ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a local dengue fever cluster outbreak in Qingpu District of Shanghai in 2024, and to provide a reference for subsequent dengue fever prevention and control. MethodsSeven confirmed local dengue fever cases reported through the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Surveillance System in Qingpu District of Shanghai in 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to conduct investigation and analysis from the aspects of onset, medical treatment and reporting, clinical symptoms, travel and contact history within 15 days before onset, and activity trajectories. ResultsA total of 7 cases were identified in this outbreak. None of the cases had a travel history to dengue-endemic areas within 15 days prior to onset, while all had shared exposure environments and mosquito bite histories, indicating a local clustered transmission pattern. The main clinical manifestations included fever (100.00%) and myalgia (42.86%). All 7 cases were positive for dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) by nucleic acid testing. Genetic sequencing showed that the virus strains belonged to the Cosmopolitan genotype and were most closely related to the epidemic DENV strains circulating in southern China in recent years. ConclusionThis outbreak might be a local secondary infection caused by the short-term stay of dengue fever-infected individuals, and the possible source of importation was dengue fever endemic areas in southern China.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in mice. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomized into control group, PPS treatment (25 mg/kg via gavage for 3 weeks) group, CYP treatment (3 separate intraperitoneal injections at 50 mg/kg in week 4), and CYP+PPS treatment group. Gut microbiota alterations of the mice were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed in CYP-treated recipient mice and those treated with both CYP and PPS. In the in vitro experiment, LPS-stimulated human bladder epithelial cells (SV-HUC-1) were used to assess the effects of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and TGR5 signaling inhibitor SBI-115 on barrier functions of bladder epithelial cells. RESULTS: PPS treatment significantly improved the mechanical pain thresholds, restored the urodynamic parameters, and attenuated bladder inflammation and barrier dysfunction in CYP-treated mice. Mechanistically, PPS enriched the abundance of Eubacterium xylanophilum and increased DCA levels in the intestines of CYP-treated mice. FMT experiments confirmed microbiota-dependent therapeutic effects of PPS, shown by reduced bladder pathology in the recipient mice treated with both CYP and PPS. In SV-HUC-1 cells, DCA obviously alleviated LPS-induced inflammation and barrier disruption, and treatment with SBI-115 abolished these protective effects of DCA. CONCLUSIONS PPS ameliorates IC/BPS in mice by remodeling gut microbiota to enhance DCA production and activate TGR5 signaling, suggesting a novel microbiota-bile acid-TGR5 axis that mediates the therapeutic effect of PPS and a therapeutic strategy for IC/BPS by targeting gut-bladder crosstalk.
Animals ; Cystitis, Interstitial/drug therapy* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/therapeutic use* ; Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Female ; Mice ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism* ; Urinary Bladder ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Humans

Objective To compare image quality and clinical usefulness between single breath-hold three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with compressed sensing(3D BH-CS-MRCP)and with gradient and spin-echo(3D BH-GRASE-MRCP)and conventional three-dimensional breath-triggered magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(3D RT-MRCP).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 48 patients(26 males and 22 females,mean age of 53.14±15.19 years),who underwent 3D BH-GRASE-MRCP,3D BH-CS-MRCP and 3D RT-MRCP from September to December 2023.Pancreaticobiliary duct visibility,motion artifacts,background suppression,and overall image quality were scored on a 5-point scale by two radiologists.The relative contrast ratio of three bile duct segmentations(common bile duct,left and right intrahepatic bile ducts)were calculated,and the acquisition time of the three sequences was recorded.Friedman test with a post-hoc test was performed to compare image acquisition time,qualitative and quantitative results.Results The acquisition time was significantly shorter in the two breath-hold groups than for conventional 3D RT-MRCP(P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in overall image quality,motion artifacts,common bile duct and primary branch of intrahepatic bile duct among the three groups.The relative contrast ratio,intrahepatic biliary secondary branch visibility and background suppression score of 3D RT-MRCP and BH-CS-MRCP were significantly higher than those of BH-GRASE-MRCP(P＜0.01).The pancreatic duct(proximal,middle,distal)visibility score of 3D RT-MRCP was significantly better than that of BH-GRASE-MRCP(P=0.002,0.043,0.001),but the gallbladder and gallbladder duct visibility score of BH-GRASE-MRCP was higher than that of 3D RT-MRCP(P=0.036).There was no significant difference between 3D RT-MRCP and BH-CS-MRCP scores except for the middle and distal pancreatic duct visibility.Conclusion Breath-hold 3D MRCP with GRASE and CS can give us feasible options for pancreaticobiliary diagnosis,which significantly shortens the acquisition time without reducing the overall image quality.Compared with BH-GRASE-MRCP,BH-CS-MRCP has better consistency in pancreaticobiliary duct visibility and background suppression.

Objective To compare image quality and clinical usefulness between single breath-hold three-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with compressed sensing(3D BH-CS-MRCP)and with gradient and spin-echo(3D BH-GRASE-MRCP)and conventional three-dimensional breath-triggered magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(3D RT-MRCP).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 48 patients(26 males and 22 females,mean age of 53.14±15.19 years),who underwent 3D BH-GRASE-MRCP,3D BH-CS-MRCP and 3D RT-MRCP from September to December 2023.Pancreaticobiliary duct visibility,motion artifacts,background suppression,and overall image quality were scored on a 5-point scale by two radiologists.The relative contrast ratio of three bile duct segmentations(common bile duct,left and right intrahepatic bile ducts)were calculated,and the acquisition time of the three sequences was recorded.Friedman test with a post-hoc test was performed to compare image acquisition time,qualitative and quantitative results.Results The acquisition time was significantly shorter in the two breath-hold groups than for conventional 3D RT-MRCP(P＜0.001).There were no significant differences in overall image quality,motion artifacts,common bile duct and primary branch of intrahepatic bile duct among the three groups.The relative contrast ratio,intrahepatic biliary secondary branch visibility and background suppression score of 3D RT-MRCP and BH-CS-MRCP were significantly higher than those of BH-GRASE-MRCP(P＜0.01).The pancreatic duct(proximal,middle,distal)visibility score of 3D RT-MRCP was significantly better than that of BH-GRASE-MRCP(P=0.002,0.043,0.001),but the gallbladder and gallbladder duct visibility score of BH-GRASE-MRCP was higher than that of 3D RT-MRCP(P=0.036).There was no significant difference between 3D RT-MRCP and BH-CS-MRCP scores except for the middle and distal pancreatic duct visibility.Conclusion Breath-hold 3D MRCP with GRASE and CS can give us feasible options for pancreaticobiliary diagnosis,which significantly shortens the acquisition time without reducing the overall image quality.Compared with BH-GRASE-MRCP,BH-CS-MRCP has better consistency in pancreaticobiliary duct visibility and background suppression.

The microbiome plays a role in the development of lower urinary tract diseases, but the impact of viruses on these conditions remains unclear. In recent years, research has emerged demonstrating a potential link between viruses and lower urinary tract diseases, including bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and overactive bladder. In this paper, the research of the correlation between viruses and lower urinary tract diseases and the related mechanisms were reviewed.

Objective To study mechanical properties of traditional trajectory (TT) and modified cortical bone trajectory (MCBT) on osteoporotic vertebrae through finite element analysis. Methods The three-dimensional model of L4 segment was established, and pedicle screw (PS) (diameter 6.0 mm, length 45 mm) and MCBT screw (diameter 4.5 mm, length 40 mm) were placed on both sides of the lumbar spine. The pull-out strength and the load-displacement ratio of screws in two different screw trajectories under up, down, left, right working conditions were analyzed, and the stability between the screw and vertebral body under osteoporotic conditions was evaluated. Results Compared with TT, the pull-out strength of MCBT screw was increased by 13.1%. Compared with PS, the load-displacement ratio of MCBT screw under up, down and left working conditions was increased by 57.2%, 32.4%, and 31.6%. Under right working condition, although the load-displacement ratio of MCBT screw was higher than that of PS, no statistical difference was found. The load-displacement ratio of vertebral body in MCBT group under lateral bending and axial rotation was significantly higher than that in TT group. The load-displacement ratio of vertebral body in MCBT group under flexion was lower than that in TT group. Although the load-displacement ratio of vertebral body in MCBT group under extension was higher that that in TT group, no statistical difference was found. Conclusions MCBT is superior to TT in pull-out strength, screw stability and vertebral body stability under lateral bending and axial rotation, but its vertebral body stability under flexion and extension was weaker than that of TT. The research findings demonstrate the superiority of MCBT under osteoporotic conditions and lay the foundation for clinical application of MCBT.

Objective To translate English version of sensory-motor profile awake ( SMP-a) into Chinese version (the Chinese Version of SMP-a),and analyze the reliability and validity of the scale before and after craniotomy under awakening anesthesia. Methods Eighty-one patients whose tumors were located near or already in sensory-motor functional area were included in this study. Before and after awake cranioto-my,the Chinese version of SMP-a was used to accurately assess the sensory-motor function of each patient. Finally, the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results Cronbach's α coefficient in the Chinese version of SMP-a was 0. 971,and Cronbach's α coefficient in the four subscales of face,hand,leg and sensation was 0. 965,0. 989,0. 981 and 0. 970,respectively. The test-retest reliability of the Chinese version of sensorimotor assessment scale was 0. 910,0. 904,0. 884,0. 898 and 0. 695 (total,face,hands,legs and sensory score respectively). The raters' consistency reliability was above 0. 949,0. 960,0. 934,0. 887 and 0. 660,respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients of sensorimotor function score with SF-36 physiological function factors and KPS score were 0. 868 and 0. 790,respectively. Conclusion Before or after operation,the Chinese version of SMP-a has preferable reliability,internal con-sistency reliability and structural validity. It is feasible in awakening anesthesia craniotomy,and the degree of damage can be determined by repeated measurement of the sensorimotor sites that may be impaired by the patient.

Objective To investigate the development of early myocardial perfusion with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) combined with dipyridamole stress echocardiography in diabetic rats . Methods The diabetes mellitus (DM) group comprised 40 male diabetic rats ,induced with streptozotocin . The control group comprised 40 normal male rats ,comparable body weights with the DM group .The DM group was divided into four subgroups (0 week ,2 weeks ,4 weeks and 8 weeks after diabetic model established) and the control group was also divided into four subgroups matched with the DM group .Each rat was performed with conventional echocardiography ,MCE at baseline and after dipyridamole stress .The reserve parameters were compared between the control group and the DM group .In addition ,the differences among four subgroups in the control group and the DM group were compared ,respectively .Results MCE demonstrated that the 4 weeks and 8 weeks DM subgroup had lower myocardial blood velocity reserve and myocardial blood flow reserve than the control subgroup .The myocardial blood volume reserve was reduced in the 8 weeks DM subgroup ,too .Conclusions The impairment of myocardial perfusion in the DM rats are detected earlier with the MCE combined with dipyridamole stress .

Objective To investigate the value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCEUS) in combination with three-dimension (3D) contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosis of benign or malignant gastric ulceration. Methods A total of 47 patients with gastric lesions were enrolled in this study. All have the pathological results, 22 of them were benign ulceration and 25 were malignant. All patients underwent DCEUS and 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound. On the basis of oral contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents, intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound agents were given at the same time. Images and data were recorded. The arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), infusion time (IT), baseline intensity (BI), peak intensity (PI) and enhanced intensity (EI) were calculated using the time-intensity curve (TIC). Results All benign ulcerations were imaged as small pits with slight thicken of gastric wall [(8.66±2.87) mm] using DCEUS,while malignant lesions were relatively large irregular-shape, unevenly-bottom pits with significant thicken of gastric wall [(13.98±3.63)~(20.83±3.69) mm]. 3D-DCEUS images were analyzed for gastric mucosal folds, ulceration lesions, as well as local vascularity. All ulceration lesions showed broken of gastric mucosal folds, and malignant lesion showed thickness of gastric wall as“crater”, with rich and irregular vascularity. There were no statistical differences between benign gastric ulcerations and adjacent normal gastric wall (P>0.05). Malignant gastric ulceration were compared with adjacent normal gastric wall tissue, TTP, IT and BI had no statistical differences (P>0.05), while AT, PI, and EI had statistical differences [(9.00±2.02) s vs (10.90±2.75) s, P=0.008], [(35.46±5.77) dB vs (29.73±8.72) dB, P=0.009] and [(30.76±5.76) dB vs (23.45±6.84) dB, P=0.000]. PI and EI in malignant tumors were higher than those in benign ones (P<0.05). Conclusion DCEUS could be a new method in differentiating benign and malignant gastric ulceration, which can get both the anatomy and perfusion information of gastric wall as well as lesions. 3D-DCEUS can improve the quality of the conventional ultrasound image.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from our hosptial.Methods Twenty P .aeruginosa isolates resistant to both levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin as tested by VITEK-2 Compact were collected.Agar dilution method was used to confirm their minimum inhibito-ry concentrations (MICs)of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB )and topoisomerase IV (parC and parE)were analyzed by PCR amplification.The expression of efflux systems were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.Results The MIC results were consistent between Agar dilution method and Vitek-2 Compact system.DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB )se-quencing analysis showed that the mutations were mainly frame-shifting mutation characteristic of base (C)insertion at position 941 in gyrA gene,deletion of base (A)at position 1588 in gyrB gene,and insertion of base (T)at position 1543 in gyrB gene.Insertion of base (C)at position 1895 in parE gene was identified in 3 strains.Overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexCD-OprJ was detected by real-time RT-PCR.Conclusions The insertion and/or deletion of bases in DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB)genes and overproduction of MexAB-OprM and MexCD-OprJ efflux systems may contribute to the resistance to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in clinical isolates of P .aeruginosa.