OBJECTIVE： To study the improvement effect of neurological impairment and mechanism of Mongolian medicine New Hesugawurile on middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model rats.  METHODS： Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， New Hesugawurile group （540 mg/kg）， chemical drug positive control group （Nimodipine tablet， 16.12 mg/kg） and TCM positive control group （Ginkgo biloba leaves tablet， 5.18 mg/kg）， with 16 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model was estbalished by Zea-Longa suture method in other groups. After modeling， administration group was given relevant medicine intragastrically， while sham operation group and model group were given same volume of distilled water intragastrically， for consecutive 14 d. 1 h after last medication， neurological impairment score was conducted in each group. Cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content and cerebral indexes were calculated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride method. The pathological changes of cerebral hippocampal neurons of rats were observed by HE staining. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and nerve growth factor （NGF） protein in prefrontal lobe of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the neurological impairment score， cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content， cerebral index， the expression of BDNF and NGF protein were significantly rised in model group （P＜0.01）； the cerebral hippocampus neurons were loosely arranged， irregular in shape， while some of them shrank， nissl bodies in the cytoplasm decreased and the nucleoli disappeared. Compared with model group， the neurological impairment score， cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content and cerebral indexes were decreased significantly in New Hesugawurile group， chemical drug positive control group and TCM positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the expression of BDNF and NGF protein in prefrontal lobe of rats were rised significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cerebral hippocampus neurons were arranged tightly， with round nucleus and uniform cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS： Mongolian medicine New Hesugawurile can improve the neurological impairment of cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with the expression up-regulation of BDNF and NGF protein.