OBJECTIVE To establish a content determination method for multiple components in Sophora flavescens from different origins and to evaluate its quality by combining with chemometrics. METHODS Thirteen batches （No. K1-K13） of S. flavescens from different origins were selected as test samples. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） method was established to determine the contents of 12 components， including matrine， oxymatrine， betaine， cytisine， N-methylcytisine， sophoridine， genistein， sophoricoside， sophorone， formononetin， sophorolone Ⅰ and norkurarinone in S. flavescens. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol （A） and water containing 0.1% formic acid （B）， using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min， column temperature of 35 ℃， and an injection volume of 3 μL. Mass spectrometry was conducted using an electrospray ionization source with positive and negative ion scanning. Data were collected in segments using the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） and grey relational analysis （GRA）methods were employed to compare and comprehensively evaluate the 13 batches of S. flavescens from different origins. RESULTS The methodological validation for the content determination met the relevant regulatory requirements. The contents of the 12 components were 490.66-1 231.00， 11 088.10- 18 021.50， 7.91-25.38， 903.97-1 713.64， 336.08-1 485.54，1 065.33-2 075.50， 27.52-71.80， 109.36-517.83， 6 034.55-10 632.73， 21.26-145.35， 814.84-1 911.32， 1 040.87-3 446.37 μg/g）， respectively. TOPSIS results showed that the top 7 samples in Euclidean distance ranking were K6， K12， K11， K3， K5， K10， K13. The GRA results showed that the top 7 samples in the relative correlation ranking were K12， K11， K10， K6， K13， K5， K3. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC-MS/MS method is rapid， accurate， highly sensitive， stable and reliable. Combined with chemometrics methods， it can be used for the quality control and evaluation of S. flavescens. The comprehensive quality of samples K3， K5， K6（ from Hebei）， K10（ from Sichuan）， K11-K13（ from Shanxi）， etc. is relatively superior.

Objective To analyze the interactions between different structural types of volatile oil compo-nents(VOCs)and skin lipid molecules,and investigate the mechanism of volatile oil in Chi-nese materia medica(VOCMM)as penetration enhancers. Methods In this study,210 different structural types of VOCs were selected from the VOCMM penetration enhancer database,and the molecular docking experiments were conducted with three main lipid molecules of skin:ceramide 2(CER2),cholesterol(CHL),and free fatty acid(FFA).Each VOC was docked individually with each lipid molecule.Cluster analysis was used to explore the relationship between the binding energy of VOCs and their molecular struc-tures.Nine specific pathogen-free(SPF)Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided in-to Control,Nootkatone,and 3-Butylidenephthalide groups for in vitro percutaneous experi-ments,with three rats in each group.The donor pool solutions were 3%gastrodin,3%gas-trodin+3%nootkatone,and 3%gastrodin+3%3-butylidenephthalide,respectively.The pen-etration enhancing effects of VOCs with higher binding energy were evaluated by comparing the 12-hour cumulative percutaneous absorption of gastrodin(Q12,μg/cm2). Results(i)Most of the VOCs were non-hydrogen bonded to the hydrophobic parts of CHL and FFA,and hydrogen bonded to the head group of CER2.Among them,sesquiterpene ox-ides showed the most pronounced binding affinity to CER2.The VOCs with 2-4 rings(in-cluding carbon rings,benzene rings,and heterocycles)demonstrated stronger binding affini-ty for three skin lipid molecules compared with the VOCs without intramolecular rings(P<0.01).(ii)According to the cluster analysis,most of the VOCs that bond well to CER2 had 2-3 intramolecular rings.The non-oxygenated VOCs were bonded to CER2 in a hydrophobic manner.The oxygenated VOCs were mostly bonded to CER2 by hydrogen bonding.(iii)The results of Franz diffusion cell experiment showed that the Q12 of Control group was 260.60±25.09 μg/cm2,and the transdermal absorption of gastrodin was significantly increased in Nootkatone group(Q12=5 503.00±1 080.00 μg/cm2,P<0.01).The transdermal absorption of gastrodin was also increased in 3-Butylidenephthalide group(Q12=495.40±56.98 μg/cm2,P>0.05).(iv)The type of oxygen-containing functional groups in VOCs was also an influencing factor of binding affinity to CER2. Conclusion The interactions between different types of VOCs with different structures in the VOCMM and three skin lipid molecules in the stratum corneum were investigated at the molecular level in this paper.This research provided theoretical guidance and data support for the screening of volatile oil-based penetration enhancers,and a simple and rapid method for studying the penetration-enhancing mechanism of volatile oils.

OBJECTIVE： To screen the hepatoprotective active fractions from Ixeris chinensis and study its chemical constituents. METHODS：The petroleum ether，ethyl acetate，n-butanol and residual water fractions from 70％ ethanol extract of I.chinensis were extracted by systematic solvent method. Human hepatocytes HL-7702 were induced by acetaminophen to induce liver injury model. MTT method was used to detect the protective effect of the above fractions（40 μg/mL，by the dosage of crude drug）on injured cells，and the active fractions were screened. The active fractions were separated and purified by silica gel column and Sephadex column chromatography. The structure of the compounds were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectral data （hydrogen spectrum，carbon spectrum）. RESULTS：After treated with different fractions of I. chinensis，the cell survival rate of each administration group was increased significantly，compared with model group（P＜0.01），and the n-butanol and water fractions had the strongest activity （the cell survival rates were 49.3％ and 52.2％ ，respectively）. Six compoundswere isolated from n-butanol fraction and identified as sonchifolignan A（Ⅰ），apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside methyl ester（Ⅱ），luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester （Ⅲ），luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （Ⅳ），apigenin-7-O-β-Dglucopyranoside（Ⅴ）and luteolin（Ⅵ）. CONCLUSIONS：The n-butanol fraction is regarded as an effective position for protecting liver，and flavonoids are the main active omponents.KEYWORDS Ixeris chinensis；Hepatoprotective activi

OBJECTIVE：To optim ize ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3. METHODS ：The L 9（34） orthogonal design was used to optimize ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3 with solid-liquid ratio ，ethanol volume fraction and extraction time as factors ，using comprehensive scores for the contents of benzoylaconitine ，benzoylneoaconitine， benzoylhypoaconitine，aconitine，neoaconitine，hypoaconitine，piperine and gallic acid as indexes. RESULTS ：The optimal ethanol extraction technology was that solid-liquid ratio of 1∶10（g/mL），ethanol volume fraction of 75％，extracting for 1.5 h. After 3 times of validation tests ，average contents of above 8 components in ethanol extract from Naru- 3 were 1.69，1.48，14.69，0.28， 0.05，0.08，26.01，17.33 mg/g（RSDs were 0-4.96％，n＝3），respectively. Average comprehensive score was 19.03（RSD＝1.42％， n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimal ethanol extraction technology of Mongolian medicine Naru- 3 is stable and feasible.

Introduction: In a report from the WHO 2013 it states that, 23% of children between the ages of 13 and 17 had suicidal ideation and 9.3% attempted suicide in the last 12 months. According to the research of Bayarmaa V et al, the prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorder among adolescents is between 8.7% & 9.4%. As a result of these researches, it can be concluded that evaluating the mental health of adolescents and learning the risk factors that can affect it has become an urgent matter in Mongolia. Goal: To establish the prevalence, the factors that influence it and the type of signs and symptoms common to this behavioral and emotional disorder in adolescents of the Gobi-Altai province. Material and Method: No ethical errors were reported during the implementation of this study. We used various versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) applicable for children, adolescents, parents and teachers and determined exhibition of emotional and behavioral problems by cross-sectional analysis. 2192 adolescents between the ages of 11-18 years old, 1808 parents and caregivers and 102 teachers from the secondary school in Gobi-Altai province were screened from March to December of 2018. Results: In our study, 50.5% (n=1107) of participants were boys, 49.5% (n=1085) were girls and totally 2192 participants were involved. Regarding the survey results, 58.6% of adolescents in Gobi-Altai province were healthy, 36.1% of them had emotional and behavioral problems and 5.2% of them had emotional and behavioral disorders. For the mental health of adolescent, peer bullying (child 1.4 times higher, parents 6.4 times higher), moving house (child 2 times higher), domestic disputes between parents (child 1.6 times higher), loneliness (child 1.4 times high), hormonal change (teacher 7.7 times high, parents 2 times high), obtaining a qualification for a better life (teacher 6.4 times high) are the factors affecting their mental health negativ ely and creating a mental health problem. Conclusion 58.6% of adolescents in Gobi-Altai province were healthy, 36.1% of them had emotional and behavioral problems and 5.2% of them were with emotional and behavioral disorders. Peer bullying, moving house, domestic disputes between parents, loneliness, hormonal change are the factors affecting the mental health of adolescents negatively.

OBJECTIVE： To study the improvement effect of neurological impairment and mechanism of Mongolian medicine New Hesugawurile on middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model rats.  METHODS： Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， New Hesugawurile group （540 mg/kg）， chemical drug positive control group （Nimodipine tablet， 16.12 mg/kg） and TCM positive control group （Ginkgo biloba leaves tablet， 5.18 mg/kg）， with 16 rats in each group. Except for sham operation group， middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model was estbalished by Zea-Longa suture method in other groups. After modeling， administration group was given relevant medicine intragastrically， while sham operation group and model group were given same volume of distilled water intragastrically， for consecutive 14 d. 1 h after last medication， neurological impairment score was conducted in each group. Cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content and cerebral indexes were calculated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride method. The pathological changes of cerebral hippocampal neurons of rats were observed by HE staining. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and nerve growth factor （NGF） protein in prefrontal lobe of rats were observed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the neurological impairment score， cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content， cerebral index， the expression of BDNF and NGF protein were significantly rised in model group （P＜0.01）； the cerebral hippocampus neurons were loosely arranged， irregular in shape， while some of them shrank， nissl bodies in the cytoplasm decreased and the nucleoli disappeared. Compared with model group， the neurological impairment score， cerebral infarction rate， cerebral water content and cerebral indexes were decreased significantly in New Hesugawurile group， chemical drug positive control group and TCM positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）， and the expression of BDNF and NGF protein in prefrontal lobe of rats were rised significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cerebral hippocampus neurons were arranged tightly， with round nucleus and uniform cytoplasmic staining. CONCLUSIONS： Mongolian medicine New Hesugawurile can improve the neurological impairment of cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion injury model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with the expression up-regulation of BDNF and NGF protein.

Objective To investigate the target organs function damage in elderly patients with H type hypertension and its association with blood pressure variability.Methods Ninety-two patients with H type hypertension in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2014 to January 2016 were collected as the observation group and contemporaneous 135 elderly patients with non-H type hypertension were collected as the control group.The main observation indicators included 24 h systolic/diastolic blood pressure variability,24 h average systolic/diastolic blood pressure,glomerular filtration rate(GFR),serum creatinine,24 h urinary microalbumin,carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass index.Results Compared with the control group,24 h systolic blood pressure variability,24 h diastolic blood pressure variability,creatinine,24 h urinary microalbumin,carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass index in the observation group were significantly increased(P＜0.05);GFR was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that 24 h systolic blood pressure variability was the factors affecting GFR (P＜0.05);24 h systolic blood pressure variability was the factor affecting~the creatinine level (P＜0.05);24 h systolic blood pressure,24 h systolic blood pressure variability and 24 h diastolic blood pressure variability were the influence factors of carotid intima-media thickness (P＜0.05);24 h systolic blood pressure variability was the influence factor of left ventricular mass index (P＜0.05).Conclusion The target organs function damage in the patients with H type hypertension is serious,and the blood pressurevariability enlargement is the influencing factor of target organs function damage.

Introduction: Monitoring of vaccination coverage is vital for the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Electronic immunization registers have been increasingly adopted to assist with the monitoring of vaccine coverage; however, there is limited literature about the use of electronic registers in low- and middle-income countries such as Mongolia. We aimed to determine the accuracy and completeness of the newly introduced electronic immunization register for calculating vaccination coverage and determining vaccine effectiveness within two districts in Mongolia in comparison to written health provider records. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional record review among children 2–23 months of age vaccinated at immunization clinics within the two districts. We linked data from written records with the electronic immunization register using the national identification number to determine the completeness and accuracy of the electronic register. Results: Both completeness (90.9%; 95% CI: 88.4–93.4) and accuracy (93.3%; 95% CI: 84.1–97.4) of the electronic immunization register were high when compared to written records. The increase in completeness over time indicated a delay in data entry. Conclusion: Through this audit, we have demonstrated concordance between a newly introduced electronic register and health provider records in a middle-income country setting. Based on this experience, we recommend that electronic registers be accompanied by routine quality assurance procedures for the monitoring of vaccination programmes in such settings.

BACKGROUND. When the body of musty and changed, a long time in the water can be difficult to identify soft tissue injury. For detecting hemorrhage in changed tissues we are using the method named after German doctor G.Lepchne, born in 1887. The method, based on the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin pigment. It is recommended to stain frozen slices.Erythrocytes and hemoglobin are colored in a dark brown color. Reagent: 2 ml 0.6% benzidine solution, 0.5 perhydrol, 4.5 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol Since 20148 we have been using the method in four cases. The result was useful for detecting injuries.