Background:The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which is strongly correlated with cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and other adverse outcomes,is steadily increasing with noticeable gender disparities.Aims:This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of male MAFLD patients and establish a prediction model.Methods:Male participants aged 18 and above were recruited from a physical examination center in Shanghai,and their clinical data were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set according to the ratio of 7:3.Additionally,data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)conducted between 2017 and 2020 was gathered for external validation.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors and establish a clinical prediction model for male MAFLD.The efficacy of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC),area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 1 370 subjects were enrolled,with an overall prevalence of MAFLD at 34.38％.Among men under 60,there was a positive correlation between age and the prevalence of MAFLD,while among men over 60,there was a negative correlation.Participants with overweight/obesity,abnormal fasting plasma glucose(FPG),type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or abnormal serum uric acid(UA)exhibited a higher prevalence.Age,body mass index(BMI),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),UA and FPG were the risk factors for MAFLD.The prediction model was successfully constructed and demonstrated robust forecasting capabilities.The AUC in the training set,internal validation set and external validation set were 0.869(95％CI:0.846-0.892),0.866(95％CI:0.831-0.900)and 0.852(95％CI:0.834-0.870),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of MAFLD in males follows an'inverted U-shaped curve'with a cut-off point at 60 years,and it is more common among those with metabolic abnormalities.Age,BMI,ALT,LDL-C,TG,UA and FPG are the risk factors for MAFLD.The prediction model effectively identifies high-risk males and holds potential for clinical implementation.

Background:The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which is strongly correlated with cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and other adverse outcomes,is steadily increasing with noticeable gender disparities.Aims:This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of male MAFLD patients and establish a prediction model.Methods:Male participants aged 18 and above were recruited from a physical examination center in Shanghai,and their clinical data were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into a training set and an internal validation set according to the ratio of 7:3.Additionally,data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)conducted between 2017 and 2020 was gathered for external validation.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors and establish a clinical prediction model for male MAFLD.The efficacy of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC),area under the curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 1 370 subjects were enrolled,with an overall prevalence of MAFLD at 34.38％.Among men under 60,there was a positive correlation between age and the prevalence of MAFLD,while among men over 60,there was a negative correlation.Participants with overweight/obesity,abnormal fasting plasma glucose(FPG),type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia,blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or abnormal serum uric acid(UA)exhibited a higher prevalence.Age,body mass index(BMI),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride(TG),UA and FPG were the risk factors for MAFLD.The prediction model was successfully constructed and demonstrated robust forecasting capabilities.The AUC in the training set,internal validation set and external validation set were 0.869(95％CI:0.846-0.892),0.866(95％CI:0.831-0.900)and 0.852(95％CI:0.834-0.870),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of MAFLD in males follows an'inverted U-shaped curve'with a cut-off point at 60 years,and it is more common among those with metabolic abnormalities.Age,BMI,ALT,LDL-C,TG,UA and FPG are the risk factors for MAFLD.The prediction model effectively identifies high-risk males and holds potential for clinical implementation.