This study aims to investigate the changes in blood biochemical indicators of tongue roll-ing(TR)behavior in cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota,laying a founda-tion for further exploring the relationship between animal oral microbiota,biochemical indicators,and behavioral changes.It also provides theoretical basis for preventing and treating TR behavior through regulating oral microbiota.This study intends to analyze and compare the blood biochemi-cal indicators and changes in oral microbiota of cattle with TR behavior and healthy cattle without TR behavior(healthy control,H),in order to explore the blood biochemical indicators of TR cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota.Blood samples from the caudal vein of cattle in each group were collected for the detection of blood biochemical indicators and stress-related hormone indicators.Oral swabs from cattle in each group were collected for 16S rRNA gene se-quencing to analyze the composition,structure,and functional changes of their oral microbiota.The results of blood biochemical indicators in H and TR groups showed that the concentrations of al-bumin(ALB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),calcium ion(Ca2+),and cortisol in TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in beta diversity of oral microbiota between TR and H groups(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the rela-tive abundances of Pseudomonas,Enterobacter,Xanthomonas,and other genera in the oral micro-biota of TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).However,the rela-tive abundances of Tessaracoccus,Turicibacter,Monoglobus,Dietzia,Bifidobacterium,and other genera in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).In the KEGG metabolic pathway at the third level,the relative abundances of thiamine me-tabolism,lipoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ALB and AST were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas.Therelative abundances of Pseudomonas,Stenotrophomonas,and Sphingomonas were significantly positively correlated with fatty acid metabolism,phosphate and phosphonate metabolism,and lipoate metabolism.ALB was significantly positively correlated with inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate and phosphonate metabolism.The study found that there were significant differences in blood biochemical indicators and oral microbiota between TR and H groups.In addition,there is a certain correlation between the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota and the biochemical function of the host.This indicates that TR behav-ior may be associated with changes in the biochemical indicators of the host and the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota.

This study aims to investigate the changes in blood biochemical indicators of tongue roll-ing(TR)behavior in cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota,laying a founda-tion for further exploring the relationship between animal oral microbiota,biochemical indicators,and behavioral changes.It also provides theoretical basis for preventing and treating TR behavior through regulating oral microbiota.This study intends to analyze and compare the blood biochemi-cal indicators and changes in oral microbiota of cattle with TR behavior and healthy cattle without TR behavior(healthy control,H),in order to explore the blood biochemical indicators of TR cattle and their correlation with changes in oral microbiota.Blood samples from the caudal vein of cattle in each group were collected for the detection of blood biochemical indicators and stress-related hormone indicators.Oral swabs from cattle in each group were collected for 16S rRNA gene se-quencing to analyze the composition,structure,and functional changes of their oral microbiota.The results of blood biochemical indicators in H and TR groups showed that the concentrations of al-bumin(ALB),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),calcium ion(Ca2+),and cortisol in TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in beta diversity of oral microbiota between TR and H groups(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the rela-tive abundances of Pseudomonas,Enterobacter,Xanthomonas,and other genera in the oral micro-biota of TR group were significantly higher than those in H group(P＜0.05).However,the rela-tive abundances of Tessaracoccus,Turicibacter,Monoglobus,Dietzia,Bifidobacterium,and other genera in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).In the KEGG metabolic pathway at the third level,the relative abundances of thiamine me-tabolism,lipoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism in the oral microbiota of TR group were significantly lower than those in H group(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that ALB and AST were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas.Therelative abundances of Pseudomonas,Stenotrophomonas,and Sphingomonas were significantly positively correlated with fatty acid metabolism,phosphate and phosphonate metabolism,and lipoate metabolism.ALB was significantly positively correlated with inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate and phosphonate metabolism.The study found that there were significant differences in blood biochemical indicators and oral microbiota between TR and H groups.In addition,there is a certain correlation between the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota and the biochemical function of the host.This indicates that TR behav-ior may be associated with changes in the biochemical indicators of the host and the composition,structure,and function of oral microbiota.