ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Yishen Huashi granules in alleviating renal tubular epithelial cell injury and relieving diabetic kidney disease by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway. MethodsThe db/db mice of 12 weeks old were randomly assigned into model ， dapagliflozin （1.6 mg·kg^-1）， and Yishen Huashi granules （4.7 g·kg^-1）， and db/m mice were used as the control group. The general conditions of mice were observed， and fasting blood glucose and 24-h urinary protein and albumin-to-creatinine ratio （ACR） were measured at weeks 0 and 12 of administration. After 12 weeks of treatment， the levels of serum creatinine （SCr）， blood urea （UREA）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low density lipoprotein （LDL） were measured. The pathological changes in the renal tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining， Mallory staining， and transmission electron microscopy. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 （MCP-1） and CC chemokine receptor-2 （CCR2） in the renal tissue of mice. The immunohistochemical assay was employed to examine the expression of p38， phospho-p38 （p-p38）， MCP-1， and CCR2 in the renal tissue of mice. Western blotting was employed to measure the protein levels of p-p38， p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 in the renal tissue of mice.HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were grouped as follows： negative control， high glucose（30 mmol·L^-1）， Yishen Huashi granule-containing serum， and SB203580. After 48 h of cell culture in each group， RNA were extracted and the levels of MCP-1， and CCR2 mRNA were determined by Real-time PCR，proteins were extracted and the levels of p38， p-p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 were determined by Western blot. ResultsThe in vivo experiments showed that before treatment， other groups had higher body weight， blood glucose level， 24 h urinary protein， and ACR than the control group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. After 12 weeks of treatment， compared with the model group， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed improved general conditions， a decreasing trend in body weight， lowered levels of blood glucose， 24-h urinary protein， and ACR （P<0.01）， reduced SCr and UREA （P<0.01）， and declined levels of TC， TG， and LDL （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed alleviated damage and interstitial fibrosis in the renal tissue as well as reductions in glomerular foot process fusion and basement membrane thickening. Moreover， the Yishen Huashi granules group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 （P<0.01）， reduced positive expression of p-p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein levels of p-p38/p38， MCP-1， and CCR2 （P<0.05） in the renal tissue. The cell experiment showed that compared with the high glucose group， the Yishen Huashi granule-containing serum group showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of MCP-1 and CCR2 （P<0.01） and down-regulated protein levels of p-p38/p38， MCP-1， and CCR2（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionYishen Huashi granules can regulate glucose-lipid metabolism， reduce 24 h urinary protein and ACR， improve the renal function， alleviate the renal tubule injury caused by high glucose， and protect renal tubule epithelial cells in db/db mice by reducing MCP-1/CCR2 activation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyse the effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy and the coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation on patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma who are considered to be at risk of bleeding.Methods:The data of 117 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation after ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy in Peking University First Hospital from March 2019 to April 2023 were retrospectively analysed. There were 95 males and 22 females, with the age of (62.0±11.8) years. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the following variables: the pre-puncture platelet count, the international standardised ratio, anticoagulation therapy, the haemoglobin (Hb) level, the success rate of the liver puncture, the qualified rate of liver puncture specimens, the number of puncture samples, the length of hospital stay, the Hb level after puncture, bleeding within 10 days post-operation, and complications after ablation, including biliary fistula, hemothorax and organ perforation.Results:Among the 117 patients, 60 cases (51.3%) had an international normalized ratio >1.1, 40 cases (34.2%) had thrombocytopenia, that is, <150×10 9/L, and 17 cases (14.5%) received continuous anticoagulation therapy before the operation. It is evident that all 117 patients successfully completed the ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy, and that all liver biopsy specimens were qualified. The absence of biliary fistula, hemothorax, organ perforation or death in the patients post-ablation was noted. According to the adverse event evaluation criteria, version 5.0, 113 cases (96.6%) were classified as grade 1 and 4 cases (3.4%) were classified as grade 3. The Hb concentration of patients with minor bleeding (grade 1) prior to puncture was (119.7±22.2) g/L, which was significantly higher than the Hb concentration of patients with severe bleeding (grade 3), (76.0±10.4) g/L ( t=3.92, P=0.010). A meticulous examination of the data revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to pre-puncture platelet count, pre-puncture international standardised ratio, pre-puncture proportion of receiving anticoagulant drugs, length of hospital stay and number of puncture samples (all P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are at risk of bleeding, ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy followed by coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation can obtain satisfactory liver tissue samples and is relatively safe. There were differences in hemoglobin levels before puncture among patients with different bleeding after puncture.

Objective:To analyse the effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy and the coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation on patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma who are considered to be at risk of bleeding.Methods:The data of 117 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation after ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy in Peking University First Hospital from March 2019 to April 2023 were retrospectively analysed. There were 95 males and 22 females, with the age of (62.0±11.8) years. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the following variables: the pre-puncture platelet count, the international standardised ratio, anticoagulation therapy, the haemoglobin (Hb) level, the success rate of the liver puncture, the qualified rate of liver puncture specimens, the number of puncture samples, the length of hospital stay, the Hb level after puncture, bleeding within 10 days post-operation, and complications after ablation, including biliary fistula, hemothorax and organ perforation.Results:Among the 117 patients, 60 cases (51.3%) had an international normalized ratio >1.1, 40 cases (34.2%) had thrombocytopenia, that is, <150×10 9/L, and 17 cases (14.5%) received continuous anticoagulation therapy before the operation. It is evident that all 117 patients successfully completed the ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy, and that all liver biopsy specimens were qualified. The absence of biliary fistula, hemothorax, organ perforation or death in the patients post-ablation was noted. According to the adverse event evaluation criteria, version 5.0, 113 cases (96.6%) were classified as grade 1 and 4 cases (3.4%) were classified as grade 3. The Hb concentration of patients with minor bleeding (grade 1) prior to puncture was (119.7±22.2) g/L, which was significantly higher than the Hb concentration of patients with severe bleeding (grade 3), (76.0±10.4) g/L ( t=3.92, P=0.010). A meticulous examination of the data revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to pre-puncture platelet count, pre-puncture international standardised ratio, pre-puncture proportion of receiving anticoagulant drugs, length of hospital stay and number of puncture samples (all P>0.05). Conclusion:For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are at risk of bleeding, ultrasound-guided percutaneous liver biopsy followed by coaxial biopsy needle tract radiofrequency ablation can obtain satisfactory liver tissue samples and is relatively safe. There were differences in hemoglobin levels before puncture among patients with different bleeding after puncture.

Objective:To construct the rpoN gene knockout strain (Δ rpoN) and the complemented strain (CΔ rpoN) of Vibrio vulnificus ( V. vulnificus), and investigate the role of the rpoN gene in regulating bacterial motility and biofilm formation. Methods:The Δ rpoN strain of V. vulnificus was constructed using homologous recombination. Bacterial motility was assessed via swimming assays, and flagellar morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Biofilm formation capacity was evaluated using crystal violet and Congo red staining assays, as well as colony morphology analysis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA levels of target genes associated with flagellar synthesis and biofilm formation in Δ rpoN and the wild-type strains. Results:The V. vulnificus genome harbored a single rpoN gene, encoding a protein with high amino acid sequence similarity to RpoN homologs in other bacterial species. The Δ rpoN strain was successfully constructed. Compared with the wild-type strain, the Δ rpoN strain exhibited complete loss of motility on soft agar plates, absence of flagellar, and downregulated mRNA levels of flagellar synthesis-related genes. Conclusions:In V. vulnificus, RpoN regulates flagellar assembly by modulating the expression of flagellar synthesis genes, thereby controlling bacterial motility and biofilm formation.

Background::The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been rapidly growing in Chinese populations in recent decades, and the shift in eating habits is a key contributing factor to this increase. Eating out of home (EOH) is one of the major shifts in eating habits during this period. However, the influence of EOH on the incidence of T2DM among Chinese urban workers is unknown.Methods::The cross-sectional study involved an analysis of 13,904 urban workers recruited from 11 health examination centers in the major cities of China to explore the relationship between EOH and T2DM between 2013 September and 2016 March.Results::Average weekly EOH frequency ≥10 times was positively associated with increased incidence of T2DM in the sampled population (OR: 1.31 [1.11-1.54], p < 0.01), most notably in participants ≤45 years old (OR: 1.41[1.11-1.80], p < 0.01]) and in males (OR:1.26 [1.06-1.51], p < 0.01). An EOH frequency of 5 times/week appears as a threshold for a significant increase in the odds of T2DM. Weekly EOH frequency ≥5 times was associated with increased odds of T2DM in a dose-response manner in the total population and almost all subgroups ( poverall association < 0.05 and pnonlinearity ≤ 0.05). Conclusion::This study showed that a frequency of EOH (≥5 times/week) was associated with a frequency-dependent increase in the odds of T2DM urban workers in China. More nutrition promotion is needed to improve the eating behavior of Chinese urban workers to reduce T2DM risk.

The therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanism of action of superficial needling therapy for knee osteoarthritis(KOA)are reviewed by analyzing relevant medical literature.Superficial needling therapy exerts certain efficacy in treating KOA,and the clinical efficacy could be further improved by combining it with conventional acupuncture,as well as Chinese medicine and other acupuncture methods alone.The therapy of stimulation of meridian qi and invigoration of yang qiare in line with the pathogenesis of KOA.Superficial needling therapy exerts certain effect on KOA by enhancing acupuncture stimulation,enlarging the treatment area,and releasing muscle and fascia.

Cardiac remodeling in microgravity exerts effects on astronauts'health and space mission efficiency.This paper analyzes the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of cardiac remodeling in microgravity based on the Trinity View of"Physique-Qi-Spirit"of traditional Chinese medicine.The microgravity environment disrupts the heaven-earth qi interaction law described in"Suwen Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun":"Earth qi ascends to form clouds through heavenly evaporation,while heaven qi descends as rain".This disruption causes upward reversal of human qi and cephalad fluid shift,consequently influencing the dynamic balance of the physique-qi-spirit system and inducing cardiac remodeling.The core pathogenesis initiates with qi upward reversal at the initial stage,advances through spiritual disturbance during progression,and culminates in physical impairment at the terminal stage.We therefore propose a holistic"physique-qi-spirit"co-regulation strategy implemented via three therapeutic principles:regulating qi,stabilizing spirit,and restoring physique.This approach aims to restore the dynamic balance of the"physique-qi-spirit"system in microgravity,apply the concept of"preventive treatment of diseases",holistically prevent or delay cardiac remodeling,and provide Traditional Chinese Medicine solutions for safeguarding astronauts'cardiovascular health.

Objective: To construct a Family with sequence similarity 50 member A(FAM50A) gene knockout mouse insulinoma pancreatic β-cell line Beta-TC-6 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and to prepare polyclonal antibodies specifically recognizing FAM50A. Methods: Two guide RNAs(sgRNAs) targeting the FAM50A gene were designed,and a recombinant plasmid expressing blue fluorescent protein(BFP) was constructed for gene knockout.The successfully constructed plasmid was transfected into Beta-TC-6 cells,and BFP-positive single cells were isolated for clonal expansion.The expanded monoclonal cell lines were genotyped by Sanger sequencing,and FAM50A protein expression was assessed by Western blot.Purified human recombinant FAM50A protein was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits for the preparation of a polyclonal antibody.The specificity of the prepared antibody was then validated using the successfully established FAM50A knockout cell line. Results: A monoclonal cell line with a successful knockout of the FAM50A gene was identified.Sanger sequencing confirmed base deletions at the target site.Western blot analysis showed a complete absence of FAM50A protein expression in this cell line.The prepared polyclonal antibody successfully recognized endogenous murine FAM50A protein in wild-type Beta-TC-6 cells and in hTERT-RPE1 cells overexpressing human FAM50A-GFP fusion protein,while no signal was detected in the FAM50A knockout cells. Conclusion This study successfully established a FAM50A gene knockout Beta-TC-6 cell model and generated a FAM50A polyclonal antibody,providing powerful tools for future research.

Objective:To construct the rpoN gene knockout strain (Δ rpoN) and the complemented strain (CΔ rpoN) of Vibrio vulnificus ( V. vulnificus), and investigate the role of the rpoN gene in regulating bacterial motility and biofilm formation. Methods:The Δ rpoN strain of V. vulnificus was constructed using homologous recombination. Bacterial motility was assessed via swimming assays, and flagellar morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Biofilm formation capacity was evaluated using crystal violet and Congo red staining assays, as well as colony morphology analysis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect mRNA levels of target genes associated with flagellar synthesis and biofilm formation in Δ rpoN and the wild-type strains. Results:The V. vulnificus genome harbored a single rpoN gene, encoding a protein with high amino acid sequence similarity to RpoN homologs in other bacterial species. The Δ rpoN strain was successfully constructed. Compared with the wild-type strain, the Δ rpoN strain exhibited complete loss of motility on soft agar plates, absence of flagellar, and downregulated mRNA levels of flagellar synthesis-related genes. Conclusions:In V. vulnificus, RpoN regulates flagellar assembly by modulating the expression of flagellar synthesis genes, thereby controlling bacterial motility and biofilm formation.

Background The power industry is characterized by typical shift work systems, with 24-hour uninterrupted work demands, high intensity and high standard job characteristics, as well as emergent task pressure, which exposes employees to the long-term dual pressure of shift work and occupational stress and may lead to occupational burnout. It not only endangers the physical and mental health of employees, but also threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system. Objective To explore the impact of shift work and occupational stress, as well as their potential interaction, on occupational burnout among employees in power enterprises. Methods From November 2024 to April 2025, cluster sampling was used to select 1378 workers from two power companies in Fuzhou. A self-designed questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to investigate the participants’ general information，shift work patterns, occupational stress, and occupational burnout. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0 software. Chi-square test was employed for intergroup comparison. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between shift work, occupational stress, and job burnout. The multiplicative interaction and additive interaction between shift work and occupational stress on occupational burnout were evaluated. Results A total of 1378 questionnaires were distributed, and 1113 were valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 80.77%. Among the participants, 37.92% were engaged in shift work, the positive rate of occupational stress was 29.83%, and the positive rate of occupational burnout was 55.80%. The logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the risks of occupational burnout in the non-shift x occupational stress group and the shift x occupational stress group were 1.59 times (95%CI: 1.12, 2.27; P=0.01) and 4.07 times (95%CI: 2.56, 6.45; P<0.01) higher than that in the non-shift x non-occupational stress group. A multiplicative interaction (shift work and occupational stress b=0.75, P=0.01, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.18, 3.80) and an additive interaction (relative excess risk ratio=2.24, 95%CI: 0.54, 3.94; attributable fraction=0.55, 95%CI: 0.32, 0.78; interaction index=3.71, 95%CI: 1.47, 9.40) between shift work and occupational stress on job burnout were identified. Conclusion Shift work and occupational stress are risk factors for occupational burnout among employees in power enterprises, and there is a synergistic interaction between these two factors in terms of their impact on occupational burnout.