Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the most prevalent microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus(DM). Its pathological mechanisms encompass various factors, including microvascular lesions, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic memory effects. Nevertheless, current clinical practices in the diagnosis and treatment encounter significant challenges, particularly regarding early detection and the limited efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Recently, RNA methylation modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine(m6A), have emerged as a central mechanism in the epigenetic regulation of the transcriptome, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiological processes underlying DR. The regulation of m6A modification is a synergistic process involving methyltransferases(such as METTL3), demethylases(such as FTO and ALKBH5), and binding proteins(such as the YTHDF family), which collectively influence RNA metabolism and participate in various pathological processes. Additionally, m6A interacts within a complex cooperative regulatory network alongside non-coding RNAs(including miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA), significantly contributing to the key pathological mechanisms of DR. This article systematically reviews the existing literature, with the objective of constructing a regulatory network map for DR centered on RNA methylation. This review not only enhances the understanding of the pathogenesis of DR but also provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel diagnostic markers and targeted treatment strategies based on m6A.

The retina is an important component in the formation of vision. Retinal diseases affect normal vision. The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway is widely expressed in biologically active cells. The MAPK signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating key physiological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases, including pathological processes such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and abnormal vascular formation. This article aims to summarize the regulatory mechanism of the MAPK signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and other diseases. Exploring the MAPK pathway's potential as a therapeutic target may provide new insights and strategies for clinical treatment.

Objective To analyse the research status and research focus in immune thrombocytopenia.Methods The literatures of ITP subject category in the SCI-expanded (SCI-E) database during 2006-2016 were retrieved.Then the co-authorship,time distribution,research regional distribution,institute distribution,keywords distribution,especially the international hot research focus in ITP,were analyzed by using the Cite Space software base on the bibliometrics method.Results A total of 963 journal articles were retrieved,and the quantity of articles about ITP subjective category showed a steady increasing trend during 2006-2015.The researches mainly distributed in the east Asia,Europe and north America areas,and top issuing countries were American,China,Japan,Canada and England.The top issuing institution was the Cornell University.The anima model,thrombopoietin receptor agonist,Helicobacter pylori eradication,systematic review and T lymphocyte proliferation were the research hot points;the high frequency key words such as large dose of dexamethasone,gene polymorphism,correlation and reaction were the latest study direction.Conclusion The co-authorship,regional distribution,research hot points and trend are determined,which can provide references for ITP scientific field of our country.

OBJECTIVETo improve the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of testicular tumor in Mongolian men.

METHODSA retrospective review of 35 cases of testicular tumors in Mongolian men from seven medical centers dated from 1990 to 2004 was performed.

RESULTSThe usual presentation of a testicular tumor was a nodular or painless swelling of one gonad. The mean delay in diagnosis was 40.03 +/- 53.45 weeks. For 16 patients, delay in diagnosis was more than or equal to six months. The histologic composition of this series was 21 (60%) seminoma, 10 (28.6%) nonseminoma, 2 (5.7%) lymphoma, 1 (2.35%) fibroneuroma and 1 (2.35%) leiomyoma. Regarding stage, 22, 2, and 5 of 29 germ cell tumors were seen initially as stage I, II, and III, respectively. Combined therapy, including radical orchiectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, were taken. 29 cases have been followed for 2 months to 10 years, 4 out of them died of distant metastasis, one died of other disease, one lives with tumor, the others live without relapse and metastasis. Three and 5-year survival rates for Mongolian patients with seminoma and nonseminoma were 95.0%, 95.0%, 57.1% and 42.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn this article, the rate of seminoma to germ cell tumors is higher than that of general population. There is an increased mean delay in diagnosis for Mongolian patients. Three and 5-year survival rates for nonseminoma are lower than that for seminoma. Better public awareness regarding testicular tumor in this population, advances in diagnosis and therapy will help to improve therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy