Cardiac arrest(CA),as one of the leading causes of death globally,poses a severe threat to human health,with an out-of-hospital survival rate of less than 10%.Animal models play an indispensable role in exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms of CA,developing novel therapeutics,and optimizing resuscitation techniques.However,existing models still exhibit significant limitations in replicating the complex clinical conditions of humans,hindering the translation of research findings into clinical practice.Through systematic review and comprehensive analysis,this article thoroughly elaborates on the construction methods,application scenarios,and limitations of various CA animal models.The study emphasizes that the selection of animal models must comprehensively consider anatomical and physiological differences across species.In terms of modeling approaches,electrically induced ventricular fibrillation is widely adopted due to its controllability and high resuscitation success rate,yet it demands advanced technical expertise and carries risks of tissue damage.The asphyxia method effectively simulates respiratory etiologies but is associated with severe organ injury and low resuscitation rates.Intravenous potassium injection and coronary artery ligation are suitable for studying metabolic disturbances and ischemic causes,respectively,though each has its specific applicability boundaries.Further analysis reveals that the depth and frequency of chest compressions,ventilation strategies,and drug selection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)significantly influence resuscitation success and prognosis.Moreover,current models predominantly utilize healthy animals,neglecting chronic comorbidities and aging factors commonly present in clinical patients.Future research should focus on developing integrated models that incorporate comorbidities,extend observation periods,and optimize post-resuscitation management.This article also advocates for standardized experimental reporting protocols to enhance data transparency and reproducibility,thereby accelerating the translation of basic research into clinical applications.Through multidimensional evaluation,this study provides critical insights for optimizing CA animal models and their application in precision medicine,while highlighting the potential of cross-species validation and integrative strategies combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine to improve the clinical relevance of these models.

Cardiac arrest(CA),as one of the leading causes of death globally,poses a severe threat to human health,with an out-of-hospital survival rate of less than 10%.Animal models play an indispensable role in exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms of CA,developing novel therapeutics,and optimizing resuscitation techniques.However,existing models still exhibit significant limitations in replicating the complex clinical conditions of humans,hindering the translation of research findings into clinical practice.Through systematic review and comprehensive analysis,this article thoroughly elaborates on the construction methods,application scenarios,and limitations of various CA animal models.The study emphasizes that the selection of animal models must comprehensively consider anatomical and physiological differences across species.In terms of modeling approaches,electrically induced ventricular fibrillation is widely adopted due to its controllability and high resuscitation success rate,yet it demands advanced technical expertise and carries risks of tissue damage.The asphyxia method effectively simulates respiratory etiologies but is associated with severe organ injury and low resuscitation rates.Intravenous potassium injection and coronary artery ligation are suitable for studying metabolic disturbances and ischemic causes,respectively,though each has its specific applicability boundaries.Further analysis reveals that the depth and frequency of chest compressions,ventilation strategies,and drug selection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)significantly influence resuscitation success and prognosis.Moreover,current models predominantly utilize healthy animals,neglecting chronic comorbidities and aging factors commonly present in clinical patients.Future research should focus on developing integrated models that incorporate comorbidities,extend observation periods,and optimize post-resuscitation management.This article also advocates for standardized experimental reporting protocols to enhance data transparency and reproducibility,thereby accelerating the translation of basic research into clinical applications.Through multidimensional evaluation,this study provides critical insights for optimizing CA animal models and their application in precision medicine,while highlighting the potential of cross-species validation and integrative strategies combining traditional Chinese and Western medicine to improve the clinical relevance of these models.