OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical properties of personalized Y-shaped plates with horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plates in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures through finite element analysis, and to evaluate their potential for clinical application. METHODS: The study selected a 38-year-old male volunteer and obtained a three-dimensional model of the humerus by scanning his upper limbs using a 64-slice spiral CT. Four types of fracture-internal fixation models were constructed using Mimics 19.0, Geomagic Wrap 2017, Creo 6.0, and other software: horizontal plates, vertical plates, traditional Y-shaped plate, and personalized Y-shaped plate. The models were then meshed using Hypermesh 14.0 software, and material properties and boundary conditions were defined in Abaqus 6.14 software. AnyBody 7.3 software was used to simulate elbow flexion and extension movements, calculate muscle strength, joint forces, and load torques, and compare the peak stress and maximum displacement of the four fixation methods at different motion angles (10°, 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, 110°, 130°, 150°) during elbow flexion and extension. RESULTS: Under dynamic loading during elbow flexion and extension, the personalized Y-shaped plate exhibits significant biomechanical advantages. During elbow flexion, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (28.8±0.9) MPa, which was significantly lower than that of the horizontal plates, vertical plates, and traditional Y-shaped plate ( P<0.05). During elbow extension, the peak internal fixation stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was (18.1±1.6) MPa, which was lower than those of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with horizontal plates and vertical plates ( P<0.05). Regarding the peak humeral stress, the personalized Y-shaped plate model showed mean values of (10.9±0.8) and (13.1±1.4) MPa during elbow flexion and extension, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the other three models ( P<0.05). Displacement analysis showed that the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate during elbow flexion was (2.03±0.08) mm, slightly higher than that of the horizontal plates, but significantly lower than that of the vertical plates, showing significant differences ( P<0.05). During elbow extension, the maximum displacement of the humerus with the personalized Y-shaped plate was (1.93±0.13) mm, which was lower than that of the other three models, with significant differences when compared with vertical plates and traditional Y-shaped plates ( P<0.05). Stress contour analysis showed that the stress of the personalized Y-shaped plate was primarily concentrated at the bifurcation of the Y-shaped structure. Displacement contour analysis showed that the personalized Y-shaped plate effectively controlled the displacement of the distal humerus during both flexion and extension, demonstrating excellent stability. CONCLUSION The personalized Y-shaped plate demonstrates excellent biomechanical performance in the treatment of distal humeral intra-articular fractures, with lower stress and displacement, providing more stable fixation effects.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Healthy Volunteers ; Finite Element Analysis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Models, Anatomic ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humeral Fractures, Distal/surgery* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Bone Plates ; Computer Simulation ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Elbow Joint/surgery* ; Elbow/surgery* ; Humerus/surgery* ; Torque ; Stress, Mechanical ; Intra-Articular Fractures/surgery* ; Prosthesis Design/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application progress and clinical value of digital technologies in the surgical treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: By systematically reviewing domestic and international literature, the study summarized the specific application scenarios, operational procedures, and technical advantages of digital technologies [including preoperative three-dimensional (3D) planning, intraoperative real-time navigation, robot-assisted surgery, and 3D printing] in AS surgery, and analyzed their impact on surgical accuracy, complication rates, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Digital technologies significantly improve the precision and safety of AS surgery. Preoperative 3D planning enables personalized surgical protocols; intraoperative navigation systems dynamically adjusts surgical trajectories, reducing the risk of iatrogenic injury; robot-assisted surgery can minimize human errors and enhance implant positioning accuracy; 3D-printed anatomical models and guides optimize the correction of complex spinal deformities. Furthermore, the combined applications of these technologies shorten operative time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, decrease postoperative complications (e.g., infection, nerve injury), and accelerate functional recovery. CONCLUSION Through multidimensional integration and innovation, digital technologies provide a precise and minimally invasive solution for AS surgical treatment. Future research should focus on their synergy with biomaterials and intelligent algorithms to further refine surgical strategies and improve long-term prognosis.
Humans ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnostic imaging* ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Digital Technology ; Models, Anatomic

OBJECTIVE: To establish digital model of Ideberg typeⅡregional glenoid fracture anatomical plate with 3D metal printing technology. METHODS: The scapular imaging data of a 34-year-old healthy male volunteer were retrospectively selected. Mimics 15.01, NX 12.0 and other software were used to design Ideberg typeⅡ regional scapular fracture guide plate system. STL data were input into a metal 3D printer to print 1∶1 scapular model and anatomical plate of scapular pelvis with guide sleeve. The fit of the plate was tested in vitro and the accuracy of the screw position was evaluated by imaging. The printing time of scapular model, design of the nail path and making time of the anatomic guided plate were recorded. RESULTS: 3D metal-printed Ideberg typeⅡ guide plate for scapular fracture fitted well to 3D printed scapular model, the locking screw was oriented accurately, and X-ray and CT showed good screw position. The printing time of scapula model, time of nail path design and special-shaped anatomical guide plate production were 52.0, 15.0 and 320 min, respectively. CONCLUSION Anatomical plates based on 3D metal printing technology could achieve good adhesion of Ideberg typeⅡ regional fractures and precise screw placement, providing a new and accurate surgical method for the treatment of Ideberg typeⅡ glenoid fractures.
Humans ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging* ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Pelvic Bones/surgery* ; Metals ; Scapula/surgery* ; Models, Anatomic

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct a three-dimensional model of female urinary system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomography angiography (CTA) data. METHODS: MRI and CTA datasets were collected from 20 patients in our department in 2018 for reconstructing 3D models of the bladder urethra in resting state using Mimics19.0 software combined with engineering software. The metric parameters of the bladder urethra were analyzed in the reconstructed 3D model. RESULTS: The bladder and urethra were successfully reconstructed using 10 MRI datasets, and the kidney, ureter and bladder were reconstructed using 10 CTA datasets. Using engineering software, we measured a number of cysto-urethral geometric parameters, including the cysto-urethral posterior angle (151.1±17.9°), beta angle (137.3±14.0°), urethral pubic angle (47.8± 12.1°), urethral tilt angle (21.5±7.3°), alpha angle (83.8±13.8°), the posterior pubic space (15.3±3.0 mm), and the urethral striated muscle thickness (2.6±0.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomical model of the human urinary system provides a platform for studying the fine anatomy of the female urinary system and allows measurement of multiple parameters to better understand the functional differences of the bladder and urethra in different populations.
Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Anatomic ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethra ; diagnostic imaging ; Urinary Bladder ; diagnostic imaging

A clinical information navigation system based on 3D human body model is designed. The system extracts the key information of diagnosis and treatment of patients by searching the historical medical records, and stores the focus information in a predefined structured patient instance. In addition, the rule mapping is established between the patient instance and the three-dimensional human body model, the focus information is visualized on the three-dimensional human body model, and the trend curve can be drawn according to the change of the focus, meanwhile, the key diagnosis and treatment information and the original report reference function are provided. The system can support the analysis, storage and visualization of various types of reports, improve the efficiency of doctors' retrieval of patient information, and reduce the treatment time.
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Medical Informatics Applications ; Models, Anatomic ; Software

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct a three-dimensional model of female urinary system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tomography angiography (CTA) data. METHODS: MRI and CTA datasets were collected from 20 patients in our department in 2018 for reconstructing 3D models of the bladder urethra in resting state using Mimics19.0 software combined with engineering software. The metric parameters of the bladder urethra were analyzed in the reconstructed 3D model. RESULTS: The bladder and urethra were successfully reconstructed using 10 MRI datasets, and the kidney, ureter and bladder were reconstructed using 10 CTA datasets. Using engineering software, we measured a number of cysto-urethral geometric parameters, including the cysto-urethral posterior angle (151.1±17.9°), beta angle (137.3±14.0°), urethral pubic angle (47.8± 12.1°), urethral tilt angle (21.5±7.3°), alpha angle (83.8±13.8°), the posterior pubic space (15.3±3.0 mm), and the urethral striated muscle thickness (2.6±0.6 mm). CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomical model of the human urinary system provides a platform for studying the fine anatomy of the female urinary system and allows measurement of multiple parameters to better understand the functional differences of the bladder and urethra in different populations.
Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Anatomic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder

Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology, the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery. In nasal cartilage-related surgery, the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals, rationalization of surgical methods, precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor-patient communication. Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications, including research on computational modelling technology, computational simulation technology, virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology. These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further. In this review, we summarize the advantages, latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research. The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
Computer Simulation ; Face ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Nasal Cartilages ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Nose ; surgery ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Rhinoplasty ; trends

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect at present. In recent years, the application of 3D printing in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD has been widely recognized, which presents CHD lesions in 3D solid model and provides a better understanding of the anatomy of CHD. In the future, 3D printing technology would improve the surgical proficiency, shorten the operation time, reduce the occurrence of perioperative complications, and create more personalized cardiovascular implants, therefore promote the precision of diagnosis and treatment for congenital heart disease. This article reviews the application of 3D printing technology in preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation and personalized implants of CHD, in surgical training and medical education, as well as in promoting doctor-patient communication and better understanding their condition for patients.
Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Preoperative Care ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Inter atrial block (IAB) is a prevailing cardiac conduction abnormality that is under-recognized in clinical practice. IAB has strong association with atrial arrhythmia, left atrial enlargement, and electromechanical discordance, increasing the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial ischemia. IAB was generally believed to be caused by impaired conduction along the Bachmann bundle (BB). However, there are three other conduction pathways, including the fibers posteriorly in the vicinity of the right pulmonary veins (VRPV), transseptal fibers in the fossa ovalis (FO), and muscular bundles on the inferior atrial surface near the coronary sinus (CS). We hypothesized that the importance of BB on IAB might have been overestimated. To test this hypothesis, various combinations of conduction pathway blocks were simulated based on a realistic human atrial model to investigate their effects on the index of clinical diagnosis standard of IAB using a simulated 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Firstly, the results showed that the BB block alone could not generate typical P wave morphology of IAB, and that the combination of BB and VRPV pathway block played important roles in the occurrence of IAB. Secondly, although single FO and CS pathways play subordinate roles in inter atrial conduction, their combination with BB and VRPV block could also produce severe IAB. In summary, this simulation study has demonstrated that the combinations of different inter atrial conduction pathways, rather than BB alone, resulted in ECG morphology of IAB. Attention needs to be paid to this in future pathophysiological and clinical studies of IAB.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology* ; Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology* ; Computer Simulation ; Coronary Sinus/physiopathology* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of i) the extent of peri-implant bone defects and ii) the application of bone cement on implant stability with respect to the measurement direction. METHODS: In 10 bovine rib bones, 4 implant osteotomies with peri-implant bone defects of various widths were prepared: i) no defect (D0), ii) a 2-mm-wide defect (D2), iii) a 4-mm-wide defect (D4), and iv) a 8-mm-wide defect (D8). The height of all defects was 10 mm. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and Periotest values (PTVs) were measured after implant placement and bone cement application. RESULTS: With increasing defect width, decreased ISQs and increased PTVs were observed. Statistically significant differences were found between groups D0 and D8, D0 and D4, and D2 and D8. Prior to bone cement application, inconsistent PTVs were found in group D8 depending on the measurement direction. Bone cement increased the implant stability. CONCLUSION: Peri-implant bone deficits measuring around 50% of the implant surface compromised implant stability. Clinically, PTVs should be cautiously interpreted in implants with large peri-implant defects due to inconsistent recordings with respect to the measurement direction.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implants ; In Vitro Techniques ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy ; Ribs