PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between a flexible parental visiting environment and parental stress in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).METHODS: The study participants included 60 parents of premature infants in NICUs. Structured questionnaires and interviews, as well as observations by researchers using a caregiving behavior checklist, were used to measure the flexibility of the parental visiting environment and parents' stress levels. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently and were initially analyzed as separate data sets. Data collection extended from March 11, 2018 to June 30. 2018 and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients.RESULTS: There was a negative correlation (r=−.30, p=.021) between parental stress and the total number of visits in 7 days. We also found that the average duration of each visit and the number of caregiving behaviors performed by parents were positively correlated (r=.73, p<.001).CONCLUSION: When designing a flexible visiting environment for parents, parents should be encouraged to visit their babies. By doing so, stress can be reduced both for babies and for parents. Therefore, it is suggested that the related polices and regulations in South Korea should be changed to provide more a flexible visiting environment to promote better parent-child attachment and family adjustment.
Checklist ; Data Collection ; Dataset ; Family Nursing ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea ; Parents ; Pliability ; Social Control, Formal ; Stress, Psychological ; Visitors to Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to family health and develop a prediction model with an ability to explain family health in families of patients with schizophrenia.METHODS: A hypothesized model with twelve pathway forms was developed based on literature review. Family stress and social stigma were included as two exogenous variables; whereas family resilience, family empowerment, self-esteem, community integration, and family health were included as endogenous variables. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 206 families of patients with schizophrenia living in Republic of Korea. Data were analyzed with PASW/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.RESULTS: Social stigma had a negatively indirect and total effect on family health. Family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration had positive and direct and overall effects on family health.CONCLUSION: A prediction model for families of patients with schizophrenia is proposed and social stigma, family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration are presented as predicting factors for family health. Nursing interventions and support programs should be developed to overcome social stigma and improve family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration.
Community Integration ; Family Health ; Humans ; Nursing ; Power (Psychology) ; Republic of Korea ; Schizophrenia ; Social Stigma

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting on unmet healthcare needs of married immigrant women, especially who are working in South Korea. METHODS: It is designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. We analyzed data from 8,142 working married immigrant women to the ‘National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015.’ Based on Andersen's health behavior model, logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors of unmet healthcare need. RESULTS: The prevalence of unmet healthcare needs among the subjects was 11.6%. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of unmet needs included existence of preschooler, country of origin, period of residence in predisposing factors, monthly household income, helpful social relationship, social discrimination, Korean proficiency, working hour per week in enabling factors, and self-rated health, experience of grief or desperation in need factors. CONCLUSION: The association between labor-related factors and unmet healthcare needs of marriage immigrant women currently working was found from nationally representative sample. Support policies for immigrant women working more than legally defined hours and having preschooler should be supplemented to reduce unmet healthcare needs. In addition, eradicating discrimination in workplace, enlarging social relationship, and developing culturally competent nursing services tailored to health problems caused by labor are needed.
Causality ; Delivery of Health Care ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Grief ; Health Behavior ; Health Services Accessibility ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Marriage ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nursing Services ; Prevalence ; Social Discrimination ; Women, Working

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effects of the mother-medical staff partnership on mothers’ condition management ability for children with chronic allergic diseases. METHODS: A total of 109 Korean mothers caring for a child with a chronic allergic diseases, identified according to the allergic march, such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma, were recruited from the pediatric department of a general hospital in Seoul through convenience sampling. Data were collected using structured self-reported questionnaires from August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2017. and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: The Mother-medical staff partnership had a statistically significant effect on mothers' condition management ability for children with chronic allergic diseases(p < .05). Among the general characteristics, satisfaction with nursing services had a statistically significant effect on mothers’ condition management ability(p < .05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, strategies to support children with chronic allergic diseases, as well as their caregivers, should consider the mother-medical staff partnership as part of a family-centered approach.
Asthma ; Caregivers ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Disease Management ; Family Nursing ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Medical Staff ; Mothers ; Nursing Services ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of health status, marital satisfaction, and self efficacy on retirement preparation in middle aged couples using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. METHODS: Participants were 121 middle aged couples living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Daegu City, Korea. All measures were self-administered. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. RESULTS: 1) Wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed direct actor and partner effects on retirement preparation in middle aged couples. Wife's health status showed an indirect actor effect through wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation, and showed an indirect partner effect through husband's self efficacy on husband's retirement preparation. 2) Husband's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed only direct actor effect on retirement preparation. Health status among the husbands showed an indirect actor effect on husband's retirement preparation through their self efficacy and marital satisfaction, and an indirect partner effect through wife's marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation. 3) The actor effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was larger among husband's than wife's. Additionally, the partner effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was different between the two groups; however, the actor and partner effect size of self efficacy and marital satisfaction on retirement preparation was the same for husband and wife. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention strategies for improving self efficacy and marital satisfaction are strongly needed to enhance retirement preparation of middle aged couples in Korean community.
Daegu ; Family Characteristics* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status* ; Middle Aged* ; Nursing ; Retirement* ; Self Efficacy* ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccination intention among unvaccinated nursing students. METHODS: Two hundred-and-five female nursing students from three universities completed self-administered questionnaires including participants' characteristics, human papillomavirus-related knowledge, attitude toward human papillomavirus vaccination, and human papillomavirus-related health beliefs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant independent predictors of human papillomavirus vaccination intention. RESULTS: Of 205 participants, 134 (65.4%) reported an intention to obtain a vaccination against human papillomavirus. As a result of the analysis of the bivariate relationships, family history of cervix cancer, perceived needs, importance of prevention, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier were significantly related to vaccination intention. A multivariate logistic regression model identified factors of human papillomavirus vaccination intention: higher importance of prevention (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 4.20, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.73~10.19), higher perceived benefit (AOR: 6.94, 95% CI: 2.01~23.98), lower perceived barrier (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20~0.73). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated significant factors influencing the intention to obtain human papillomavirus vaccination in unvaccinated nursing students. Also, the importance of prevention, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier in obtaining human papillomavirus vaccination should be taken into account when developing educational programs.
Family Relations ; Female ; Human Characteristics ; Humans* ; Intention* ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Nursing* ; Odds Ratio ; Students, Nursing* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand and explore the essences of Korean mothers' experiences of caring for visually impaired children. METHODS: Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. Five mothers of children with visual impairments participated in the interviews. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Analysis with Colaizzi's method showed two categories which included 14 themes in 4 theme clusters. The first category was ‘surviving in the dark reality’ included 2 theme clusters, of ‘outcrying in the darkness’ and ‘enduring the darkness while caring for my child alone’. The second category was ‘living as the light of maternal affection’ including 2 theme clusters of ‘preparing the light to shine in the darkness’ and ‘going through the darkness with the lights of love’. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study provide deep understanding of mothers' experiences of caring for visually impaired children. Based on the results of the study, health professionals can develop effective family nursing interventions to improve the quality of life for these families including the visually impaired children and their mothers.
Child* ; Darkness ; Family Nursing ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Methods ; Mothers ; Quality of Life ; Vision Disorders

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers. METHODS: Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: The mean score for degree of mothers' parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother's job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother's job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse's support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother's parenting satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers' child rearing.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Education, Nonprofessional ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of knowledge, attitudes and needs of sex education in high school students. METHODS: There were 258 participants who were high school students in S high school in G city. Data were collected from October 1 to October 31, 2011, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 19.0. RESULTS: The mean score for sexual knowledge was 69.78, sexual attitudes was 63.66, and needs of sex education was 75.37. Sexual knowledge had positive correlation with needs of sex education (r=.17, p=.007). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated a need to develop programs for high school students to increase appropriate sexual knowledge, and to encourage appropriate sexual attitudes, and to reflect needs of sex education.
Delivery, Obstetric ; Family Practice ; Female ; Humans ; Patient Simulation ; Sex Education ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the differences of pregnancy outcomes according to advanced-age pregnancy among Korean women in South Korea. METHODS: This study used nursing records of 242 women who gave birth at a single women's hospital in South Korea. Data consisted of maternal obstetric history, maternal body weight, gestational age, birth types, newborn's Apgar scores, and newborn's physical measures. Data were collected between June and December of 2015. Data were analyzed using mean, percentage, t-test, chi test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated general linear model. RESULTS: The differences of obstetric characteristics according to pregnancy at maternal age over 35 years were not significant. Maternal body weight was affected not by pregnancy at advanced maternal age (F=0.10, p=0.182) but by weight before pregnancy (F=35.56, p<0.001). Pregnancy outcome concerning newborn's Apgar scores and physical measure did not differ between mothers who were at an advanced age and those who were not. Planned pregnancies were more common at maternal age ≥35 than at age <35. Natural childbirth and cesarean section in mothers at maternal age ≥35 was lower than at age <35. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that maternal weight and pregnancy outcomes of newborns were not different according to pregnancy at advanced maternal age. Type of birth was more risky than natural in advanced age. Therefore, health care provider should pay attention to the planning process, pregnancy, and birth in women with advanced maternal age.
Body Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea* ; Linear Models ; Maternal Age* ; Mothers ; Natural Childbirth ; Nursing Records ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Weight Gain*