OBJECTIVE: To propose a new protocol for personalized mandibular reconstruction assisted by three-dimensional (3D) retrieval model based on fully connected neural network (FCNN) and a database of mandibles, and to verify clinical feasibility of the protocol. METHODS: A database of mandibles of 300 normal northern Chinese Han people was established. On the basis of cephalometry, the mandible landmarks with good stability were further screened. Mandibular landmarks were selected and geometric features of the mandible were extracted. A 3D retrieval algorithm was developed, which could retrieve the mandible most similar to a given mandible from the database. A FCNN was built to train the algorithm to improve accuracy of the 3D retrieval model. Using Geomagic Control 2014 software, matching accuracy of the 3D retrieval model was based on aforementioned mandible database and algorithm. From December 2019 to March 2021, a total of 5 patients underwent personalized mandibular reconstruction assisted by a 3D retrieval model based on mandible database and FCNN in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The most similar mandible was retrieved from mandible database through 3D retrieval algorithm. It was used to restore the premorbid morphology of defect area and guide mandibular reconstruction. For the 5 patients, mandible was reconstructed with iliac flap. Virtual surgical plan was transformed using individual surgical guides. RESULTS: Through screening, mandibular landmarks with high reproducibility and stability were identified and composed of mandibular landmarker protocols. After training, the average deviation between most similar mandible retrieved from the 300-case mandible database through 3D retrieval model based on FCNN and given mandible was (1.77±0.44) mm. And the root-mean-square deviation between the most similar mandible retrieved from the database and given mandible was (2.58±0.86) mm. The mandibular reconstruction surgery was successful in all the 5 patients. Their facial symmetry and occlusion were restored. All the patients were satisfied with postoperative appearance. The mean deviation between postoperative mandible and preoperative design was (0.98±0.17) mm. The area with a deviation ≤1 mm accounted for 61.34%±14. 13%, ≤2 mm accounted for 83.82%±7.35%, and ≤3 mm accounted for 93.94%± 2.87%. CONCLUSION The personalized mandibular reconstruction assisted by 3D retrieval model based on the 300-case mandible database and FCNN is feasible clinically.
Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Mandibular Reconstruction/methods* ; Mandible/diagnostic imaging* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Adult ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Male ; Algorithms ; Middle Aged ; Cephalometry

OBJECTIVES: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is often diagnosed at a late stage due to its concealed location and exhibits marked regional clustering, posing a significant public health challenge in China. This study aims to analyze the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China using the latest 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) database, providing epidemiological evidence for precise prevention and control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were used as indicators of disease burden. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and relevant risk factors. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model were employed to project ASIR trends through 2050. RESULTS: In 2021, China's age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were 3.4/100 000, 1.5/100 000, and 48.7/100 000, respectively, all higher than the global average. Across all age groups, Chinese males exhibited higher ASIR, mortality, and DALY rates than females. From 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China decreased gradually with rising SDI. The proportion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma burden attributed to alcohol consumption, smoking, and occupational formaldehyde exposure in China exceeded global levels, especially among males. Projections from both models indicate a rising trend in ASIR for males, females, and the general population in China and globally from 2022 to 2050. CONCLUSIONS Over the past 30 years, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China has decreased with the increasing SDI values but remains higher than the global average. Furthermore, ASIR is projected to increase over the next 30 years. It is imperative for China to enhance healthcare resource allocation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, particularly among high-risk male populations.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/mortality* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality* ; Adult ; Incidence ; Global Burden of Disease ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adolescent ; Databases, Factual ; Young Adult ; Cost of Illness ; Child ; Bayes Theorem

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation of mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) during the first 24 h following intensive care unit (ICU) admission with mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and determine the optimal PaO₂ threshold for devising oxygen therapy strategies for these patients. METHODS: We collected the clinical data of ICU patients with AKI from the MIMIC-IV database. Based on the optimal first 24-h PaO₂ threshold determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index maximization principle, we classified the patients into hyperoxia group (with PaO₂ ≥137.029 mmHg) and hypoxemia group (PaO₂<137.029 mm Hg). Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching were used to evaluate the correlation of first 24-h PaO₂ levels with in-hospital mortality of the patients. RESULTS: Among the 18 335 patients, 46.7% were in the hyperoxia group, who had an overall mortality rate of 16.9%. The optimal PaO₂ threshold (137.029 mm Hg) had a sensitivity of 78.3%, a specificity of 63.7%, and an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74=0.78). Hyperoxia within the first 24 h after ICU admission was associated with a significantly lower in-hospital mortality (OR=0.78) and 90-day mortality (OR=0.77), particularly in stage 1 AKI patients. A non-linear relationship was identified between PaO₂ and mortality of the patients (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated a significantly increased 90-day survival rate in the patients in hyperoxia group (P<0.001), who also had shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, less vasopressor use, and shorter lengths of hospital/ICU stay. CONCLUSIONS Maintenance of a PaO₂ level ≥137.029 mmHg within 24 h after ICU admission may improve clinical outcomes of critically ill AKI patients, which underscores the importance of targeted oxygen delivery in ICU care.
Humans ; Acute Kidney Injury/blood* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Intensive Care Units ; Aged ; Oxygen/blood* ; Hospital Mortality ; Partial Pressure ; Adult ; Databases, Factual

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the prognosis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) among different races using the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. METHODS: We analyzed the data of patients with gastric SRCC from the SEER database from 2000 to 2020, and divided the patients into cohorts of whites, blacks, Asians or Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaska Natives according to their race. The prognosis and treatment of the cohorts were evaluated using baseline demographic analysis, Kamplan-Meier survival curve, and nomogram analysis. RESULTS: We analyzed the data of a total of 2058 patients, including 8.6% blacks, 72.4% whites, 16.6% Asians or Pacific Islanders, 1.0% American Indians/Alaska Natives, and 1.4% other races. The tumor grade varied among different races, and the prevalence and survival rates of patients differed significantly across races. The differences in the white cohort were the most prominent, and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Racial differences were also noted in patient management and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS There are racial differences in tumor grades and prognosis of gastric SRCC, and these differences provide evidence for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this malignancy.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/therapy* ; Databases, Factual ; Prognosis ; Racial Groups ; SEER Program ; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy* ; Survival Rate ; United States/epidemiology* ; White ; Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ; American Indian or Alaska Native ; Black or African American

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of albumin (Alb) administration on the prognosis of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: Clinical data of AKI patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively analyzed from the American Medical Information Mart of Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV), including demographic data, acute physiology score (APS), comorbidities, vital signs, laboratory indicators, treatment status, ICU length of stay, and outcome indicators. The main outcome measure is ICU mortality. AKI patients were divided into Alb infusion group and Alb non infusion group based on whether they received Alb treatment. Multiple imputation was used to process missing data and eliminate variables that missing more than 30%. To ensure the stability of the results, propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability weighting (IPW) were used to correct the results. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the effect of Alb infusion on ICU survival rate in AKI patients. Perform subgroup analysis based on patient age, gender, and comorbidities to evaluate the prognostic effects of Alb on different patient subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 6 390 AKI patients were included, including 1 721 in the Alb infusion group and 4 669 in the Alb non infusion group. After adjusting for key covariates in the Cox regression model, compared with the Alb non infusion group, patients in the Alb infusion group were significantly younger in age, with APS III score, proportion of vasoactive drugs and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) use, sepsis proportion, heart rate, respiratory frequency, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), lactic acid (Lac), and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) levels significantly higher. The proportion of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure, as well as blood pressure, urine output, platelet count (PLT), and Alb levels were significantly lower. The results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis on the raw data showed that the risk of death in the Alb infusion group was significantly lower than that in the Alb non infusion group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.60-0.80, all P < 0.05]. The results after propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability weighting (IPW) processing are consistent with the original data trend (both P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative survival rate during ICU stay in the Alb infusion group was significantly higher than that in the Alb non infusion group (24.48% vs. 12.17%, Log-Rank test: χ² = 74.26, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis shows that Alb infusion has a more significant survival benefit for AKI patients who use vasoactive drugs, have concurrent sepsis, and do not have liver disease. CONCLUSION Albumin infusion can decrease the ICU mortality of AKI patients.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality* ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Intensive Care Units ; Albumins/therapeutic use* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Adult ; Databases, Factual

Natural products (NPs) have long held a significant position in various fields such as medicine, food, agriculture, and materials. The chemical space covered by NPs is extensive but often underexplored. Therefore, high-throughput and efficient methodologies for the annotation and discovery of NPs are desired to address the complexity and diversity of NP-based systems. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a powerful platform for the annotation and discovery of NPs. MS databases provide vital support for the structural characterization of NPs by integrating extensive mass spectral data and sample information. Additionally, the released annotation methodologies, based on a variety of informatics tools, continuously improve the ability to annotate the structure and properties of compounds. This review examines the current mainstream databases and annotation methodologies, focusing on their advantages and limitations. Prospects for future technological advancements are then discussed in terms of novel applications and research objectives. Through a systematic overview, this review aims to provide valuable insights and a reference for MS-based NPs annotation, thereby promoting the discovery of novel natural entities.
Biological Products/chemistry* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Humans

Biomanufacturing is an advanced manufacturing method that integrates biology, chemistry, and engineering. It utilizes renewable biomass and biological organisms as production media to scale up the production of target products through fermentation. Compared with petrochemical routes, biomanufacturing offers significant advantages in reducing CO₂ emissions, lowering energy consumption, and cutting costs. With the development of systems biology and synthetic biology and the accumulation of bioinformatics data, the integration of information technologies such as artificial intelligence, large models, and high-performance computing with biotechnology is propelling biomanufacturing into a data-driven era. This paper reviews the latest research progress on databases, knowledge bases, and large language models for biomanufacturing. It explores the development directions, challenges, and emerging technical methods in this field, aiming to provide guidance and inspiration for scientific research in related areas.
Biotechnology/methods* ; Knowledge Bases ; Synthetic Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Artificial Intelligence ; Systems Biology ; Computational Biology ; Fermentation

Objective: To analyze the global epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality data of RCC in the cooperative database GLOBOCAN 2020 of International Agency for Research on Cancer of WHO and the human development index (HDI) published by the United Nations Development Programme in 2020 were collated. The crude incidence rate (CIR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and mortality/incidence ratio (M/I) of RCC were calculated. Kruskale-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in ASIR or ASMR among HDI countries. Results: In 2020, the global ASIR of RCC was 4.6/100 000, of which 6.1/100 000 for males and 3.2/100 000 for females and ASIR was higher in very high and high HDI countries than that in medium and low HDI countries. With the rapid increase of age after the age of 20, the growth rate of ASIR in males was faster than that in females, and slowed down at the age of 70 to 75. The truncation incidence rate of 35-64 years old was 7.5/100 000 and the cumulative incidence risk of 0-74 years old was 0.52%. The global ASMR of RCC was 1.8/100 000, 2.5/100 000 for males and 1.2/100 000 for females. The ASMR of males in very high and high HDI countries (2.4/100 000-3.7/100 000) was about twice that of males (1.1/100 000-1.4/100 000) in medium and low HDI countries, while the ASMR of female (0.6/100 000-1.5/100 000) did not show significant difference. ASMR continued to increase rapidly with age after the age of 40, and the growth rate of males was faster than that of females. The truncation mortality rate of 35-64 years old was 2.1/100 000, and the cumulative mortality risk of 0-74 years old was 0.20%. M/I decreases with the increase of HDI, with M/I as 0.58 in China, which was higher than the global average of 0.39 and the United States' 0.17. Conclusion: The ASIR and ASMR of RCC presented significant regional and gender disparities globally, and the heaviest burden was in very high HDI countries.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Databases, Factual ; China ; Kidney Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Global Health

Objective: To understand the status of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohort studies and explore the feasibility of constructing ASD disease-specific cohorts based on real-world data (RWD). Methods: ASD cohort studies published by December 2022 were collected by literature retrieval from major Chinese and English databases. And the characteristics of the cohort were summarized. Results: A total of 1 702 ASD cohort studies were included, and only 60 (3.53%) were from China. A total of 163 ASD-related cohorts were screened, of which 55.83% were birth cohorts, 28.22% were ASD-specific cohorts, and 4.91% were ASD high-risk cohorts. Most cohorts used RWD such as hospital registries or conducted community-based field surveys to obtain participant information and identified patients with ASD by scales or clinical diagnoses. The contents of the studies included ASD incidence and prognostic risk factors, ASD comorbidity patterns and the impact of ASD on self-health and their offspring's health. Conclusions: ASD cohort studies in developed countries have been in the advanced stage, while the Chinese studies are still in their infancy. RWD provides the data basis for ASD-specific cohort construction and offers new opportunities for research, but work such as case validation is still needed to ensure the scientific nature of cohort construction.
Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Cohort Studies ; Databases, Factual

Artificial intelligence revealed its application prospects that could bring change in oral medicine. Artificial intelligence related papers in oral medicine field increased year by year since the 1990s. In order to provide reference for further research, the literature on artificial intelligence studies and its application in oral medicine were retrieved from multiple databases and summarized. The evolution of hot spots on artificial intelligence and related state of the art technology in oral medicine were analyzed.
Artificial Intelligence ; Databases, Factual ; Oral Medicine ; Technology ; Humans