OBJECTIVE: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea.MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions.RESULTS: Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006).CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.
Cooperative Behavior ; Coronavirus ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pneumonia ; Radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cooperative Behavior ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Oceania ; Taiwan ; Thailand ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Abdomen ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The causal association of human papillomavirus (HPV) in uterine cervical cancer was well established and this oncogenic virus was reported to be a biomarker for overall recurrence and central pelvic recurrence. The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the role of HPV DNA testing in early detection of recurrence among cervical cancer survivors after radiotherapy.METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by means of searching electronic databases for published articles between January 1984 and June 2018, on the basis of standard systematic review guidelines prescribed by major agencies namely Cochrane Collaboration (https://www.cochrane.org) and Campbell Collaboration (https://www.campbellcollaboration.org). The meta-analysis component was further modified appropriately for the synthesis of sensitivity and specificity results.RESULTS: A total of 1,055 cervical cancer cases who had received pelvic radiation with or without chemotherapy from ten cohort studies were evaluated. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of HPV DNA testing was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.66–0.94) and 0.35 (95% CI=0.20–0.54) respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 1.3 (95% CI=1.0–1.7) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.45 (95% CI=0.18–1.10) with an estimated diagnostic odds ratio of 3 (95% CI=1–9).CONCLUSION: The screening for HPV DNA testing during follow-up facilitates early detection of recurrence after radiotherapy.
Cervix Uteri ; Cohort Studies ; Cooperative Behavior ; DNA ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Oncogenic Viruses ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Survivors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing rapidly in Korea. Approximately one-third of patients with IBD appear to develop extra-intestinal manifestations with the skin being one of the most commonly affected organs. They may precede, occur simultaneously, or follow the diagnosis of IBD. In addition, they may parallel with the luminal symptoms or independent from the disease activity of IBD. This review outlines the skin manifestations associated with IBD and discusses their management. Skin manifestations should be managed in close collaboration with a dermatologist.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Korea ; Phenobarbital ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study.METHODS: A social skills development program based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group.RESULTS: Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using “I” language, and applied rules more consistently after the program.CONCLUSION: This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacher/nurse collaboration.
Child ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Social Skills ; Violence

The creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation can be calculated according to race, sex, and creatinine concentration (subgroup equation) or in the form expressed by one equation (single equation). Minor differences in the constants used in the CKD-EPI equations (subgroup vs single equations) could result in a significant difference in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We evaluated the impact of this difference in 79,709 Korean patients. The eGFR was calculated as an integer using the single and subgroup CKD-EPI equations. The differences in eGFR and GFR categories between the equations were analyzed. eGFR was higher in the subgroup equation than the single equation by 1 mL/min/1.73 m² for 12,476 (27.4%) Korean females. The GFR category based on the subgroup equation was reclassified using the single equation for 352 (0.77%) females. Based on the results, the constant of the single equation was optimized. There was no difference in eGFR values between equations using a multiplier of 1.0213 instead of 1.018 for the “white or other” females constant in the single CKD-EPI equation. Clinicians should carefully apply the CKD-EPI equation because eGFR values may differ by 1 mL/min/1.73 m² depending on the manner of calculation. To minimize these differences, the constants of the single equation should be revised.
Continental Population Groups ; Cooperative Behavior ; Creatinine ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

PURPOSE: The purposes of the present study were to review published studies that investigated arthroscopic meniscus repair to treat meniscus injury in young patients and to compare all-inside and inside-out suture techniques. METHODS: Various electronic databases were queried for published articles, and this search was updated in August 2017 for evaluating the outcomes of arthroscopic meniscus surgery in young patients. Data search, extraction, analysis, and quality assessment were performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated using various outcome values in young patients according to suture techniques. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials and three prospective comparative studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes such as meniscus healing rate (risk ratio [RR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.37; I²=39%) and perioperative complications (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.72; I²=43%) between all-inside and inside-out techniques for meniscus repair. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows favorable results for clinical outcomes such as meniscus healing rate and perioperative complications in young patients. Furthermore, based on our results, both all-inside and inside-out meniscal suture techniques are equally effective in these patients.
Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Knee ; Prospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Tears

Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a point-of-care viscoelastic method and enables to assess viscoelastic profiles of whole blood in various clinical settings. ROTEM-guided bleeding management has become an essential part of patient blood management (PBM) which is an important concept in improving patient safety. Here, ROTEM testing and hemostatic interventions should be linked by evidence-based, setting-specific algorithms adapted to the specific patient population of the hospitals and the local availability of hemostatic interventions. Accordingly, ROTEM-guided algorithms implement the concept of personalized or precision medicine in perioperative bleeding management (‘theranostic’ approach). ROTEM-guided PBM has been shown to be effective in reducing bleeding, transfusion requirements, complication rates, and health care costs. Accordingly, several randomized-controlled trials, meta-analyses, and health technology assessments provided evidence that using ROTEM-guided algorithms in bleeding patients resulted in improved patient's safety and outcomes including perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, the implementation of ROTEM in the PBM concept requires adequate technical and interpretation training, education and logistics, as well as interdisciplinary communication and collaboration.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Health Care Costs ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Methods ; Mortality ; Organization and Administration ; Patient Safety ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Precision Medicine ; Technology Assessment, Biomedical ; Thrombelastography

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Several studies have suggested that obesity is associated with early renal dysfunction. However, little is known about the relationship between obesity phenotypes and early renal function decline. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between obesity phenotypes and early renal function decline in adults without hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of clinical and anthropometric data from 1,219 patients who underwent a routine health checkup in 2014. We excluded adults with cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or low glomerular filtration rate (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Renal function was determined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose had an association with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol intake, the odds ratios of the metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obese phenotypes for the presence of low estimated glomerular filtration rates were 1.807 (95% confidence interval, 1.009–3.236) and 1.834 (95% confidence interval, 1.162–2.895), compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. However, the metabolically healthy obese phenotype did not show a significant association with early renal function decline. CONCLUSION: In this cross-sectional study, we confirmed the association between the metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obese phenotypes and early kidney function decline in adults without hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; Epidemiology ; Fasting ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests ; Lipoproteins ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference