Duplication of common bile duct is a rare anatomic congenital anomaly of the biliary tree that may present with many types. Such cases are usually clinically silent unless presented with other concomitant conditions that may also be symptomatic in normal variants. Obstruction of the duplicated common bile ducts due to bile duct stones or choledocholithiasis have also been seldom reported. Hence, we present a case of a 42-year-old female, presenting with abdominal pain and jaundice, with incidental finding of duplication of common bile duct Type IV, with choledocholithiases of duplicates on intra-operative cholangiogram. This will be the first in its kind to adequately document and report the intra-operative findings of this anatomic congenital anomaly in our locale.

Human ; Female ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Choledocholithiasis ; Cholangiography ; Common Bile Duct ; Biliary Tract ; Bile Ducts ; Abdominal Pain ; Bile

We present the case of a patient with biliary and duodenal atresia who showed false-negative hepatobiliary scintigraphy results. The patient was born at 37 weeks and 2 days of gestation. Her mother had undergone amnioreduction after detection of a double-bubble ultrasound sign in the fetal abdomen. At 2 days of age, total serum bilirubin level was elevated. On hepatobiliary scintigraphy 4 days later, the gallbladder was visualized from 30 min and it showed duodeno-gastric reflux at 240 min. After 24 h, the radiotracer was almost washed out in the hepatic parenchyma, but there was retention in the gastroduodenal junction. Because the biliary to duodenal transit was visible, biliary atresia seemed unlikely. Abdominal ultrasonography at 7 days of age showed a small dysmorphic gallbladder, but triangular cord sign was not definite. Magnetic resonance cholangiography revealed atretic gallbladder. Although cystic and common bile ducts were visible, the proximal common hepatic bile duct was not visible. The next day, serum total bilirubin levels remained elevated (17.1 mg/dl) with direct bilirubin level of 1.2 mg/dl. Kasai portoenterostomy with duodeno-duodenostomy was performed at 10 days of age. Histopathological evaluation showed a fibrous obliteration of the common bile duct, consistent with that of biliary atresia.
Abdomen ; Bile Ducts ; Biliary Atresia ; Bilirubin ; Cholangiography ; Common Bile Duct ; Duodenogastric Reflux ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Ultrasonography

Sclerosing cholangitis (SC) is defined as a condition with progressive stenosis and destruction of the bile ducts due to diffuse inflammation and fibrosis and currently includes three categories: primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), secondary cholangitis, and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). SC categories share similar clinical features, such as cholestasis. Patients with SC present with cholestatic symptoms, including jaundice and pruritus, and blood tests reveal elevation of cholestatic enzymes. Cholangiography, endoscopic or magnetic, is inevitably required for making a diagnosis. Although the presentation of IgG4-SC and PSC are similar, the comorbidities, treatment response, and outcomes differ significantly, and therefore, it is strongly advisable to be familiar with these two diseases to make a correct diagnosis. Differentiation of cholangiocarcinoma from IgG4-SC and PSC is also extremely important. In this review, the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, treatment and outcomes of IgG4-SC and PSC will be outlined based on experience mainly from Japan.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Cholestasis ; Comorbidity ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Fibrosis ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation ; Japan ; Jaundice ; Pruritus

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare benign disease with a prevalence of 0.16–3.4% and is characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and extensive fibrosis in the adipose tissue of the mesentery although the exact pathogenesis is still elusive. A 65-year-old woman was referred with suspicion of an abdominal mass and biliary stones on abdominal ultrasonography and CT. Bile duct stones were confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography and successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with stone removal. Furthermore, a 4.7 cm conglomerated mass on small intestinal mesentery was suspected as sclerosing mesenteritis based on the features on abdominal MRI. However, because it could not be differentiated from malignancy without histologic examination, laparoscopic excisional biopsy was performed; it showed only inflammatory cells with extensive fibrosis. Therefore, the abdominal mass was confirmed as sclerosing fibrosis and the patient was followed-up without any treatments because no mass-related symptoms accompanied the findings. Six months later, abdominal CT showed no significant change in the mass. Herein, we report a rare case of incidentally found idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis.
Adipose Tissue ; Aged ; Bile Ducts ; Biopsy ; Cholangiography ; Endosonography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins* ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesentery ; Panniculitis, Peritoneal ; Prevalence ; Sclerosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary complications are the most common donor complication following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term outcomes of biliary complications in right lobe adult-to-adult LDLT donors, and to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment of these donors. METHODS: The medical charts of right lobe donors who developed biliary complications between June 2000 and January 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of 337 right lobe donors, 49 developed biliary complications, including 36 diagnosed with biliary leakage and 13 with biliary stricture. Multivariate analysis showed that biliary leakage was associated with the number of right lobe bile duct orifices. Sixteen donors, five with leakage and 11 with strictures, underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). ERC was clinically successful in treating eight of the 11 strictures, one by balloon dilatation and seven by endobiliary stenting. Of the remained three, two were treated by rescue percutaneous biliary drainage and one by conservative care. Of the five patients with leakage, four were successfully treated using endobiliary stents and one with conservative care. In overall, total 35 improved with conservative treatment. All inserted stents were successfully retrieved after a median 264 days (range, 142 to 502) and there were no recurrences of stricture or leakages during a median follow-up of 10.6 years (range, 8 to 15.2). CONCLUSIONS: All donors with biliary complications were successfully treated non-surgically, with most improving after endoscopic placement of endobiliary stents and none showing recurrence on long term follow-up.
Bile Ducts ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Living Donors* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Tissue Donors*

No abstract available.
Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Catheterization ; Duodenoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Common Bile Duct ; Bile Ducts ; Duodenum ; Liver ; Cholangiography ; Mucous Membrane

Acute obstructive cholangitis due to the migration of necrotized tumor fragment(s) has been rarely reported after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We report an unusual case of it, which was demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. We suggest that in the setting of acute biliary obstruction after TACE with a CT-demonstrated new intraductal soft tissue lesion with or without a radiopaque portion, along with no or less visualization of a previous tumor located inside or near the duct, the possibility of intraductal migration of a necrotic tumor fragment should be considered. Both clinicians and radiologists should become familiar with this condition because it may be ignored or misinterpreted as biliary calculi.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis ; Cholestasis ; Gallstones

Near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIRFC) is an emerging technique for easy intraoperative recognition of biliary anatomy. We present a case of cystic duct variation detected by NIRFC which had a potential risk for biliary injury if not detected. A 32-year-old female was admitted to the Seoul St. Mary's Hospital for surgery for an incidental gallbladder polyp. We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with NIRFC. In fluorescence mode, a long cystic duct and an accessory short hepatic duct joining to the cystic duct were found and the operation was completed safely. The patient recovered successfully. NIRFC is expected to be a promising procedure that will help minimize biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Adult ; Cholangiography* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Cystic Duct* ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Gallbladder ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Polyps ; Seoul

Although asymptomatic bile duct dilatation was commonly found in clinical practice due to the development of imaging devices and frequent health screening examination, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between normal and abnormal. In evaluating the cause of bile duct dilatation, comprehensive approach should be accompanied, instead of determining by using any one of imaging modalities. Before diagnosing bile duct dilatation, physiologic changes due to aging and history of biliary operation might be considered. The acceptable range for normal diameter of bile duct is 7-8 mm in transabdominal ultrasonography and less than 10 mm in cholangiography. However, the diameter of bile duct in elderly is acceptable up to 10 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Among patients with incidentally found bile duct dilation, further additional image studies are required to confirm the cause of bile duct dilatation in case of presence of symptom and abnormal liver function test. Meanwhile, the truly asymptomatic patient with normal liver enzyme profiles should be followed closely with clinical and laboratory follow-up to help decide whether any additional imaging would be appropriate.
Aged ; Aging ; Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Cholangiography ; Dilatation* ; Endosonography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Function Tests ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography

We report a neonatal case of “intraluminal” pyloric duplication cyst, causing gastric obstruction after birth. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal cystic lesion approximately 15 mm in size arising from the anterior and inferior surfaces of the pylorus obliterating the pyloric canal. After laparotomy, intraoperative cholangiography was performed, which documented no communication between the cyst and the bilio-pancreatic duct. Gastrotomy was performed transversally over the antrum, and the cyst delivered through the incision. The cyst was incised, the upper part of the cyst wall removed, and a mucosectomy performed on the inner cyst wall of the lower part. The mucosa and muscle of the margin of the cyst were approximated. At follow up of 10 months, the patient is well without any sign of gastric obstruction.
Cholangiography ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laparotomy ; Mucous Membrane ; Parturition ; Pylorus