Objective: This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged < 3 years in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China. A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0-35 months were included in the study. Data on sleep arrangements, soothing methods, and sleep problems (i.e., frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep) were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. The reasons for bed-sharing in sleep arrangements were recorded using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: The bed-sharing practice was very prevalent at any age, which ranged from 69.9% to 78.3%. Most infants fell asleep while feeding or being rocked/held before age 12 months. By age 35 months, 62.4% of the children fell asleep in bed near parents. The most common reasons for bed-sharing were breastfeeding/feeding and convenience. Parental involvement when falling asleep was significantly related with frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep. No association was found between bed-sharing and sleep. Conclusion Bed-sharing and parental involvement were very common among Chinese children aged < 3 years. Children who fall asleep with parental involvement were more likely to have sleep problems.
Asians ; Beds ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Hygiene ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Sleep posture recognition is the core index of diagnosis and treatment of positional sleep apnea syndrome. In order to detect body postures noninvasively, we developed a portable approach for sleep posture recognition using BCG signals with their morphological difference. A type of piezo-electric polymer film sensor was applied to the mattress to acquire BCG, the discrete wavelet transform with cubic B-spline was used to extract characteristic parameters and a naive Bayes learning phase was adapted to predict body postures. Eleven healthy subjects participated in the sleep simulation experiments. The results indicate that the mean error obtained from heart rates was 0.04±1.3 beats/min (±1.96 SD). The final recognition accuracy of four basic sleep postures exceeded 97%, and the average value was 97.9%. This measuring system is comfortable and accurate, which can be streamlined for daily sleep monitoring application.
Bayes Theorem ; Beds ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; instrumentation ; Posture ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive material that is formed as the decay product of uranium and thorium, and is estimated to contribute to approximately half of the average annual natural background radiation. When inhaled, it damages the lungs during radioactive decay and affects the human body. Through many epidemiological studies regarding occupational exposure among miners and residential exposure among the general population, radon has been scientifically proven to cause lung cancer, and radon exposure is the second most common cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoking. However, it is unclear whether radon exposure causes diseases other than lung cancer. Media reports have often dealt with radon exposure in relation to health problems, although public attention has been limited to a one-off period. However, recently in Korea, social interest and concern about radon exposure and its health effects have increased greatly due to mass media reports of high concentrations of radon being released from various close-to-life products, such as mattresses and beauty masks. Accordingly, this review article is intended to provide comprehensive scientific information regarding the health effects of radon exposure.
Background Radiation ; Beauty ; Beds ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Human Body ; Inhalation Exposure ; Korea ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Masks ; Mass Media ; Miners ; Occupational Exposure ; Radon ; Smoking ; Thorium ; Uranium

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of daily vacuuming of mattresses on the concentration of house dust mite (HDM) allergens and on allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms in children sensitized to HDM. METHODS: Forty children between the ages of 6 and 12 years with mild persistent AR and sensitized only to HDM were enrolled and randomly allocated to 2 groups. Caregivers of children in the experimental group cleaned the children's rooms and vacuumed their mattresses daily for 2 weeks. Caregivers of children in the control group cleaned the children's rooms without vacuuming mattresses. Symptoms of AR were checked weekly and dust samples were collected from the mattresses before and after the study. RESULTS: Demographics at the beginning of the study were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In the experimental group, symptoms of AR and dust weight were significantly decreased after 2 weeks (total symptoms of AR, P <0.001; sneezing, P < 0.001; rhinorrhea, P <0.001; nasal obstruction, P < 0.001; itching, P <0.001; and dust weight, P = 0.006). The concentrations of HDM allergens were not changed significantly (Der p1, P = 0.333; Der f1, P = 0.841). In the control group, there were no significant changes in symptoms of AR, dust weight, or the concentration of HDM allergens. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that daily vacuuming of mattresses reduced dust weight and symptoms of AR. However, the concentration of HDM allergens did not significantly decrease.
Allergens ; Beds ; Caregivers ; Child ; Demography ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Dust ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pruritus ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Sneezing ; Vacuum

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive material formed by the slow decay of uranium and thorium found in the earth's crust or construction materials. Internal exposure to radon accounts for about half of the natural background radiation dose to which humans are exposed annually. Radon is a carcinogen and is the second leading cause of lung cancer following smoking. An association between radon and lung cancer has been consistently reported in epidemiological studies on mine workers and the general population with indoor radon exposure. However, associations have not been clearly established between radon and other diseases, such as leukemia and thyroid cancer. Radiation doses are assessed by applying specific dose conversion coefficients according to the source (e.g., radon or thoron) and form of exposure (e.g., internal or external). However, regardless of the source or form of exposure, the effects of a given estimated dose on human health are identical, assuming that individuals have the same sensitivity to radiation. Recently, radiation exceeding the annual dose limit of the general population (1 mSv/yr) was detected in bed mattresses produced by D company due to the use of a monazite-based anion powder containing uranium and thorium. This has sparked concerns about the health hazards for mattress users caused by radiation exposure. In light of this event, this study presents scientific information about the assessment of radon and thoron exposure and its human implications for human health, which have emerged as a recent topic of interest and debate in society.
Background Radiation ; Beds ; Carcinogens ; Construction Materials ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lung Neoplasms ; Miners ; Radiation Exposure ; Radon ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thorium ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Uranium

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive material formed by the slow decay of uranium and thorium found in the earth's crust or construction materials. Internal exposure to radon accounts for about half of the natural background radiation dose to which humans are exposed annually. Radon is a carcinogen and is the second leading cause of lung cancer following smoking. An association between radon and lung cancer has been consistently reported in epidemiological studies on mine workers and the general population with indoor radon exposure. However, associations have not been clearly established between radon and other diseases, such as leukemia and thyroid cancer. Radiation doses are assessed by applying specific dose conversion coefficients according to the source (e.g., radon or thoron) and form of exposure (e.g., internal or external). However, regardless of the source or form of exposure, the effects of a given estimated dose on human health are identical, assuming that individuals have the same sensitivity to radiation. Recently, radiation exceeding the annual dose limit of the general population (1 mSv/yr) was detected in bed mattresses produced by D company due to the use of a monazite-based anion powder containing uranium and thorium. This has sparked concerns about the health hazards for mattress users caused by radiation exposure. In light of this event, this study presents scientific information about the assessment of radon and thoron exposure and its human implications for human health, which have emerged as a recent topic of interest and debate in society.
Background Radiation ; Beds ; Carcinogens ; Construction Materials ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lung Neoplasms ; Miners ; Radiation Exposure ; Radon ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Thorium ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Uranium

With the advent of social aging, the development of intelligent multifunctional nursing beds that are suitable for hospitals, nursing homes, homes and the like has a wide range of applications, this paper presents an intelligent nursing bed design based on Internet of Things technology. The design uses STM32F103 as the central processor. The design is divided into nursing bed module based on tri-fold structure, central control module based on data processing, weight scale module based on weight detection, power supply module based on system power supply and host computer module based on user operation. The design uses a closed control mode, greatly improving the bed control accuracy. Experimental tests showed that under the action of the intelligent control bed control system, the error rate of bed position information driven bedboard can be less than 2%, which has high accuracy and stability.
Beds ; Equipment Design ; Hospitals ; Internet ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Nursing Homes ; Technology

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to synthesize the best available evidence for active warming interventions during cesarean section. METHODS: A database search was done for randomized controlled trials utilizing active warming interventions. Maternal temperature, shivering and neonatal temperature were evaluated as outcome variables. Data were analyzed using Cochrane Review Manager software Version 5.3. RESULTS: Thirteen studies including 1306 patients were reviewed. The degree of lowering of maternal temperature decreased in the warmed fluids (MD 0.51; p=.004) and warming mattress interventions (MD 0.22; p<.001) compared with control groups. Incidence of shivering was also lower in the active warming group (OR 0.55; p=.003). There was no statistically significant difference in maternal temperature with a forced air warming intervention (MD 0.64; p=.15) or in neonatal temperature (MD 0.12; p=.26). CONCLUSION: Findings show that with warmed fluids and warming mattresses applied during cesarean sections maternal temperature decline was reduced and also the incidence of shivering declined, but no significant effect was observed for forced air warming interventions. These findings provide a basis for developing a warming guideline for women having a cesarean section and will help to improve the quality of care for cesarean section patients.
Beds ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Shivering

PURPOSE: During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), chest compression (CC) depth is influenced by the surface on which the patient is placed. We hypothesized that training healthcare providers to perform a CC depth of 6-7 cm (instead of 5-6 cm) on a manikin placed on a mattress during CPR in the hospital might improve their proper CC depth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective randomised controlled study involved 66 premedical students without CPR training. The control group was trained to use a CC depth of 5-6 cm (G 5-6), while the experimental group was taught to use a CC depth of 6-7 cm (G 6-7) with a manikin on the floor. All participants performed CCs for 2 min on a manikin that was placed on a bed 1 hour and then again 4 weeks after the training without a feedback. The parameters of CC quality (depth, rate, % of accurate depth) were assessed and compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Four students were excluded due to loss to follow-up and recording errors, and data of 62 were analysed. CC depth and % of accurate depth were significantly higher among students in the G 6-7 than G 5-6 both 1 hour and 4 weeks after the training (p<0.001), whereas CC rate was not different between two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Training healthcare providers to perform a CC depth of 6-7 cm could improve quality CC depth when performing CCs on patients who are placed on a mattress during CPR in a hospital setting.
Adult ; Beds ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/*education/*methods ; Female ; Health Personnel/*education ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; *Manikins ; Pressure ; Prospective Studies ; *Students, Medical ; Thorax/*physiology

With the advent of the aging society, there will be a wide range of applications if novel intelligent multifunctional nursing beds can be developed for hospitals, bead houses and families at the same time. By listing and analyzing existing products, this paper summarized four function categories for multifunctional nursing beds, including security assurance, treatment aid, comfortability optimization, and human-machine interaction and communication. Finally, by comparing existing functions and potential user requirements, this paper proposed four function development trends, including physiological parameter monitoring, sleep aid, intelligent temperature control, and video communication.
Beds ; Equipment Design ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Nursing Care