Objective To study and compare the influence of different operation types to the serum immunoglobulin and peripheral blood T lymphocyte in the cholecystectomy. Methods 68 patients treared with cholecystectomy were selected as research object,and they were randomly divided into control group( underwent open cholecystectomy group) 34 cases and observation group( laparoscopic cholecystectomy group) 34 cases, and the operation time,exhaust time, blood loss, VAS score and incidence of complications, serum immunoglobulin before and after the treatment at 12h and 24h,and peripheral blood T lymphocyte before and after the treatment at 24h and 48h of the two groups were analyzed and studied. Results The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of control group,exhaust time was shorter than that of control group, VAS score was lower than that of control group, serum immunoglobulin and peripheral blood T lymphocyte after the treatment were all higher than those of control group,there were significant differences( all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The advantage of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was bigger than that of underwent open cholecystectomy, and the influence was smaller for immune system, and it was worthy of popularization and application.