Journal of Medicine University of Santo Tomas 2024;8(1):1342-1353

doi:10.35460/2546-1621.2023-0078

Interrater reliability of performing a step-by-step procedure for selected pain provocation tests for hamstrings and special tests for other lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries

Reil Vinard S. Espino 1 ; Consuelo G. Suarez 2 ; Lewis Ingram 3 ; Ivan Neil B. Gomez 1 ; Donald G. Manlapaz 4 ; Vergel B. Orpilla 4 ; Jazzmine Gale S. Flores 4 ; Elaine Nicole S. Bulseco 4

Affiliations

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Keywords

Interrater reliability; Special tests; Pain provocation tests; Lower extremity injuries

Country

Philippines

Language

English

Abstract

Objective:Our study aims to establish interrater reliability in performing the step-by-step procedure of selected pain provocation tests for hamstrings and special tests for lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries.

Study Design:An interrater reliability study

Setting:University of Santo Tomas - Sports Science Laboratory

Participants:Ten healthy adults (five females, five males; age = 22.2 ± 0.42) from the university community.

Main outcome measures:Interrater reliability of performing step-by-step procedures for selected pain provocation tests for hamstrings (painful resisted knee flexion 90°, painful resisted knee flexion 30°, active slump test, Puranen-Orava Test, bent knee stretch) and special tests for lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries (Lachman’s test, McMurray’s test, posterior drawer test, valgus, and varus stress test).

Results:Fleiss kappa showed perfect agreement (κ = 1.00) for all test procedures except for Lachman’s test procedure 1 (κ= -0.11 [95% CI, -0.36 to 0.14]), active slump test procedure 4 (κ= -0.03 [95% CI, -0.28 to 0.23]), active slump test procedure 5 (κ= -0.11 [95% CI, -0.28 to 0.23]), and active slump test procedure 6 (κ= -0.05 [95% CI, -0.31 to 0.20]), which resulted in negative agreements.

Conclusions:The researcher developed protocols for each special and provocative test were consistent in measuring the intended procedures, and the raters were generally consistent with their ability to measure these tests.