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Tobacco use and attitudes towards tobacco control activities of Malaysian dental students

Nor Azlida Mohd Nor ; Nurulain ISMAIL ; Farhan IBRAHIM ; Ishak Abdul RAZAK ; Norintan AB-MURAT

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):6-15.

Tobacco usage among dental students and the amount of training they received may have an impact on tobacco cessation activities undertaken for their patients. This study aims to assess Malaysian dental students’ tobacco use, exposure to second-hand smoke and their attitude towards tobacco control activities and curriculum. This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global Health Professions Students Survey (GHPSS). The questionnaire was distributed to all Malaysian fourth and fifth year dental students in four public dental schools (n=372), namely University of Malaya (UM), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The data were analysed using descriptive and chi square tests. In total, (n=349) respondents completed the questionnaire, yielding a 93.8% response rate. Although the prevalence of Malaysian dental students who ‘ever smoked’ was 21.2%, the prevalence of current smokers was low (2.3%). About 62% and 39% of students reported having been exposed to second-hand smoke in public and at home, respectively. USIM students were significantly less likely to recall having received training about approaches to smoking cessation (52.9%, p<0.001). Significantly fewer smokers than non-smokers agreed on tobacco banning policy. Regardless of their smoking status, the majority of dental students showed positive attitudes towards dentists’ role in tobacco cessation. Tobacco user among Malaysian dental students was low. There were statistically significant differences between ever smokers and non-smokers’ attitudes towards tobacco banning policy. The majority of dental students showed positive attitudes towards dentists’ role in tobacco cessation.

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Medical conditions associated with tooth loss among Saudi adults

Abed Al-Hadi HAMASHA ; Lolowh ALMOGBEL ; Abeer ALSHEHRI ; Fatimah ALSSAFI ; Hanan ALGHAMDI ; Alanoud ALAJMI ; Zainul Ahmad RAJION

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):16-21.

Upon reviewing the literature, the prevalence of many systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis were reported to be high in Saudi Arabia. The relationship of these conditions with tooth loss among Saudi population was not investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present studyis to explore the relationship between tooth loss and most common medical conditions among Saudi dental patient. The study participants were 250 patients who were randomly selected from the College of Dentistry database of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were requested to answer self-administered questionnaires related to their demographic as well as general health questions concerned to the presence of systemic medical conditions. Missing teeth were determined after examining the orthopantogram radiographs and reviewing the Romexis and SALUD databases. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and linear multiple regression model were performed using SPSS software. The mean number of missing teeth among the study population was 5.8 teeth per person. The mean number of missing teeth was higher among subjects with diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, or osteoporosis compared to healthy individuals. A multiple linear regression analysis model revealed that diabetes, hypertension and rheumatoid were significant predictors of missing teeth among Saudi population. These results highlight the importance of the effect of medical conditions on oral health.

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Effect of oral health education programme on oral health awareness and plaque maturity status among hearing-impaired children

Haliza TUGEMAN ; Normastura Abd RAHMAN ; Mohd Khairi Md Daud ; Azizah YUSOFF

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):22-35.

Many studies have indicated that hearing-impaired (HI) children have poor oral hygiene mainly contributed by difficulties in communication. The objectives of the study were to assess the difficulties experienced by HI children during dental visit and the effectiveness of “Oral Health Care for the Hearing-Impaired” (OCHI) programme in improving the oral health knowledge and practice, and reducing the dental plaque maturity scores among HI children. A community intervention study was conducted and training of trainers (TOT) was done to train the teachers in delivering oral health education (OHE) and practices by using developed booklet and video. The difficulties faced by the HI children during dental visit, and the oral health knowledge and practice (OHKP) were assessed by face-to -face interview with HI children whilst the dental plaque maturity was assessed using GC Tri Plaque ID Gel™ (TPID) during pre-intervention, post-intervention-1 and post-intervention-2. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22. Among the teachers, there was an increase in the mean (SD) total knowledge and attitude score during post-TOT compared to pre-TOT, 46.1 (2.44) and 43.7 (4.01); (p<0.001) and 16.7 (2.11) and 14.3 (2.38); (p<0.001) respectively. For the oral health practice, there were positive changes in practice among teachers during post-TOT compared to pre-TOT. There were also significant changes in mean knowledge scores of HI children with time (p=0.003) and the plaque maturity scores were significantly reduced during post-intervention-1 and post-intervention-2. Thus, the OCHI programme was effective in improving oral hygiene among HI children. However, the inconsistent pattern was observed for their oral health practices that need further research..

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Unusual dental symptoms in Tornwaldt cyst: a case report

Asfizahrasby Mohd RASOUL ; Norliwati IBRAHIM

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):36-40.

Tornwaldt (Thornwaldt) or nasopharyngeal cyst is a cyst occurred at the connection site of pharyngeal endoderm and notochord remnant, usually located in the midline postero-superior wall of nasopharynx. Nasopharynx’s obstruction, recurrent infection or trauma may exacerbate mucous secretion by the potential space lining. Although rare and is usually symptomless, it is not uncommon for the patients to have some nasal, ear, cervical or oral symptoms. We report a case of Tornwaldt cyst with rare associated dental symptoms. The patient’s initial presentations were dry mouth, cheek biting, post nasal drip and few nasal symptoms including frequent snoring, sleep apnoea, mouth breathing, sneezing, sore throat and itchiness. These symptoms were tremendously and immediately relieved once the cyst was surgically removed.

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Intramuscular haemangioma of the masseter muscle: a case report

Ahmad Sahril HUSSIN ; Nik Azrizie MUHAMED ; Haryati HUSIN ; Irfan MOHAMAD

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):41-44.

Intramuscular haemangioma is relatively rare and accounts for less than 1% of all haemangioma. Most of these tumours occur in the trunk, arms and legs. Only 14% of all intramuscular haemangioma arise from the head and neck region, with masseter muscle representing the most common site of involvement, followed by the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a soft lump in the left cheek. Imaging of the neck showed irregular, dilated enhancing vessels seen in the left masseter muscle suggestive of intramuscular haemangioma. Excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis.

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Mucous membrane pemphigoid presenting as bleeding gums and burning sensation of mouth: a case report

Shruthi RAO ; Shruthi HEGDE ; Vidya AJILA ; Subhas BABU ; Sajad Ahmed BUCH

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):45-49.

Dental practitioners may encounter various oral mucosal diseases. Oral lesions can be the early manifestation of many systemic diseases. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic, auto immune vesiculobullous lesion involving the mucocutaneous structures. It is important for a dental surgeon to be aware of oral presentations of MMP. Early and accurate diagnosis of this rare clinical entity is essential for the effective management of the lesions which may reduce or lessen disease progression. Present case report highlights the clinical presentations of MMP affecting the oral mucosa along with diagnostic features.

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Second branchial arch fistula masqueraded as recurrent parotid abscess: a case report

Nurul Hana MOKHTAR ; Khairuddin ABDULLAH ; Fairuz Mohd IBRAHIM ; Irfan MOHAMAD

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2018;13(1):50-53.

Branchial apparatus anomalies usually manifest in teenage or early adult life. Infection complicates second branchial pouch anomalies usually presented as a neck lump or discharging sinus. It is the most common form of anomalies compared to another branchial pouch aberrant. However, it is extremely rare to find a complete branchial fistula with both internal and external openings. Misdiagnosis usually occurs leading to inappropriate and suboptimal treatment. Here, we report of a case of complete second branchial pouch fistula and discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of such lesion.

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A Malaysian National Cleft Registry: An Orthodontic Point of View Al Imran Shahrula , Mas Suryalis Ahmadb , Nik M

Shahrul Al

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2020;15(2):89-95. doi:10.21315/aos2020.15.2.462

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent birth defects. CLP can have a profound physical impact on the child and a psychological impact on both the parents and child. The systemic collection and audit of data on CLP has traditionally been an integral part of comprehensive cleft care. This requires the development of a national cleft registry. This article describes the current orthodontic cleft care, the benefits of a registry and assesses the challenges faced in developing a national cleft registry in Malaysia from an orthodontic point of view.

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Demographics and Clinical Profile of Orofacial Cleft in International Islamic University Malaysia from 2009 until 2018

Noraini Abu Bakar

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2020;15(2):97-107. doi: 10.21315/aos2020.15.2.421

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are the most common craniofacial anomalies. There is no published data regarding the demographic of OFC cases seen in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), since the establishment of the IIUM Multi-Disciplinary Cleft Team (IIUM-MDCT). The present study aimed to build a database on demographic profile of OFC cases seen in IIUM from 2009 until 2018. Data from all registered OFC cases were obtained from the medical records. Birth prevalence was tabulated against the population statistics for the period, obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. A total of 20 cases were seen over the period of nine years. The registry recorded about 60% of females and 40% of males. Age distribution was 40% below the age of 10 years old, 40% between 11 to 20 years old and 20% of 21 years old and above. As for race, 90% were Malay, 5% were Chinese and Indian, respectively. Majority of patients (75%) were from Kuantan, 10% from Kemaman and 5% from Pekan, Kuala Terengganu and Kota Bharu, respectively. The most common OFC was cleft lip and palate (80%), followed by cleft palate (15%) and facial cleft (5%). The LAHSHAL classification was recorded with 75% of cases were unilateral, of which 73% affecting the left side. Other health anomalies were recognised in 45% of cases and 20% of them has family history of cleft. The present study could provide a baseline information on the status of OFC patients seen by IIUM-MDCT.

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Quantification of Metal Artefacts from Orthodontic Brackets in CT Images: A Modified Method

Mahmud Mohammeda

Archives of Orofacial Sciences.2020;15(2):109-117. doi:10.21315/aos2020.15.2.428

Any metallic object within the CT scanning field can produce metal artefacts, which will degrade the diagnostic image quality. Previous methods described for quantifying this kind of artefacts were complicated and difficult to reproduce. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new rapid method for quantifying the artefacts produced in craniofacial CT images. This is an in-vitro experimental study. Four different compositions of orthodontic brackets were bonded consecutively in the tooth surfaces of a cadaveric skull head. All scans were performed by a single operator using the same CT machine followed by a standard scanning protocol. Artefact intensity for all data sets was quantified by following a modified method with a freely available open-source software ImageJ. All datasets were duplicated where metal artefacts were quantified according to the previous conventional method. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-test for validation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with a 95% confidence interval for both intra- and inter-examiner reliability. The modified method of measuring artefact score exhibited excellent intra (0.997–0.941) and inter-rater (0.996–0.905) reliability. In addition, no significant difference (p = 0.072) of mean artefact score was noted between the groups measured by the modified method and the conventional method. This modified method for measuring the artefact intensity is valid and reliable.

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