Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):311-313. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.311
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
to Present ISSN: 1225-729X
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Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2013;24(4):220-227.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and neuropsychological profiles of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their siblings. METHODS: Eighteen children (age 8.2+/-1.7 years, 12 boys) with ADHD and their 18 siblings (age 7.8+/-1.6 years, 8 boys) completed Continuous Performance (CPT), Stroop, Children's Trail Making, Rey-Kim Memory, and Kim's Frontal Executive Function tasks. The parents of these subjects underwent the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ARS), 10-item Parent General Behavior Inventory (P-GBI), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Paired t-tests were used. RESULTS: The inattention (p=.020), and hyperactivity-impulsivity (p=.001), scores of the ARS and the P-GBI score (p=.004) were significantly higher in children with ADHD than in their siblings. Deficits in social communication and motivation on SRS were higher in children with ADHD than in their siblings (p=.017 and p=.011, respectively). Z-scores of omission and commission errors as well as response time variability on visual CPT and omission errors on auditory CPT were in clinically significant range, and z-score of omission errors on auditory CPT was in borderline range in siblings. Omission (p=.018) and commission errors on Visual CPT (p=.007) were significantly higher in children with ADHD compared to their siblings. Recognition efficiency on Kim's Frontal Executive Function Task was lower in children with ADHD compared to their siblings, but in normal range in both groups. Stroop interference and figure fluency on Kims Frontal Executive Function Task were in borderline range in ADHD group, and figure fluency was in borderline range in siblings. CONCLUSION: Our results support a preliminary evidence for mild degree of attention deficit in ADHD siblings. Further studies are needed to examine the cognitive functions of siblings with ADHD in larger samples.
Child* ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Parents ; Reaction Time ; Reference Values ; Siblings*
Child* ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Memory ; Motivation ; Parents ; Reaction Time ; Reference Values ; Siblings*
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2013;24(4):213-219.
OBJECTIVES: It is known that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often concurrently exhibit attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this study is to investigate how ADHD symptoms modify clinical characteristics in adolescents with ASD. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from the Program for the Education Enrichment of Relational Skills program, which is a program for adolescents with ASD to promote and train social skills. The study participants and their parents completed the study questionnaires, such as the ADHD rating scale, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist. RESULTS: Adolescents with ASD and ADHD (N=19) were found to have more impaired sociality, less open communication with their parents, and more behavioral and emotional problems compared with adolescents with ASD, and without ADHD (N=28). CONCLUSION: Although further research is needed, the results of our study suggest that adolescents with ASD present different clinical characteristics when comorbid with ADHD.
Adolescent* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Comorbidity ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Adolescent* ; Appointments and Schedules ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Comorbidity ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Long-Term Tolerability of Escitalopram in Korean Adolescents.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2013;24(4):207-212.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the long-term tolerability of escitalopram in Korean adolescents. METHODS: The subjects were 37 adolescents, who had been diagnosed with depressive disorder in accordance to DSM-IV. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale at the final follow-up visit. Tolerability was assessed through a medical record of the reason for discontinuation of escitalopram and documented adverse events. RESULTS: The mean duration of treatment was 78.1+/-89.5 days, and the mean dosage was 10.0+/-4.4mg/day. Out of the total 37 patients, two (5%) patients sustained use of escitalopram. Twelve patients (32.4%) discontinued use of escitalopram due to target symptom remission, and 23 patients (61.9%) due to insufficient efficacy. Six patients (16.2%) had at least one documented adverse event. However, no suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior was reported. Significant differences in clinical symptom improvement efficacy were seen between the patients who were receiving escitalopram for less than 8 weeks (4.3%, 1/13) and those for more than 8 weeks (92.9%, 13/14). There was no significant difference between the tolerability of monotherapy compared to the concomitant use group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that long-term use of escitalopram may result in superior efficacy than short-term use, and is tolerable in Korean adolescents with depression.
Adolescent* ; Citalopram* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation
Adolescent* ; Citalopram* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Suicidal Ideation
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2013;24(4):199-206.
OBJECTIVES: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's disorder (AD) in children are associated with attentional problems, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulties with social interactions. Pharmacological treatment may alleviate symptoms of ADHD, but seldom solves difficulties with social interactions. Social skills training (SST) may assist in improving their social interactions. We examined the effects of SST on children's social competences, general behavior, and ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Thirty four children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the cognitive behavioral SST program once a week at the outpatient division of child-adolescent psychiatry. SST was composed of 24 sessions (ninety minutes) for 6 months. Twenty-five children were diagnosed with ADHD, and 9 children were diagnosed with AD. Parents of the children rated Korea-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's rating scales, Korean-ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skill Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Social Skill Rating Scale as an evaluation of the treatment effect, before the first session and after the final session of the training. RESULTS: The ADHD group showed significantly increased scores of social and social competence of CBCL and SSRS. Further, scores of externalizing problems of CBCL, CRS, and ARS were significantly decreased. The Asperger's group showed significantly increased scores of social competence of CBCL, SSRS, and MESS. There was a significant difference of the improvement in CBCL's school and total behavior problem score, CRS between drug change group and no drug change group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study suggests that SST is effective in improving social skills for children with ADHD and AD. In addition, SST has shown its effectiveness in treating attentional problems for children with ADHD. To prove objective usefulness of SST, further studies with a more structured design and long-term duration along with a sufficient number of AD participants will be necessary.
Asperger Syndrome* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mental Competency ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Weights and Measures
Asperger Syndrome* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mental Competency ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Weights and Measures
Development of Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):295-310. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.295
OBJECTIVES: Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood may persist into adulthood. This study included the development and validation process of the Korean Adult ADHD Rating Scale (K-AARS), which was developed for screening and monitoring treatment of adults with ADHD. METHODS: Preliminary questionnaires of the K-AARS were based on the reviews of previous adult ADHD scales and clinical experiences of the board certified child and adolescent psychiatrists in Korea. For this study, 136 adults (18-50 years old) with inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity symptoms were enrolled as ADHD subjects, and compared with 406 control subjects (18-50 years old) without ADHD symptoms. Construct validity was examined using explorative factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha to obtain internal reliability coefficients. Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparison with the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS). RESULTS: An explorative factor analysis showed that the K-AARS had 8 factors (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder, impairment, driving, emotional dysregulation, disorganization). K-AARS was highly reliable in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.77-0.95) and correlation between factors (0.57-0.86). Concurrent validity with the CAARS and discriminant validity were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The K-AARS is a valid and reliable measure for assessment of Korean adults with ADHD.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Psychiatry ; Weights and Measures
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Child ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Psychiatry ; Weights and Measures
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):288-294. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.288
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess anger of middle school adolescents in an urban community using State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)-Korean and Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), and to determine whether specific anger expression of adolescents is associated with certain psychopathology including depression. METHODS: Data were collected from 395 middle school students and their parents in Incheon city. The students completed the STAXI, Children's Depression Inventory, Korean version of Mood disorder Questionnaire, and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale (Short Form), and their parents completed the K-CBCL. RESULTS: No significant correlation was observed between aggression subscale K-CBCL and each scale of the STAXI, except anger out (r=0.704). The scores for STAXI total and respective scales were significantly higher for female students than male students. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to explore the possible predictors for depression in adolescents and lower anger control and higher anger suppression were found to be predictors for depression in adolescence. CONCLUSION: There is a possibility of a large discrepancy between anger that the adolescents actually feel and parents' judgment of their children's anger. It must be considered in assessment of adolescent anger and use of further structured interviews is necessary. In addition, it may be useful to consider the anger expression style in adolescents who report depressive symptoms.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Anger* ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Judgment ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; Parents ; Psychopathology ; Weights and Measures
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Anger* ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Judgment ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; Parents ; Psychopathology ; Weights and Measures
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):279-287. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.279
OBJECTIVES: With the observation of factors influencing depression, self-reported happiness, self-reported stress and suicidal attempt, this study compared and evaluated the mental health of adolescents from multicultural families and monocultural families in Korea. METHODS: This study compared the characteristics of adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families based on the analysis of data of The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and analyzed the factors influencing adolescent depression, self-reported happiness, self-reported stress and suicidal attempt. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the levels of depression, self-reported happiness, and self-reported stress between adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families. However, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt were significantly higher in adolescents from multicultural families. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the mental health of adolescents from multicultural and monocultural families. Because depression is the greatest factor for suicidal attempt, and violence has stronger relationship with depression of adolescents from multicultural families, further study is needed to prevent this trend.
Adolescent ; Depression ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health* ; Risk-Taking ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Violence
Adolescent ; Depression ; Happiness ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health* ; Risk-Taking ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Violence
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):273-278. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.273
OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone monotherapy in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we did mixed effect model analysis of the effects of risperidone in patients with ASDs naturalistically treated in a routine clinical setting to determine whether the clinical effects were maintained and the side effects were tolerable. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed children and adolescents with ASD, who were on risperidone monotherapy from July 2010 to July 2011 at the Child and Adolescent ASD Clinic at Seoul National Hospital. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales along with other clinical indices: dosage, target symptoms, and side effects. RESULTS: The mean dose of risperidone in 47 children and adolescents with ASD (40 males, 7 females; age range 5-19 years) who were on risperidone monotherapy was 1.6+/-0.8 mg/day, and the mean duration of the treatment period was 20.2+/-17.3 months. Aggressive behavior, stereotypic behavior, irritability, and self-injurious behavior were the most frequent target symptoms of risperidone. The most common side effects were weight gain followed by somnolence and extrapyramidal symptoms. In a mixed effects model analysis of CGI-I scores, the mean CGI-I score at the 1 month follow-up was significantly different from the mean CGI-I score of the 3-month follow-up (p=.046), and the CGI-I scores were equally maintained over 3 to 48 months [F(6, 28.9)=4.393, p=.003]. Of the 47 patients, 33 patients (70.2%) were identified as the response group, showing an end point CGI-I rating of 3 or under and having continued risperidone treatment for at least 6 months. The baseline CGI-S score showed significant association with clinical response to risperidone (p=.005), the mean baseline CGI-S was higher in the response group compared to the non-response group. CONCLUSION: In this study, clinical improvement of risperidone stabilized around 3 months and was equally maintained up to 48 months with tolerable side effects, supporting maintenance of risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with ASDs.
Adolescent* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risperidone* ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Seoul ; Weight Gain ; Weights and Measures
Adolescent* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Retrospective Studies ; Risperidone* ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Seoul ; Weight Gain ; Weights and Measures
Impact of Peer's Suicide on Mental Health of Adolescents.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2015;26(4):266-272. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.4.266
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the impact of peer's suicide on mental health of middle-school students. The aim of this study was to describe the course of posttraumatic stress and grief reaction, suicide ideation, and depression score among adolescents after exposure to peer's suicide and to examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress and other mental health scores in these subjects. METHODS: Thirty seven middle school students who were exposed to the suicidal death of a peer completed self-report measures to assess levels of depression, grief reaction, post-traumatic stress, and suicide ideation at 1 month and 8 months after the peer's suicide. RESULTS: There was no significant change in mental health scores between 1 month and 8 months. Level of posttraumatic stress after 8 months was related to acute grief response. Subjects who experienced a clinically significant level of suicidal ideation and posttraumatic stress showed more mental health problems. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that peer's suicide strongly impacted mental health issues of adolescents at a critical time of adolescent development. Clinicians should perform a thorough evaluation of mental health problems for youth who experienced peer's suicide and help them in management of their grief reaction.
Adolescent Development ; Adolescent* ; Depression ; Grief ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide*
Adolescent Development ; Adolescent* ; Depression ; Grief ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide*
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
ElectronicLinks
Editor-in-chief
Abbreviation
J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
Vernacular Journal Title
ISSN
1225-729X
EISSN
Year Approved
2007
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
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