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A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents.

Hyun Jeong LEE ; Min Sup SHIN ; Hye Jeong KO ; Young Sook KWAK

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):163-170. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.163

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to develop the Korean version of the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (KRFL-A) and to investigate the reliability and validity of the KRFL-A. METHODS: The KRFL-A, Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire (ASQ) were administered to 720 first grade high school students. We examined the test-retest reliability, internal consistency of KRFL-A, and performed factor analysis. We also evaluated the correlation between KRFL-A and other scales, and the discrimination validity of KRFL-A between suicide attempt and non-attempt groups. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability, item-total correlation and internal consistency were all reliable. From factor analysis, three factors were extracted. The KRFL-A showed negative correlation with SSI and BHS scales. In addition, it could discriminate the suicide attempter group from the non-attempter group. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the Reasons for Living Inventory was found to be reliable and valid for use in assessing the risk of suicide in adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Yangsik KIM ; Tae Sung KO ; Mi Sun YUM ; Eun Hee KIM ; Hyo Won KIM

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):156-162. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.156

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalences of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities and epilepsy in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we intended to identify demographic and clinical correlates of epilepsy in ASD. METHODS: A total of 140 children and adolescents (age 7.3+/-4.8 yrs, 106 boys) with ASD underwent EEG from January 2010 to December 2013 at Asan Medical Center. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, clinical characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses and comorbidities, EEG findings and neurological diagnoses. RESULTS: The prevalences of EEG abnormalities and epilepsy in children and adolescents with ASD was 62.1% and 38.6%, respectively. In subjects with seizure-like movements, EEG abnormalities and epilepsy were more frequent than those without seizure-like movements (EEG abnormalities : 92.5% vs. 43.7%, p<.001 ; epilepsy : 90.6% vs. 5.7%, p<.001). ASD subjects who had epilepsy were older (p=.001), had lower full scale intelligence quotient (p<.001) and took more antipsychotics (p=.006) than those who did not. CONCLUSION: The prevalences of EEG abnormalities and epilepsy in our sample were similar to those from Western countries. Our results suggested a possible association of older age, lower intelligence quotient, and antipsychotics use with epilepsy in ASD. Conduct of further prospective study in a larger sample is needed.
Adolescent* ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Medical Records ; Prevalence

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A Preliminary Study for Developing a Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale in the Mental Health Service.

Kyung Ran ROW ; Dong Soo SUH

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):142-155. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.142

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop an assessment tool for measurement of children's functioning in the mental health service. We conducted a preliminary study to develop a sensitive and inclusive scale focused on the functional changes of children rather than just focusing on their symptoms or screening. METHODS: The Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale and the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) were both administered to 134 parents of children with emotional or behavioral problems who participated in the Aizone program and also to 186 parents of elementary school children in the Seoul metropolitan area as a control group. SPSS version 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the reliability coefficients were over 0.70 except those of the conduct behavior items, which showed relatively high internal consistency. The corrected item-total correlations ranged from .411 to .758, except those of conduct behavior items and special measure items. In a concurrent validity test with K-CBCL, the total behavior problem score of K-CBCL was highly correlated with the total score of the Child and Adolescent Functional Assesment Scale (r=.610). For the construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each of four areas, including behavior (at home/school), achievement, peer relationship, and emotion. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the scale was statistically reliable and valid, except for conduct behavior items. This study was conducted only for parents with elementary children. An adolescents group should be included in future studies.
Adolescent* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Equidae ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health Services* ; Parents ; Seoul

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Relationship between Internet Game Addiction and Psychiatric Symptoms in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic.

Eun Jeong OH ; Sam Wook CHOI ; Hae Kook LEE ; Jang Ho PARK ; Joon Ho AHN ; Ji Eun CHOI ; Soo Young BHANG

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):136-141. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.136

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between internet game addiction and psychiatric symptoms. METHODS: A total of 447 adolescents who were recruited from a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of university hospital completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of Korean Internet Addiction Self-scale (K-scale), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Korean-Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (K-ARS), and Adolescent Happiness Index (AHI). They were classified into three internet user groups, non-addicted group (below or equal to 94), potential risk group (95 to 107) and high risk group (above or equal to 108) according to K-scale total score. RESULTS: Significant mean differences in BDI, BAI, K-ARS, and AHI scores were observed among the three groups. The BDI, BAI and K-ARS scores showed positive correlation with K-score. The AHI score showed negative correlation with K-score. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that depression, anxiety, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and happiness are associated with internet game addiction.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety ; Child* ; Depression ; Happiness ; Humans ; Internet* ; Psychopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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The Effects of Social Skills Training as a Preventive Approach for Children in the Community Setting.

Seok Min YOON ; Young Sook KWACK

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):128-135. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.128

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of social skills training (SST) for children in two different community settings, an elementary school and a child community center. METHODS: Two separate groups of 15 children (10 boys and 5 girls) and 13 children (4 boys and 9 girls) participated in a SST program twice per week at an elementary school and a child community center, respectively. Age range of participants was from 8 to 10 years. Sixty-minute-long sessions of SST were continued twice per week for 4 weeks. Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Conner's Rating Scales, Korean-Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (K-ARS), Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and Matson's Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were evaluated by their parents before and after the SST program. RESULTS: Pre-and-post analysis of SST indicated no significant statistical differences in the elementary school group. However, the child community center group showed significantly increased scores for total social ability (p<.05) and decreased scores for attention problem (p<.05) on the K-CBCL. In addition, scores of MESSY were significantly increased (p<.05). These differences between the two groups were still significant after controlling pre-SST scores ; and difference of SST scores between the two groups disappeared after SST. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that SST in the community setting is an effective tool for prevention of social deficits and problems in attention by promoting social function and attention.
Checklist ; Child* ; Humans ; Parents ; Weights and Measures

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A Methodological Review of Psychological Autopsy for Adolescents.

Hoin KWON ; Ran KIM ; Soo Young BHANG ; Hyun Ju HONG ; Yong Sil KWEON

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):121-127. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.121

Recently, local governments and suicide prevention centers have been trying to implement psychological autopsy. This effort has focused on adult suicide so far ; however, there are some difficulties in its application to adolescent suicide. Therefore, in this study, psychological autopsy studies of Korea were reviewed, and a methodology for adolescents\' psychological autopsy was suggested. For the effective performance of the psychological autopsy in adolescent suicide, cooperation with each area of the government and implementation of bodies is necessary. In addition, the central system, which disseminates the standardized interview to the community and manages the data nationwide, should be prepared. Also, in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and to obtain various types of information, a structured interview should be adopted as the psychological autopsy, as well as considering the use of social media. Investigation of specific risk factors for adolescent suicide through psychological autopsy can enable determination of the intervention point for effective suicide prevention.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Autopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Risk Factors ; Social Media ; Suicide

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A Report on the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Vision 2033 Survey.

Bongseog KIM ; Duk Soo MOON ; Young Sook KWACK ; Minha HONG ; Geon Ho BAHN

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2014;25(3):113-120. doi:10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.113

This is an analysis report of the "Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP), Vision 2033 Survey". The survey questionnaires were developed by the planning department of KACAP and sent to KACAP members from 2012 to 2013. This survey consisted of six categories : membership, academic activity, journal publication, administrative system, fellowship training program, and future planning. The response rate was 40.5%. In addition to multiple choice questions, responders also described their own ideas and suggestions regarding KACAP. The results of this study can be used as evidence for planning the vision 2033 of KACAP.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry* ; Child* ; Education ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Humans ; Publications ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Factors Affecting Adherence to Pharmacotherapy in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:A Retrospective Study.

Yoon Jung KIM ; So Young OH ; Jiah LEE ; Su Jin MOON ; Won Hae LEE ; Geon Ho BAHN

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2010;21(3):174-181.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors affecting long-term adherence to methylphenidate treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 239 ADHD patients (mean age 9.3+/-2.6 years, range 6.0-17.4 years) who had visited the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic at a university hospital, in Seoul, Korea from March 2005 to February 2008. Subjects were diagnosed as ADHD based on the criteria set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision version (DSM-IV-TR) and underwent neuropsychological tests including the continuous performance test (CPT). Treatment discontinuation was defined as the last prescription date when the medication possession rate (MPR) became less than 0.80. Subjects were divided into three groups and labeled as Group I, non-adherence without pharmacotherapy, Group II, non-adherence with short-term pharmacotherapy, and Group III, adherence with long-term pharmacotherapy. RESULTS: Ninety (37.7%) patients were grouped as non-adherent (Groups I+II) and 149 (62.3%) as adherent (Group III). The adherence group exhibited lower intelligence, higher symptom severity, and a higher number of comorbid psychiatric disorders than controls. The use of stimulants was significantly associated with long-term adherence to treatment. Additionally, the duration of interval between the date of the first visit and the date of the first prescription was positively associated with long-term adherence. CONCLUSION: About two-thirds of patients diagnosed as ADHD adhered to the treatment six months after the first visit. With respect to patient evaluation and the development of treatment strategies, factors affecting early drop-out and longer follow-up must be considered.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry ; Child ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Methylphenidate ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prescriptions ; Retrospective Studies

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The Emotional Distress Prior to the Surgery and the Parenting Stress in Elementary School Children with Neurosurgical Diseases: The Preliminary Study.

Joosik WON ; Soyong EOM ; Dong Seok KIM ; Kyu Won SHIM ; Dong Ho SONG

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2010;21(3):168-173.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare emotional problems in children with neurosurgical diseases prior to surgery as well as levels of parenting stress experienced by mothers of children treated with surgery and those without surgery. The goals was to provide a basis on which comprehensive treatment interventions could be established. METHODS: Subjects included 78 elementary school children who visited the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery as well as their mothers. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Revised Children Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) were administered to children. The Parenting Stress Indexs (PSI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to their mothers. RESULTS: The children with neurosurgical diseases showed higher levels of depression prior to surgery. In their mothers, parenting stress was relatively higher and parenting competence was lower. In particular, for those children who underwent surgery, depression was significantly higher. Specifically, they exhibited more negative expectations, and negative self-image. In mothers of children who underwent surgery, depression was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest higher levels of emotional distress and parental stress in children who undergo neurosurgical operations and their mothers, respectively. Based on this, the necessity for surgical and comprehensive psychological intervention is suggested.
Child ; Depression ; Humans ; Manifest Anxiety Scale ; Mental Competency ; Mothers ; Neurosurgery ; Parenting ; Parents ; Stress, Psychological

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Agreement between Parents and Teachers on School Children's Emotional/Behavioral Problems.

Hyo In PARK ; Jin Mi KIM ; Yong Chon PARK ; Seok Hyeon KIM ; Dong Hyun AHN

Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2010;21(3):161-167.

OBJECTIVES: In assessing behavioral/emotional problems in school-aged children, the importance of multi-informant reporting has been well documented. However, in clinical settings obtaining multiple informants' opinions has proven difficult. For that reason, we researched the agreement and predictive validity of the Child Problem-Behavior Screening Questionnaire (CPSQ) in order to reveal how accurate parents' assessments reflected teachers' opinions. METHODS: We conducted the first screening for second- and third-grade children from 3 elementary schools in Seoul from 2003 to 2007 using the CPSQ. There were 1178 children included in the analysis. We then administered the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) as a second screening tool and subsequently, the ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS) and the Korean Educational Development Institute version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (KEDI-WISC) was administered by a psychiatrist. We examined each item on the CPSQ and the subscale's agreement between parent and teacher as well as the predictive validity of the CPSQ in children diagnosed with emotional/behavioral problems. RESULTS: The agreement rates between parents and teachers appeared high for questions 18 (0.433), 1 (0.385), and 2 (0.325). Among the subscales, a relatively high correlation was found for externalizing problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cognitive problems. For all diagnosed children, their parents revealed a higher sensitivity and lower specificity than teachers. CONCLUSION: From these results, we confirmed that the CPSQ can be useful for sorting out externalizing and cognitive problems. There is a need for further study, however, with a larger sample size.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Mass Screening ; Parents ; Psychiatry ; Sample Size ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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