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Sleep quality among undergraduate occupational therapy students in the University of Santo Tomas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Allan James Tan ; Ma. Carol Mae Gutay-Protacio ; Bianca Beatrice De Mesa ; Monique Esmile ; Zharylle Gayeta ; Ayessa Dominique Pineda ; Ray Anthony Torres ; Kristina Francesca Tuazon

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;7(1):18-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0701.004

Background: Sleep is an essential occupation for students. It affects one's neurocognitive functions and psychomotor performance, playing a significant role in academic performance, health, and well-being. This study aims to describe the sleep quality and sleep patterns among undergraduate occupational therapy (OT) students at the University of Santo Tomas (UST) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a record review based on existing data from the UST OT Department's Student Life Survey 2021 database. A total of 205 students from different year levels and academic cohorts of the academic year 2021-2022 participated in the survey, which included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data with valid responses (n=204) was analyzed using the measures of central tendency and dispersion, such as mean and standard deviation. Results: Data analysis revealed that 95.59% (n=195) of student respondents had significantly poor sleep quality, while 4.41% (n=9) had good sleep quality. Students in the fifth-year level had the greatest sleep dysfunction as opposed to those in the third-year level who had little sleep dysfunction. Sleep duration and daytime dysfunction received the highest individual scores across all year levels. Conclusion Having poor sleep quality is a common occurrence among undergraduate OT students in UST during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep pattern trends suggest the need for school administrators and educators to create measures to mitigate possible negative effects on their student’s academic performance, health, and overall quality of life, especially during public health emergencies, calamities, and disasters.
Sleep Quality ; COVID-19

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Life satisfaction and self-efficacy of undergraduate occupational therapy students in a university in Metro Manila: A cross-sectional study

Kim Gerald Medallon ; Charles Bermejo ; Cesar Joseph Lim ; Miria Olivia Isabel Alvior ; Daniel Miguel Batain ; Chasid Bautista ; Karissa Anne Lee ; Maria Louise Abigail Morales ; Quincy Aaliyah Torre

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;7(1):29-42. doi:https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0701.005

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted students' lives and daily routines, resulting in increased stress and mental health issues that impact their perceived life satisfaction and self-efficacy. While life satisfaction and self-efficacy may influence student academic performance and success, current data on life satisfaction and self-efficacy in Filipino occupational therapy students is limited. Objectives: This study aims to describe the life satisfaction and self-efficacy level of occupational therapy students at a university in Metro Manila, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the relationship between these two variables. Methods: The study adopted an analytic cross-sectional study design and records review methodology utilizing the Student Life Survey 2021 database. Data from the survey participants who fit the study's inclusion criteria were extracted to determine their life satisfaction and self-efficacy based on their responses on the Satisfaction with Life Scale and Self-Efficacy Formative Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics using measures of central tendency and dispersion were used to analyze data. Spearman-Rho correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between participants’ life satisfaction and self-efficacy. Results: A total of 205 occupational therapy students completed the survey. Results reveal that the participants were slightly dissatisfied with their lives (M=18.45; SD=1.52) and that they had satisfactory or adequate self-efficacy (M=64.66; SD=1.37). An analysis of their self-efficacy scores reveals that participants had a poor belief in their personal ability (M=37.71; SD=1.33) and a satisfactory or adequate belief that their ability can grow with effort (M=26.92; SD=1.32). Life satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to decrease as the participants’ year level increased. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate correlation between participants’ life satisfaction and self-efficacy (⍴=0.40, p<0.05). Conclusion The participants have a slightly dissatisfied level of life satisfaction and a satisfactory or adequate level of self-efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Life satisfaction and self-efficacy were found to have moderate correlation. Online learning adjustments, pandemic restrictions, and societal expectations are factors that may have influenced these findings, as emphasized in existing studies. This study may inform the academe in modifying existing learning environments and providing enhancement programs to deliberately target these constructs influencing overall academic performance.
Self Efficacy

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Psychometric properties of instruments to measure the well-being of young children: A systematic review protocol

Paulin Grace Morato-Espino ; Jose Ma. Rafael Ramos ; Ivan Neil Gomez

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;7(1):43-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.36413/pjahs.0701.006

Background: Child well-being is an important outcome and has received attention from researchers for decades. Until recently, there has been difficulty in drawing conclusions from these studies because of the wide variety of measures used. Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and assess the measurement properties of existing child well-being instruments presented in the literature. Methods: This systematic review will focus on studies that evaluated the psychometric properties of instruments to measure the well-being of children ages two to seven. The search strategy will aim to locate studies in the English language completed from 2000 to 2023. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection via EBSCOhost. Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Google Scholar, and Research Gate will be used to search unpublished studies. Following the search, all identified citations will be collated in Mendeley. The full text of selected citations will be uploaded to JBI-SUMARI, assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria, and critically appraised using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted using JBI-SUMARI by one reviewer and verified by another. Findings will be reported using a narrative synthesis and tables. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed. The evidence for each measurement property for each instrument will be compared against acknowledged standards for appropriate measurement characteristics using the COSMIN-proposed "criteria for good measurement properties." Expected Results: This systematic review will provide further evidence regarding the measurement properties of instruments used to measure the well-being of children, specifically in the early years. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a conference presentation and publication in a peer-reviewed journal PROSPERO registration number CRD4202342T8953
Systematic Review

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Physical activity level and quality of life of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study protocol.

Donald Lipardo ; Maria Christen Rogelio ; Krisha Andrealyn Castueras ; Christina Janine Felipe ; Danica Ysabel Koa ; Eevee Krystle Liao ; Jalen Edmond Mijares ; Ray Aerold Pua ; Mark Christopher Sy ; Cherrie Jhules Valdez ; Angela Marie Yap

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):6-11. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.001

BACKGROUND: Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, lockdown protocols for older adults were implemented globally to reduce their risks of contracting the virus. These restrictions could affect their physical activity (PA) and Quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe and to determine the association between the physical activity level and quality of life of Filipino community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines. METHODS: An analytic observational cross-sectional study will be conducted. 126 Filipino community- dwelling older adults aged 60 years or above in the Philippines will be conveniently sampled and recruited through online platforms. They will be asked to answer three questionnaires: 1.) a sociodemographic information survey for screening, 2.) the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in Filipino (PASE-F) to measure physical activity level, and 3.) the Short-Form 36 Version 2 Philippines (Tagalog SF-36v2) to measure the quality of life. Data will be summarized using standard descriptive statistics, and the association will be assessed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test. A p < .05 will be considered significant. EXPECTED RESULTS There will be an association between the QoL and PA level of Filipino community- dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines. This can guide healthcare professionals in formulating interventions and policies to improve older adults’ PA, QoL, and rehabilitation in the Philippines. The tools used in this study have very high reliability and validity scores, which may help future studies with similar topics.

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Family members’ experiences as simulated patients in physical therapy performance-based assessments: A phenomenological exploration protocol.

Donald Lipardo ; Christopher Cruz ; Nisrene Ayn Abubakar ; Francis Miguel Almaria ; Kaitlynne Dominique Bermio ; Ma. Ysabelle Therese Espinosa ; Hilario Favila III ; Danielle Iana Magallanes ; Mitchie Joy Mercader ; Jeff Matthew Pimenta ; Teresa Marie Santos

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):12-18. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.003

BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic caused educational institutions to shift from traditional to distance learning. Higher educational institutions offering bachelor’s degrees in Physical Therapy (PT) adapted to the situation by employing various strategies to facilitate learning online. One of the strategies employed is inviting family members as simulated patients in various performance-based assessments (PBA). In the Philippines, the PT department at the University of Santo Tomas made similar changes in the delivery of its courses. Given that family members are one of the primary stakeholders of PT education, it is important to know their experience, insights, and knowledge gained about the profession of PT after playing as a simulated patient (SP) during online performance-based assessments. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore how family members describe their experiences playing the role of patients in PT PBAs. METHODS: This study will utilize a phenomenological explorative research design. Family members, including parents, siblings, grandparents, cousins, and household helpers who played the role of a patient in any PT PBAs such as case presentation, case discussion, and practical examination, will be invited to participate. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews will be used for data gathering. Qualitative data from interview transcriptions will be analyzed using thematic analysis using NVivo 12 plus program. EXPECTED RESULTS Family Members will offer experiences in role-playing as patients in PBAs. Main themes and findings will be generated from their sharing that will provide insights regarding the improvement of remote PT PBAs.

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Effects and safety of facemask use on healthy adults during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Valentin Dones III ; Mark Angel Serra ; Maria Cristina San Jose ; Francine Abigail San Jose ; Angelo Paulo Palima ; Jovi Anne Macaraeg ; Lou Jericho Alejandrino ; Alexandra Mae Baybay ; Carlos Daniel Aniciete ; Kerrie Lyn Matheson ; Lance Aldrich Embile

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):19-24. doi:doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.004

BACKGROUND: Facemasks are used to minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, facemask use during exercise is associated with possible adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of facemask use vs. non-facemask use on subjective responses, COVID- 19 incidence, and physiologic changes in healthy adults during exercise. METHODS: The systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022296247) will follow the PRISMA-P guidelines and use electronic databases Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Herdin, and EbscoHost. This will cover randomized parallel groups or randomized crossover studies investigating tolerability, physiologic effects, and the impact on SARS-COV2 incidence of commercially-available cloth, surgical, or FFR/N95 facemasks compared to no-facemask conditions during exercise among healthy adults, including studies published from the earliest date to January 31, 2022. Outcomes of interest will be facemask tolerability in 10 domains of comfort and objective cardiopulmonary, gas exchange, and metabolic responses. Mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) will be calculated overall and for subgroups using RevMan software (version 5.4.1). Pooled and subgroup estimates will be calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. The chi-squared test, I2 statistics, and visual analysis will assess heterogeneity. The GRADEpro will determine the certainty of the level of evidence. EXPECTED RESULTS An evidence-based recommendation using GRADE on the changes attributed to facemask use during exercise will be available. This will be useful for organizations when developing appropriate guidelines for exercising while mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Future researchers may use this study when redesigning comfortable facemasks without compromising filtration capability.

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The effectiveness of telerehabilitation in hypertension management of adults in communities: protocol for a systematic review.

Christian Rey Rimando ; Valentin Dones III ; Archelle Jane Callejo-Tiuseco ; Abigail Anne Velasquez ; Maureen Dacuya ; Kirsten Ermengild Ignacio ; Stephanie Elisha Marie Pasol ; Ella Teresa Cavite ; Liam Sebastian Dy ; Patrick Angelo Tayag ; Ronan II Ibuna ; Maria Florissa Valerio ; Gino Valderama ; Carl Froilan Leochico

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):25-31. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.005

BACKGROUND: The emergence of Telerehabilitation in managing hypertension showed positive outcomes as an alternative approach to deliver healthcare services. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic which necessitates less physical contact, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of Telerehabilitation versus the usual care in hypertension management among adults in communities, especially in rural settings. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in the following databases: ProQuest, EBSCOhost, AHA Journals, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, HERDIN, Web of Science, JSTOR, and ScienceDirect in March 2022 and was updated in August 2022. Inclusion criteria are randomized controlled trial studies that involve participants aged ≥ 18 years old with hypertension or baseline blood pressure of >140/90 mmHg and the use of technologies and digital services to address hypertension versus non-Telerehabilitation approaches in rural communities or through community- based rehabilitation. Exclusion criteria are non-randomized controlled trials, qualitative studies, unfinished and article type records. The revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool will be used to evaluate the content for risk of bias, quality, and internal validity. An electronic data collection form and Raxter will be utilized to extract and to organize the following: demographics, objectives, design, settings, interventions, outcome measures, and significant findings. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4 will be used to perform quantitative synthesis of the pooled data if homogeneity is observed in the outcomes. EXPECTED RESULTS The study will determine the effectiveness of Telerehabilitation in managing hypertension and aiding in its implementation in response to the global trend of urbanization in rural areas.
Telerehabilitation

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Validity and reliability of mobile applications in physical therapy: protocol for a systematic review.

Ibiza Gonzaga ; Keesha Bernice Blanco ; Airen Margaret Magdalena ; Agee Liezel Merquita ; Dana Rae Santos ; Kiara Nicole See ; Tristan Isaiah Tolentino ; Jannah Francine Tsai ; Efren Louis Llanos ; Cristine Rose Versales ; Ma. Roxanne Fernandez

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):32-37. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.006

BACKGROUND: Due to technological advancements, mobile applications have aided in the enhancement of assessment, treatment, and exercise programs for the major stakeholders in healthcare. However, there is a lack of preponderance of the evidence of reliability and validity of these mobile applications among traditional tools/methods used in rehabilitation. Thus, this systematic review aims to identify and synthesize existing studies on evidence of the validity and reliability of mobile applications used in physical therapy. METHODS: Included in this systematic review are studies written in English that tested the PT mobile application in healthy individuals, compared it with gold standard equipment, and tested the app's validity and/or reliability. A literature search will be conducted on nine databases, and two electronic software will be used - (1) Mendeley and (2) Rayyan. The Brink and Louw (2012) Critical Appraisal Tool will be used to assess the validity and reliability of the eligible articles. A qualitative review and meta-analyses will be conducted for data synthesis. EXPECTED RESULTS This study will contribute to current knowledge and healthcare practices by providing information on valid and reliable PT applications, synthesizing evidence on mobile applications that will improve PT assessments and interventions, and which applications can be further studied and developed. Overall, the results of this study will give information on how PT mobile applications can complement standard test measures or procedures in physical therapy such as assessments, interventions, and home exercise programs.

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Designing a content validated community needs assessment questionnaire for two densely populated barangays in Binangonan, Rizal: a psychometric study protocol

Jordan Barbra Nava ; Archelle Jane Callejo-Tiuseco ; Christian Rey Rimando ; Hannah Mae Almeida ; John Carlo Carandang ; Anne Trisha Chua ; Cassiopeia Melle Hilario ; John Eugene Leongson ; Rafael Francisco Lozano ; Juana Margarita Roxas ; Christianne Allyssa Tia

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2023;6(2):38-44. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0602.007

BACKGROUND: Prior to developing a community-based rehabilitation program, there is a need to conduct a needs assessment to identify the factors that may affect the quality of life (QOL) in a community. However, after reviewing related literature, no community needs assessment tools were readily accessible and were directed toward the target population and research locale of this study. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire that assesses the needs of selected barangays in Binangonan, Rizal as part of the first phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. METHODS: A purposive sampling method will be utilized in recruiting via email a panel of experts, consisting of five content experts and five lay experts, to evaluate the researcher-developed questionnaire’s content validity. Content validity will be assessed through evaluation of the tool’s grammar, choice of words, question construction, and scoring of items. The data will then be analyzed by a statistician using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) where questions may be retained, revised, or eliminated. EXPECTED RESULTS The study expects to produce a content-validated questionnaire in English consisting of four dimensions: social, epidemiological, educational, and administrative/policy. For an item to be considered valid, scores for CVR and CVI should be equal to or greater than the cut-off values. The information from the questionnaire may be utilized by healthcare professionals aiming to improve the QOL in the community.

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Assessment of the level of health anxiety among college students in a private higher educational institution during COVID-19.

Janella Rome David ; Bernadeth Quiroz ; Irish Vibeth Manlulu ; Trishia Lance Paule ; Noriel Calaguas

Philippine Journal of Allied Health Sciences.2022;6(1):6-14. doi:10.36413/pjahs.0601.002

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, people who were exposed to the virus reported heightened health anxiety compared to the individuals with the absence of exposure related to the COVID-19 during the pandemic. Young adults reported higher levels of health anxiety when compared to other groups. To a certain extent, health anxiety serves a protective role until it becomes perseverate and dysfunctional. The researchers aim to describe the level of anxiety of college students by utilizing the COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale to form a foundation for programs and policies that would address dysfunctional health anxiety METHODS: The researchers used a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive online survey research design to describe the level of COVID-19 health anxiety among college students in a private higher educational institution in Central Luzon, Philippines. RESULTS: A total of 378 college students completed the survey. Analysis revealed that participants checked for symptoms of COVID-19 and were worried about possibly contracting COVID-19 for more than 7 days within two weeks (M=3.9; SD=1.5). It also revealed that the participants avoided situations that put them at risk for COVID-19 at a similar frequency (M=4.1; SD=0.4). CONCLUSION The study reveals the sampled college students manifested COVID-19 anxiety for more than 7 days in a 2-week timeframe. This means that the students spend a significant amount of their time, in a two-week timeframe, worrying, checking, and avoiding situations that may put them at risk for COVID-19. These anxiety-induced behaviors may hinder the accomplishment of their activities of daily living or productive pursuits.

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