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Implementation of Medical Diagnostic System Based on Epidemiological Data.

Hideaki TAKATA ; Hiroki NOGAWA ; Hiroshi NAGATA ; Yuichiro GOMI ; Hiroshi TANAKA

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):181-185.

OBJECTIVE: We implemented automatic online medical consultation software. It infers disease of patients with knowledge about symptoms and the epidemiologic data. And we compared its performance of inference with that of human doctors. METHODS: This software accepts information about users' age, sex, and symptoms, lists up diseases compatible with these information, and sorts diseases by probability. We implement this software with Ruby and C. RESULTS: We compared diseases listed up by this software with those that by two human doctors, and found that 1) 90% of confirmed diagnoses was included in the list this software inferred, and 2) more than 50% of diseases in the list this software inferred are same diseases as ones both of two human doctors inferred. CONCLUSION: This software can not determine final diagnosis. But this software lists up probable diseases only by interview. Then we believe this software will be useful for patients when they want to check themselves before consulting their doctor. We believe that this software will be useful for patients to check their health status.
Diagnosis ; Humans

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Predicting Breast Cancer Survivability: Comparison of Five Data Mining Techniques.

Arihito ENDO ; Shibata TAKEO ; Hiroshi TANAKA

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):177-180.

OBJECTIVE: Today in United States, about one in eight women have been affected with breast cancer over their lifetime. Up to today, some various prediction models using SEER (Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results) datasets have been proposed in past studies. However, appropriate methods for predicting the 5 years survival rate of breast cancer have not established. In this study, we evaluate those models to predict the survival rate of breast cancer patients. METHODS: Five data mining algorithms (Artificial Neural Network, Naive Bayes , Decision Trees (ID3) and Decision Trees(J48)) besides a most generally used statistical method (Logistic Regression) were used to evaluate the prediction models using a dataset (37,256 follow-up cases from 1992 to 1997). We also used 10-fold cross-validation methods to assess the unbiased estimate of the five prediction models for comparison of performance of each method. RESULTS: The accuracy was 85.8+/-0.2%, 84.3+/-1.4%, 83.9+/-0.2%, 82.3+/-0.2%, 75.1+/-0.2% for the Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural, Naive Bayes, Decision Trees (ID3), Decision Trees(J48), respectively. Although the accuracy of Logistic Regression showed the highest performances, the Decision Trees (J48) was the lowest one. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of Logistic Regression was the best performances, on the other hand Decision Trees (J48) was the worst. Artificial Neural Network indicated relatively high performance.
Bays ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Data Mining* ; Dataset ; Decision Trees ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; SEER Program ; Survival Rate ; United States

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Semiautomatic Segmentation of Lung Region from Three Dimensional Color Images of Visible Human.

Hideaki KIDO ; Kunihiko KANEKO ; Akifumi MAKINOUCHI

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):171-176.

OBJECTIVE: Watershed algorithm is image segmentation algorithm divides the image into numerous small regions. This paper proposes a new approach to extract the lung region from the three dimensional color image of Frozen Human Body (Visible Human Male) based on watershed algorithm. METHODS: After applying this algorithm to input image and getting the small regions, we merge these small regions into one region with three measures based on color, edge marker, and SURFACE respectively. RESULTS: We can say that the smaller number of FALSE-POSITIVE and TRUE NEGATIVE voxels and the larger number of FALSE POSITIVE voxels are better result. Graph shows change in the number of voxel in above groups of the left lung detection when tau color change with tau em is 0.7. We think that the result at the range of tau color from 110 to 180 are better than the other results in Graph. CONCLUSION: Comparing with our previous work, we newly use Canny edge filter for edge marker and define SURFACE-based dissimilarity to relax the problem of its step. The users must select a point within the lung region and some thresholds (taucolor, tauem, tauhigh, taulow, delta) to detect the target region.
Human Body ; Humans* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung*

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An Improved Mesh Simplification Algorithm Based on Quadric Error Metrics.

Shao Hui HUANG ; Bo liang WANG ; Wei li WU

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):165-169.

OBJECTIVE: Quadric Error Metrics (QEM) algorithm can simplify complex 3D models. However, for its simple error metrics, QEM is not suitable to simplify medical model that contains many minute detail features. We need to develop a new algorithm because we are often interested in these features. METHODS: Based on QEM, We classify the vertex into seven classes. Different class has different cost of collapse. In our algorithm, collapse usually occurs with the lowest cost during simplification, thus minute feature can be preserved as possible. We also introduce the average of correlative triangles' area to estimate the volume change during the simplification. RESULTS: We test our algorithm on several complex medical models and find that our improved algorithm is effective and fast. CONCLUSION: To simplify a complex medical model, we want to preserve the minute feature during simplification. By classifying the vertexes, we develop an improved algorithm based on QEM. The testing results shows that our algorithm not only maintains the high efficiency of QEM algorithm, but also meets the high requirements of medical image processing on fidelity and mesh quality.

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Thermal Problems and Methods in Invasive Microwave Coagulation Therapy.

Qun NAN ; Jianshu PENG ; Youjun LIU ; Yi ZENGON

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):159-163.

OBJECTIVE: To study some thermal problems in invasive microwave coagulation (IMC) therapy. METHODS: Temperature fields predicts, limitation and remedy methods of the Pennes bioheat transfer equation during the temperature distribution analyses and how to kill a large anomalistic tumor for only once were discussed. RESULTS: The coagulation area between the simulations and actual measured results showed good correspondence. Blood flow influenced the rise in temperature significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal distribution with computer simulation in invasive microwave coagulation therapy is an accurate and reliable method.
Computer Simulation ; Microwaves*

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Statistical Results of the Cochlear Implant Case Study Using a Database Application Software.

Ning ZHANG ; Sha LIU ; Guohong ZHOU

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):153-158.

OBJECTIVE: Using the CI database application software and SPSS to process cochlear implanted patients' data, in order to know what factors influence the cochlear implant effects. METHODS: Design a cochlear implant questionnaire; get answers from young patients' parents through telephone calls. Input the patients' data to the database with our software, analyze the data using SPSS. RESULTS: 120 cochlear implant recipients were investigated. Those patients are all between 9 and 20 years old. 106 parents answered the inquisition. Some beneficial statistical results like Communion ability and method, comprehension ability, and other factors that influence CI effect were elicited. CONCLUSION: Even for Pre-lingual deaf adolescent, cochlear implantation is still a good choice to acquire better communion ability and to improve the life quality. The statistical analysis results of our follow up investigation indicated that the earlier the speech training intervention, and adopting lip-reading, combining with scientific language training after CI operation, the better CI effect could be acquired. And also the speech communion ability could be improved quickly. Besides, the CI database application software provided great advantages to this study.
Adolescent ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants* ; Comprehension ; Deafness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Language Therapy ; Parents ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Telephone ; Young Adult

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An Itelligent System for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease with BP Neural Networks.

Yanping BAI ; Liya HOU ; Shuicai WU ; Di ZHANG

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):147-152.

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, an intelligent system using BP neural networks (BPNN) is presented for early detection coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Based on the four features of ECG signals and six basic parameters of patients, BPNN was built and trained. Especially the method which combined feature extraction and classification was discussed. RESULTS: The performance of the intelligent system has been evaluated in 20 samples. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting CAD. The correct classification rate was about 90% for normal subjects and 100% for abnormal subjects. CONCLUSION: BPNN could quite accurately detect abnormal subjects. Because it is not expensive and noninvasive, it is fit to examine health of the elderly and has good application foreground.
Aged ; Classification ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Humans

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Dynamic Model of the Aqueous Humor Circulation with Application to Simulation of the Treatment for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Ying JU ; Boliang WANG ; Jiezhen XIE ; Liwei HUANG ; Shaohui HUANG ; Xiaoyang HUANG

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):139-146.

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the mechanism of the aqueous humor circulation and its relationship to the glaucoma macroscopically with engineering methods. METHODS: A dynamistic model was presented, which can be used to simulate the situation and the treatment of the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The frame of the model was built based on the ophthalmically accepted feedback mechanism between the aqueous humor circulation and the intraocular pressure (IOP). The transfer functions and the parameters were educed from the analysis of physiological theories, the basic elements of hydrodynamics, and the clinical parameters. The relation between the parameters of the system and the episode mechanism of POAG was discussed. A digital method was used to simulate the Challenge test and some medicines' treatment of POAG, and the results were consistent with clinical observations. RESULTS: The results of simulation illuminate that the model can simulate the mechanism of the aqueous humor circulation and the curative mechanism of some medicines under the physiological condition and the pathological condition of the POAG. CONCLUSION: A few parameters which can hardly be captured with clinical method could be obtained from the model. These parameters can be helpful for the diagnosis and prediction of the curative effect.
Aqueous Humor* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Hydrodynamics ; Intraocular Pressure

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Segmentation of Hippocampus in Human Brain MRI Using Watersnakes.

Xiang LU ; Shuqian LUO

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):133-137.

OBJECTIVE: The algorithm of Watersnakes is used to segment the hippocampus on one slice of MR image. METHODS: This method integrates the watershed transform and the active contour algorithm. The watershed transform, based on mathematical morphology, is powerful and flexible for segmentation. However, it does not allow the characteristics of region boundaries to be included into the way that active contour algorithm do. So, oversegmentation is in the result, even to hippocampus. For watersnakes algorithm, the primitive contour of hippocampus can be obtained using watershed transform. Based on energy-driven, the contour of hippocampus develops into the ultimate result. In the process of energy-driven, the information relating to characteristics of region boundaries is involved. RESULTS: The results of watersnakes showed oversegmentation could be avoided, compared to the results of watershed transform. CONCLUSION: Watersnakes can use the advantage of watershed transform and active contour algorithm to improve the results of segmentation.
Brain* ; Hippocampus* ; Humans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

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The Effectiveness of Automated Nursing Note Recording System: Patient Moving Information and Diagnostic Test Information in Emergency Room.

Jae Ho LEE ; Eun Sook KIM ; Sang Wook LEE ; Soon Ai KIM ; Sung Woo MIN ; Kyoung Soo LIM

Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics.2007;13(2):123-132.

OBJECTIVE: The main complaints of users in existing electronic medical record systems are the complexity of recording system and long recording time. The records of patient moving and the diagnostic test performed outside emergency room are important. But emergency nurses can't record such information exactly and completely because of the highest priorities of emergency treatment and its record in overcrowded emergency room. METHODS: Emergency electronic medical record team of Asan Medical Center developed the automatic recording system of patient moving and diagnostic test information in 2006. The effectiveness of this system was evaluated by comparing the number of records in manual and automatic documentations before and after the system application. RESULTS: The numbers of total records per patient-order were not changed statistically, but the number of manual patient moving and diagnostic test records significantly reduced from 0.50+/-0.69 to 0.31+/-0.47 (p < 0.01). The number of automatic patient moving and diagnostic test records per patient-order was 1.98+/-0.99. CONCLUSION: This automatic recording system can reduce indirect nursing time and give more exact and complete information to emergency medical personnel. The effort to simplify documentation in electronic medical record systems is important, but 'automatic recording' strategy is also needed.
Automation ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine* ; Documentation ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Moving and Lifting Patients* ; Nursing*

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