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Clinical Management and Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Supernumerary Teeth in Infancy: A Case Report

Chaehyun NA ; Hana LEE ; Hansung KIM ; Jihun KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):348-356. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.348

Supernumerary teeth develop from excessive proliferation and development of the dental lamina. Supernumerary teeth can cause several problems, including ectopic eruption, delayed eruption, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and diastema. Supernumerary teeth in infancy are rare and have rarely been reported. Case of a 2-day-old infant with 3 supernumerary teeth is presented here and the patient was followed up for 21 months. The erupted supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition was extracted under moderate sedation at the age of 14 months. Microcomputed tomography analysis of the extracted tooth confirmed microscopic root malformation. After extraction, the midline diastema was reduced and oral hygiene improved. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent complications of supernumerary teeth.

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Eruption Guidance of Distally Displaced Mandibular Second Premolar by the Hemisection of Primary Second Molar: Two Case Reports

Yongwook SHIN ; Howon PARK ; Juhyun LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):340-347. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.340

Distal displacement of the tooth germ of the mandibular second premolar (MnP2) leads to its impaction and obturation of the eruption path of the mandibular first molar delaying its eruption. The present case report describes the treatment of 2 cases of eruption guidance for distally displaced developing MnP2 that caused delayed eruption of the mandibular first molar. Intentional extraction of primary predecessor results in the mesial shift of the displaced MnP2. However, unfavorable distal ectopic eruption of the mandibular first premolar after the premature loss of primary second molar has been previously reported. Hemisection and sequential extraction of the mandibular primary second molar were performed to mesially shift the distally displaced MnP2, while preventing unfavorable distal ectopic eruption of the mandibular first premolar.

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A Study on Various Sizes and Volumes of the Palate among the Korean Population in Mixed Dentition

Jimyung CHOI ; Jisun SHIN ; Miran HAN ; Junhaeng LEE ; Jongsoo KIM ; Jongbin KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):329-339. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.329

The purpose of this study was to compare the palatal dimensions (volume, width, length, and height) in different malocclusions (Class I, II, and III) in mixed dentition using a three-dimensional digital scanner. The study was performed on 30 selected casts from 1400 casts that were taken at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Dankook University. Casts consisted of Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups in Hellman’s dental age IIIA. The mean age was 8 years and 6 months ± 11 months. Each cast was scanned by three-dimensional digital scanner, Medit T710 (Medit, Seoul, Korea), and shaped into the three-dimensional image and calculated palatal dimensions using the Plan T program (SMD solution, Seoul, Korea). The values were statistically compared and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. According to our results, subjects with Class II malocclusion showed lower palatal width and longer palatal length compared to those with Class I and Class III. For palatal height, Class III malocclusion subjects in mixed dentition exhibited a larger number than Class II and Class I. Lastly, for palatal volume, compared to other malocclusions, Class III showed higher results; however, there were no significant differences. The form of the palate differs in types of malocclusions and understanding of these differences is important in clinical significance. Based on this study, the understanding of the relationship between the shape of the palate and the skeletal pattern provides useful information about orthodontic treatment plans, early diagnosis of malocclusion, and morphological integration mechanisms. Orthopedic treatment in the maxilla should be performed during early and intermediate mixed dentition to enhance treatment efficiency.

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Effect of Potassium Iodide on Erythrosine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilms

Yongsoon KIM ; Howon PARK ; Juhyun LEE ; Haeni KIM ; Siyoung LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):321-328. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.321

The aim of this in-vitro study is to evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured to form a biofilm on a hydroxyapatite disk. After diluting erythrosine to 20 μM and KI to 10, 50, and 100 mM, respectively, PDT was performed. The number of surviving bacteria was calculated as colony forming units (CFU)/mL and the statistical significance of the difference between groups was confirmed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Cell viability was visually evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). As a result of the experiment, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental groups in which PDT was performed after applying KI regardless of the concentration of KI. In addition, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental group to which 100 mM KI was applied compared to 10 mM KI. The same results were confirmed when observing CLSM. KI significantly improved the efficacy of erythrosine-mediated PDT on S. mutans biofilms at all concentrations. This may compensate for the low sensitivity of PDT to biofilm-state bacteria strains, but it is necessary to establish an optimal clinical protocol through further research.

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Academic Effectiveness of Non-face-to-face Classes in Deciduous Tooth Morphology Practice during COVID-19 Pandemic

Hyeji SON ; Jongseong KIM ; Gimin KIM ; Hyunjung KIM ; Soonhyeun NAM ; Jaesik LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):310-320. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.310

This study aimed to evaluate the academic effectiveness of non–face-to-face classes in deciduous tooth morphology practice. Under the course name dental morphology, a total of 60 dental students took face-to-face classes while 55 pre-dental students took non-face-to-face classes. Students were required to submit their practical assignments after 5 weeks of practical classes. To evaluate the academic effectiveness of non-faceto- face classes, practical assignments were scored by an evaluator and compared with face-to-face classes using the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test. The results showed that the practical score in face-to-face classes was 77.43 ± 5.97 and the practical score in non-face-to-face classes was 76.04 ± 5.83. There was no significant difference in the academic effectiveness of face-to-face classes compared to non-faceto- face classes in deciduous tooth morphology practice (p > 0.05). This study suggests that non-face-to-face classes on introductory practice such as the dental morphology course can provide comparable quality to the education taught in traditional face-toface classes.

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Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 Loaded Films on Oral Wound Healing

Jeong Hyun LEE ; Seung Hwan PARK ; Asiri Naif MOHAMMED ; Myoung-Han LEE ; Dong-Keon KWEON ; Yongkwon CHAE ; Koeun LEE ; Misun KIM ; Hyoseol LEE ; Sungchul CHOI ; Ok Hyung NAM

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):300-309. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.300

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) loaded films on oral wound healing. Two types of G-Rb1 films, G-Rb1 loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (GCMC) film and G-Rb1 loaded hyaluronic acid (GHA) film, were developed. A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control, GCMC, and GHA. After wound formation on midpalate, the control group was left without treatment, whereas the experimental groups had films attached. The specimen was analyzed clinically and histologically after 7 and 21 days. For clinical analysis, the area of incompletely re-epithelialized wound was measured. For histological analysis, the distance between the margins of the wound (soft tissue gap) was measured and the percentage of the collagen-stained area on the specimen was calculated. In clinical and soft tissue gap analysis, the GCMC group presented improved healing compared to the GHA group and the control at day 7 (p < 0.05). And, both GCMC (9.74 ± 10.12%) and GHA groups (19.50 ± 14.47%) presented greater collagen-positive pixels compared to control (0.89 ± 1.60%) at day 7 (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in these parameters among the groups on day 21. Therefore, G-Rb1 loaded films improved oral wound healing.

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The Demands and Awareness of Pediatric Dentists on the Korean National Health Insurance System

Yunhyeong KIM ; Yongkwon CHAE ; Koeun LEE ; Misun KIM ; Ok Hyung NAM ; Sungchul CHOI ; Hyoseol LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):285-299. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.285

The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness and perception of pediatric dentists regarding dental health insurance (DHI) system in Korea. Online surveys were sent to the members of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (KAPD), and the responses were collected. The survey, consisting of 41 questions, was subdivided into ‘general background of the respondents’, ‘the awareness on national health insurance (NHI) and DHI’, ‘the awareness on DHI pertaining to pediatric dentistry’, ‘issues that need improvement on DHI pertaining to pediatric dentistry’, ‘DHI claims’, and ‘the roles of KAPD in DHI’. In total, 302 responded, with a response rate of 28.9%. Excluding 2 questionnaires with insufficient answers, a total of 300 survey results were analyzed. According to the analysis, pediatric dentists thought that the coverage of DHI was not as sufficient compared to that of NHI, but were expecting its scope to broaden in the future. The satisfaction rate was higher in pit and fissure sealant and composite resin filling than in caries-detecting quantitative light-induced fluorescence. Pediatric dentists considered permanent tooth composite resin filling (65.7%) needed an increase in insurance copayment, while topical fluoride application (74.7%) to require insurance coverage. DHI claims were generally handled by dental hygienists and/or nursing assistants. Approximately half of the respondents answered that they have had experiences on appealing for insurance denials. Lastly, pediatric dentists generally had a positive attitude towards providing information for the DHI. This study is expected to be used as a sound dataset for the DHI policy development concerning pediatric dentistry.

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Trend Analysis and Prediction of the Number of Births and the Number of Outpatients using Time Series Analysis

Hwayeon AN ; Seonmi KIM ; Namki CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):274-284. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.274

The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of the number of births in Gwangju and the number of outpatients in Pediatric Dentistry at Chonnam National University Dental Hospital over the past 10 years (2010 - 2019) and predict the next year using time series analysis. The number of births showed an unstable downward trend with monthly variations, with the highest in January and the lowest in December. The average number of births in 2020 was predicted to be 682 (595 to 782, 95% CI), and the actual number of births was an average of 610. The number of outpatients was relatively stable, showing a month-to-month variation, with highest in August and the lowest in June. The average number of patients in 2020 was predicted to be 603 (505 to 701, 95% CI), and the average number of actual visits was 587. Despite the decrease in the number of births, the number of outpatients was expected to increase somewhat. Due to the special situation of COVID-19, the actual number of births and patients was to be slightly lower than the predicted values, but it was that they were within the predicted confidence interval. Time series analysis can be used as a basic tool to prepare for the low fertility era in the field of pediatric dentistry.

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Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Various Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Agents

Youngjun HAM ; Miran HAN

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):264-273. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.264

Due to the development of properties of adhesive materials currently used in dentistry, the bonding ability between the brackets and the tooth enamel has been greatly improved. In general, in situations where cooperation can be obtained, adhesion of the orthodontic bracket through the conventional three-step process can show excellent bonding strength. However, if it is difficult to expect patient cooperation, as in the pediatric dentistry area, or if moisture isolation is not properly performed, the binding strength that does not reach the expected effect. As a result, various products that simplify the process for adhesion are being developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bonding strength between the conventional 3-step adhesion system, self-etching primer system and one-step adhesion system that reduces the priming process. A total of 60 human maxillary, mandibular premolars were prepared. Group I (control group) were followed conventional 3-step bonding process. Group II were conditioned with self-etching primer. Group III were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and brackets were bonded with self-priming adhesive. The resultant shear bond strength of each group was measured and an adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded. The mean shear bond strength of group I, II, III were 14.69 MPa, 11.21 MPa and 12.21 MPa respectively. Significant differences could only be found between group I, II and group I, III (p < 0.05). The ARI indicated no significant difference among all groups.

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Frequency of Buccal Pits and Defective Buccal Pits in Mandibular Molars of Children and Adolescents

So Yung KIM ; Je Seon SONG ; Ik-Hwan KIM ; Hyung-Jun CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.2022;49(3):253-263. doi:10.5933/JKAPD.2022.49.3.253

A buccal pit is a prominent point-like depression that appears at the cervical end of the mandibular molar developmental grooves. A defective buccal pit can be defined as a buccal pit in which the continuity of the dentinoenamel junction is broken and the pit extends to the dentinal level. This study aimed to determine the frequency of buccal pits and defective buccal pits in un-erupted mandibular first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The analysis was performed on CBCT images taken from 417 Korean children and adolescents who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital between 2004 and 2020. Based on cross-sectional views of CBCT images, buccal pits were categorized into 4 classes according to the depth of the pits. The expression rate of the buccal pits was 29.1%. The prevalence of defective buccal pits was 7.9%. The buccal pits tended to develop bilaterally. To date, this is the most comprehensive study on the frequency of buccal pits with the largest sample size. This was the first attempt worldwide to analyze the depth of the buccal pit using CBCT images and to define a defective buccal pit worldwide.

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