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The Effect of Cyclic Compressive Strain on the Differentiation of Osteoblast-Like Cells (MC3T3-E1) in 3-D Scaffold.

Jung Kyu KIM ; Tae Soo LEE ; Eun Hee BAE ; Yang Sook PARK ; Kui Won CHOI

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):69-75.

We examined the effect of an applied cyclic compressive strain on the growth and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cultured in a three-dimensional chitosan scaffold. The specially designed testing apparatus for mechanical stimulus was developed for uniaxial cyclic compressive strain. Cyclic compressive strain was applied over a period of 17 days with 150 cycles per day at a frequency of 0.5hz. Strain magnitude was 2.5% of the scaffold length. Control group and mechanically stimulated group were incubated and harvested at the indicated times. (day 3, 7, 10, 14, 17) The total amount of protein and alkaline phosphatase activity were examined. The total amount of protein of the control group was higher than that of the mechanically stimulated group. This was due to cell death for the nodule formation and calcium deposit of the mechanical stimuli group which resulted in cell differentiation. The alkaline phosphatase activity increased slightly in the control group. However, in the mechanical stimuli group, it increased significantly and reached its peak level on day 7 and subsequently its activity dropped to a level that was higher than the level at day 4(p < 0.05). Conclusively, it can be noted that the mechanical stimulus significantly accelerated the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcium ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Chitosan

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The Effect of High Dose Methotrexate loaded Acrylic Cement in Type II Collagen Induced Arthritis in Rats.

Jung Hwan SON ; Gu Hee JUNG ; Jae Do KIM ; So Hak CHUNG ; Myung Rae CHO

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):61-68.

PURPOSE: We had examined the effect of high dose MTX loaded acrylic cement in the treatment of type II collagen induced arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we used inbreed rat(16weeks - 20weeks) and divided into control group and experimental groups. inbreed rat was induced arthritis by prepared collagen through injection at the tail base. The control group was injected with collagen only. but the experimental groups were inserted intraperitoneally MTX-loaded acryl cement: 25mg, 20mg, 15mg, and 10mg MTX in acrylic cement (0.5gm) respectively. The histopathologic results were investigated to determine the effect of MTX on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 42th, and 56th day after inserting high dose MTX loaded acrylic cement which was inserted intraperitoneally 2weeks later of collagenase injection RESULTS: The arthritis index of the MTX-loaded groups had reduced than arthritis index of the control group according to the dosage and In histopathological test, the experimental group injected with 15mg, 20mg, and 25mg of MTX had distinctive effects, compared to the control group, as dosage chronologically. CONCLUSION: The treatment of high-dose MTX loaded acrylic cement might be effective on rheumatoid arthritis managment.
Animals ; Arthritis* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Collagen ; Collagen Type II* ; Collagenases ; Methotrexate* ; Rats* ; Tail

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In Vitro Release of Vancomycin from Vancomycin-loaded Demineralized Bone Coated with Hematoma.

Kee Hyung RHYU ; Soo Taek LIM ; Hee Joong KIM

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):55-60.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to find a method to utilize demineralized bone matrix as a vehicle for local delivery of the antibiotics for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine bone blocks with the same size were randomly divided into 4 groups. Using Demineralization and hematoma coating, the different characteristics were given to each group, and Vancomycin was adsorbed to these bone blocks. We performed two identical experiments with Phosphate-buffered Saline and Fetal Bovine Serum as a solute. We exchange the solution with 24-hour interval for 6 weeks. The eluted concentrations of Vancomycin at each week were measured. RESULTS: Regardless of the solution used, the eluted concentration of Vancomycin was significantly higher in demineralized and hematoma-coated group than those of other groups. The eluted concentration of Vancomycin were 22.6ng/ml at week 6 in saline condition and 12.4ng/ml at week 5 in serum condition. CONCLUSIONS: We thought that demineralized and hematoma-coated cancellous bone can be used as a good vehicle for local antibiotics delivery.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Matrix ; Hematoma* ; Osteomyelitis ; Vancomycin*

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Apoptosis in the meniscus of human osteoarthritic knee.

Hyun Ki YOON ; Seung Suk SEO ; Jang Suk CHOI ; Jae Keun PARK ; Young Joo KIM

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):43-54.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine whether meniscal degeneration in human osteoarthritis(OA) was related with the occurrence of apoptosis, the expression of nitrotyrosine and Fas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Menisci were obtained from OA patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty and from normal subjects who were operated an above knee amputaton. According to histologic degeneration, menisci were graded to normal, grade 1(mild), grade 2(moderate), and grade 3(severe). Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL method and electron microscopy. Meniscal sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of nitrotyrosine and Fas expression. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells were significantly increased in OA meniscus compared with normal meniscus(p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells were increased with tissue degeneration. On electron microscopy, the typical chromatin condensation in the OA meniscus was shown in apoptotic cell. The number of Fas-expressing cells was significantly higher in the OA meniscus(p < 0.05). Nitrotyrosine immuno reactivity was prominent in the degenerative menisci(p < 0.05). Fas and nitrotyrosine expression were increased with degree of tissue degeneration. An increase in number of apoptotic cells was correlated with tissue degeneration but not with age . CONCLUSION: Apoptosis was suggested as one of the causes in the tissue degeneration of the human OA meniscus. The development of apoptosis in the meniscus may be related with Fas and nitrotyrosine expression but not with age.
Apoptosis* ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Chromatin ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Knee* ; Microscopy, Electron

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Fixation Strength Analysis of Press-Fit Technique in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Porcine Lower Limb.

Hyun Chul JO ; Sang Cheol SEONG ; Tae Su BAE ; Jin Dae JANG ; Myung Chul LEE

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):34-42.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial fixation strength of press-fit technique compared with titanium and biodegradable interference screws in ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty porcine lower limbs were used. The graft in the press-fit group was harvested with a hollow oscillating saw to obtain a consistent and complete circular shape and that in the interference screw group was obtained with a conventional oscillating saw. With preload of 20 N, the specimens underwent 250 loading cycles between 0-2 mm of displacement. Thereafter, the specimens were loaded to failure after restoration of the preload. RESULTS: During the cyclic loading, none of press-fit or interference screw fixations failed and there was no significant difference in maximum loads between the groups. In groups of press-fit fixation with diameter of bone plug being larger that that of the femoral tunnel by 1.4 mm, the ultimate failure load was comparable with that of the titanium or biodegradable interference screw groups. The complete circular shape and increased diameter of the bone plug seemed to contribute the strong initial fixation. CONCOUSION: Press-fit fixation technique provides a secure and consistent fixation strength comparable with the metal or biodegradable interference screws.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts ; Knee ; Lower Extremity* ; Titanium ; Transplants

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The Effect of the Cross-pins on the Fixation Stiffness using Finite Element Method in Fracture of Femoral Shaft.

Moon Kyu LEE ; Jung Kyu KIM ; Kui Won CHOI ; In Ho CHOI ; Gon KHANG

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):26-33.

PURPOSE: A compression plate fixation was generally used in the fracture of a femoral diaphysis but it produced the stress shielding problem which resulted in a decrease of bone mass and impaired mechanical properties. This study was designed to compare with the stiffnesses of three different internal fixation types ; fixation with only plate, with only cross-pins, and with both a plate and cross-pins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To compare the stress distribution and stiffness of three types of fixation devices, the device-bone system are analyzed under axial compression(70Kg) and 3-point bending(500Nmm) in planes using the 2-D finite element method(ABAQUS 5.8). Also the stiffness of each device was evaluated at seven different time points during fracture healing by increasing Young's modulus of callus. RESULTS: The plate fixation model had the highest stress distribution and occurred the stress concentration in the cortex beneath the plate. During the healing of bone fracture, the fixation with cross-pins relatively had a higher compression and bending stiffness. The fixation with only cross-pins was as stiff as that with an only plate in bending but less stiff than in compression. CONCLUSION: The internal fixation added to cross-pins may decrease the stress shielding problems due to dispersing the stress concentration and also improve the stiffness of a device-bone system.
Bony Callus ; Diaphyses ; Elastic Modulus ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone

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Effect of BaSO4 in Bone Cement on Rat Osteoblast.

Yong Sik KIM ; Young Kyun WOO ; Jin Wha CHUNG ; Seong Chul YANG ; Soon Yong KWON ; Eun Jung LEE ; Kweon Haeng LEE

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):20-25.

PURPOSE: We hypothesize that the presence of barium sulfate debris plays an influential role to deteriorate the balance of bone remodelling around prosthesis via cytotoxic mechanism to osteoblast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblasts were obtained from the neonatal rat calvarium, and SiO2, TiO2 , PMMA and BaSO4 particles were prepared for the evaluation of particle induced cytotoxicity to osteoblast. Osteoblasts were grown in DMEM and then were seeded into 6 well culture plates. 1.0wt% solution of each particle was added to culture medium to generate a final concentration of 0.1wt%, and 0.005wt% of various particles in each well, respectively. The measurement of intracellular calcium was conducted using various agonists of calcium. The cell viability assay for osteoblast was performed with MTT reduction assay and the mineralization of the matrix was checked by Von Kossa staining. ELISA kit was used to quantify the level of osteocalcin in osteoblast. RESULTS: BaSO4 significantly lowered the cell viability. All particles except TiO2 increased [Ca(2+)]i transiently, and the rank of differential cytosolic [Ca(2+)]i was in order as follows; SiO2, BaSO4, and PMMA. The mineralization was significantly prohibited in SiO2 and BaSO4(0.1wt%), however the PMMA showed no definite inhibitory effect on bone mineralization. PMMA(0.1wt%) and BaSO4(0.1wt%) showed significantly inhibitory effect on osteocalcin production. CONCOUSION: In higher concentration, BaSO4 has a cytotoxic effect on osteoblast and inhibitory effect of osteocalcin production as well as mineralization of osteoblast. Also, this study has shown that the concentration of intracellular calcium is strongly influenced by exposure to BaSO4 particles in vitro. The effect of BaSO4 on osteoblast observed in this study could have implications for the role of BaSO4 particles on osteoblast function at aseptic loosening of cemented total joint arthroplasty.
Animals ; Arthroplasty ; Barium Sulfate ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium ; Cell Survival ; Cytosol ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Joints ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rats* ; Skull

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Degree of degeneration and Chondroitinase ABC treatment of human articular cartilage affect the adhesion of transplanted chondrocyte.

Eun Mi KIM ; Jae Ho YOO ; Sang Hoon LEE ; Sang Cheol SEONG ; Hee Joong KIM ; Myung Chul LEE

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):13-19.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of chondrocyte degeneration on chondrocyte adhesion, cell proliferation, proteoglycan and collagen synthesis and the effect of chondroitinase ABC on them. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Human cartilage explant and chondrocytes were harvested from patients underwent knee replacement arthroplasties for osteoarthritis. The articular surface was cut into a disc. Cartilage discs were grouped by grade of degeneration; normal (G0), superficial fissure (G1), and deep fissure (G2). Human chondrocytes were transferred onto cartilage discs pretreated with Chondroitinase ABC. The number of the attached chondrocyte and the cell proliferation and the amount of secreted proteoglycan and collagen was measured. The morphology of transplanted chondrocyte and cartilage surface was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: The number of chondrocytes attached to G1, G2 cartilage disc is greater than that of cells attached to G0 disc. The proliferation of chondrocyte attached to G1, G2 cartilage disc is greater than that of cells attached to G0 disc. Chondroitinase ABC treatment increases chondrocyte proliferation in G0 cartilage disc, but decreases chondrocyte proliferation in G1, G2 cartilage disc. The proliferation of transplanted chondrocyte is greater in G1, G2 group than G0 group. The amount of proteoglycan and collagen synthesized by transplanted chondrocyte is greater in G1, G2 group than G0 group. Chondroitinase ABC treatment decreases proteoglycan and collagen synthesis. At 21 days after transplantation, the degenerated surface of G1 or G2 cartilage disc was covered with the matrix synthesized by the transplanted chondrocyte. The degenerated surface of cartilage disc became very similar with normal articular cartilage surface with the new matrix made by transplanted chondrocyte under SEM. CONCOUSION: In this in vitro study, the transplanted chondrocytes onto osteoarthritic cartilage could repair the defects on the surface of osteoarthritic cartilage. The transplanted chondrocyte attached, proliferated, synthesized proteoglycan and collagen better on the surface of degenerated cartilage than on that of normal cartilage, and Chondroitinase ABC treatment of cartilage surface enhanced the cell attachment and inhibited proteoglycan and collagen synthesis. These findings may be applied to developing a new method of intraarticular chondrocyte injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Proliferation ; Chondrocytes* ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase* ; Collagen ; Humans* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoarthritis ; Proteoglycans

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Cadaveric Study of Robotic Femoral Canal Preparation by Gauge Based Registration in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Ho Chul SHIN ; Young Bae PARK ; Yong San YOON ; Choong Hee WON ; Young Yong KIM

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):8-12.

PURPOSE: To propose a method providing an accurate femoral shaping for cementless total hip arthroplasty to maximize bone contact without femoral bone breakage and make secure correct position of the implant by eliminating the manual broach process MATERIALS AND METHODS: 5-cadaver specimens were tested with this system. A reamer-shaped registration gauge is inserted into the femoral canal. This gauge defines the position of the implant to be inserted. Then, the base frame is attached to the femur and the position of the gauge with respect to the base frame is measured. After removing the gauge, a mini robot is mounted on the frame and shapes the femoral canal. After the milling operation, model implant is inserted and its position and gap are measured. RESULTS: Anteversion angle error was 0.9degrees(S.D.1.7) and Varus/Valgus alignment error was 1.1degrees(S.D.1.5). 95%(S.D. 3.2) of contact surface had less than 0.3mm gap error. CONCLUSIONS: Proposed THA surgery system increased the accuracy of stem position and fitness compared with manual operation. Our mini robot THA surgery provides most of the benefits RobodocR does while operating procedure is much more simplified and economic.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Cadaver* ; Femur

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The Change of the Mechanoreceptor in Anterior Cruciate Ligament following Injury of Posterior Cruciate Ligament in the Rabbit.

Young Bok JUNG ; Whui Jae JIN ; Tae Jin LEE ; Ho Joong JUNG

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2002;5(1):1-7.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study was to evaluate the changes in the mechanoreceptor in the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) in relation to the healing course following transected posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adult New Zealand White rabbits were used in our study. The PCLs of 40 rabbits were transected at mid-substance on one side. Sham operation was performed on the contralateral side, which served as their own control. At postoperative 2nd, 12th, 24th and 36th week, subsequent changes of the mechanoreceptors were examed histologically with modified gold-chloride staining and arthritic change of cartilage was examed by gross inspection. RESULTS: On gross inspection, the healing process of the transected PCLs began to appear at 6th week, since then the width has steadily increased. There was no evidence of cartilage degeneration from 6th week to 36th week. The number of mechanoreceptor was statistically decreased and morphological degradation was seen as compared with the control side at 6th, 12th and 24th week. The number of type 2 and type 3 mechanoreceptor had been statistically increased over time as the healing of PCL progressed. CONCLUSION: In rabbit model, the mechanoreceptor in ACL changed in response to the stability of the knee with injured PCL. But, further studies are necessary to explain the correlation between the change of mechanoreceptor in ACL and development of arthritis in the knee with injured PCL
Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthritis ; Cartilage ; Humans ; Knee ; Mechanoreceptors* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Rabbits

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