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The Effect of Pamidronate on Prevention of Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats.

Jang Seok CHOI ; Seung Seok SEO ; Jong Ho PARK ; Kyu Min KONG

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.1998;1(1):115-123.

Many agents for the treatment of osteoporosis are broadly classified as inhibitors of bone resorption and stimulators of bone formation. Many pharmacological derivatives of bisphosphonates are used in the treatment of osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Although the pamidronate, derivative of bisphosphonates, has a potent antiresorptive activity, there are only a low reports about prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis using it. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of bone metabolism and bone mass after pamidronate administration during the early period of estrogen deficiency. Ninty-five Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 233-243 g) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1(n=28) was performed sham operation. Group 2 (n=25) was both ovariectomized and intravenously injected with 0.5 cc normal saline. Group 3 (n=42) was both ovariectomized and intravenously injected with 0.1 mg/kg pamidronate. During the first 8 weeks normal saline or pamidronate was intravenously injected twice a week(q 3 day or q 4 days). After 4 weeks of observation without injection the experiental animals were sacrificed at postoperative 12 weeks. There were statistically significant decrease in the body weight and the weight of uterus in group 1 compared with group 2, 3. There was statistically significant decrease in the bone mass of the spine, proximal femur, proximal tibia in the group 2 compared with group 1, 3. The difference of bone mass between group 1 and 3 was statistically insignificant. Serum osteocalcin and PICP concentration were significantly increased in group 2 and 3 compared with group 1. But there was no statistical significance between group 2 and 3 in serum osteocalcin and PICP concentration. Serum ICTP concentration was significantly decreased in group 1 and 3 compared with group 2, but the difference between group 1 and 3 was insignificant. These results suggests that the administration of the pamidronate during the early period of estrogen deficiency can inhibit bone resorption and prevent trabecular bone loss of the spine, proximal femur and proximal tibia metabolically.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Bone Resorption ; Diphosphonates ; Estrogens ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Ovariectomy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spine ; Tibia ; Uterus

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Regeneration of Low Heat-Treated Sciatic Nerve of Rabbit: Application of Intraoperative Nerve Action Potential.

Young Ho KWON ; Gyung Sig YOO

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.1998;1(1):111-114.

Measurement of the evoked action potential in muscle as an adjunctive to the clinical evaluation of peripheral nerve lesion resulted in the more frequent use of compound muscle action potential to evaluate peripheral nerve problems. Recently, the intraoperative use of nerve stimulation and recording technique have made it possible to evaluate the peripheral nerve problems intraoperatively. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to address this question in rabbit sciatic nerves and to determine intraoperative stimulation and recording technique are practical in clinical situations. A low-heat injury to the sciatic nerve was induced by perfusing 60degrees C saline around the nerve for 30 minutes and followed the courses of functional and morphological recovery of the nerve for 16 weeks. The results are ,summarized as follows ; In the test of compound muscle action potential(CMAP), the average amplitude and the onset latency were markedly attenuated at 4 and 8 week after the low-heat treatment (1.2mV, 4.2mV)(3.58msec, 2.68msec)(p=0.045, p=0.039). It progressively reverted to tile control level, showing 0.63 msec at 16 weeks. In the test of intraoperative nerve action potential(INAP), the average amplitude and the onset latency were attenuated at 4 and 8 weeks after the low-heat treatment(1.8mV, 2.1 mV)(1.18msec, 1.05msec)(p=0.041, p=0.043). There existed a significant positive correlation between the amplitude and onset latencies of INAP and CMAP measured in Low-heat group(r=0.67, r=0.71, p=0.003, p=0.009). Similar pattern of amplitude and onset latency between tests of CMAP and INAP suggests that INAP was practical and useful.
Action Potentials* ; Nerve Regeneration ; Pasteurization ; Peripheral Nerves ; Regeneration* ; Sciatic Nerve*

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Immunohistochemical Study on the Effects of the Sciatic Nerve Transection on the Astroglial Cells of the Spinal Cord in Rats.

Ye Soo PARK ; Jae Lim CHO ; Se Jin HWANG ; Ho Sam CHUNG

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.1998;1(1):98-110.

GFAP(glial fibrillary acidic protein), a major compositional protein of intermediate filaments of astrocytes, is known to be increased in the process of reactive astrocytosis following various neurotoxic injury. Fibronectin, an extracellular glycoprotein, is known to be absent in normal glial cells in matured animals, but it can be re-expressed after the insult of the nervous system. To investigate tile neuronal and glial changes resulting from neurotoxicity induced by sciatic nerve resection, morphological and immunohistochemical studies were made in the rat spinal cord following sciatic nerve transection. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Nuclear pyknosis, chromatolysis of the neuronal cells and increased microglial cells were observed in dorsal horns. And motor neurons of ventral horns were observed in the ipsilateral spinal cord after sciatic nerve transection . 2. Immunoreactivity of GFAP in dorsal and ventral horns was increased in ipsilateral spinal cord from 1 day to 4 weeks after sciatic nerve transection which showed maximal activity 1 week after transection. 3. Fibronectin immunoreactivity in ipsilateral spinal cord began to increase 1 week and reached maximal activity 4 weeks after sciatic nerve transection. It is consequently suggested that sciatic nerve transection induces the neuronal damages in dorsal and ventral horns. In addition, increased GFAP immunoreactivity is resulted from the activation of the astrocytes following neuronal degeneration, while increased fibronectin immunoreactivity may reflect the healing process of the peripheral nerve fibers.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; Fibronectins ; Gliosis ; Glycoproteins ; Horns ; Intermediate Filaments ; Motor Neurons ; Nervous System ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve* ; Spinal Cord*

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The Effect of Load Sharing Wiring on the Fixation of Transverse Fracture of Porcine Patella.

Jung Man KIM ; Chang Whan HAN ; Jae Duk RYU ; Cheong Ho CHANG ; Jin Wha CHUNG ; Seung Joon RYOO

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.1998;1(1):91-97.

Among many kinds of internal fixation techniques for the transverse fracture of the patella, AO modified tension band wiring technique and Pyrford technique have been widely used. However, it seems that those techniques are not strong enough to withstand immediate full weight bearing and full range of motion exercise postoperatively. Instead, a load sharing wiring technique seems to be more effective fixation technique. A comparative study was performed to evaluate the load sharing wiring technique using porcine patellae. Transverse fractures of thirty knees were made and were fixed with 3 different fixation technique. 1) AO modified tension band wiring technique, 2) Pyrford technique, and 3) Load sharing wiring technique. Then, those knees were mounted on the material testing system (Instron 4204(R)) and longitudinal traction was applied. The result showed that the separation of the fracture fragments was much less with the load sharing wiring technique than with the AO modified tension band wiring technique and the Pyrford tehchnique when 5 kg to 25 kg of traction was applied(P<0.05). The load sharing wiring technique showed less than 0.4mm of separation at 25~50kg of traction, where other techniques led specimen to failure. From this study, it was suggested that the load sharing wiring technique was proved to be more effective fixation technique compared to other techniques.
Knee ; Patella* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Traction ; Weight-Bearing

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Curvilinear Incision in Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Jin Hyeok SEO ; Ju Seon JEONG

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2014;17(2):41-45.

The most common complication of total ankle arthroplasty is skin problem including delayed wound healing, skin necrosis, and superficial wound infection. In the present study, we aimed to reduce the wound complications associated with total ankle arthroplasty using a curvilinear incision. We examined 5 patients with ankle osteoarthritis who underwent total ankle arthroplasty using a curvilinear incision from September 2012 to January 2013. Wound dehiscence was noted in 1 case, which was treated with a re-repair procedure at 13 days after the initial surgery. The use of a curvilinear incision in total ankle arthroplasty may reduce the associated wound complications.
Ankle* ; Arthroplasty* ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Osteoarthritis ; Skin ; Wound Healing ; Wound Infection ; Wounds and Injuries

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Risk Factor of Depression after Amputation In Treatment of the Lower Extremity Open Fracture Associated with Severe Soft Tissue Injury.

Hyeung June KIM ; Young Min NOH ; Hwan Bae KIM

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2014;17(2):33-40.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence rate and risk factors for depression after amputation in treatment of the lower extremity open fracture associated with severe soft tissue injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective case-control study of 30 patients, who underwent lower extremity amputation between March 2002 and February 2012 and subsequently followed up over 12 months. We classified the patients into two groups: group A (study group, depression expressed) and group B(control group, normal). The risk factors were then subdivided based on patient-related factors such as whether or not patients received psychiatric treatment, sociolopsychological environmental factors, and daily activities after recovery. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of depression was 40%;20 patients were male, and 10 patients were female (66.7% and 33.3%, respectively). Age (odd ratio=1.14), Accompanying injury (odd ratio=2.06), underlying disease, Psychiatric treatment (odd ratio=44.73), sociopsychological environment (odd ratio=17.53),daily activities (odd ratio=8.76) were significant. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the risk factors for depression after amputation are age, accompanying injury, and underlying diseases, irrespective of whether or not patients received psychiatric treatment, and not associated with isolated sociopsychological environments, or hypoactivity of daily living.
Amputation* ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression* ; Female ; Fractures, Open* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Soft Tissue Injuries*

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Difference of Kinematic Pattern According to the Severity of Limb Length Discrepancy: 3-Dimensional Analysis.

Sang Gyo SEO ; Moon Kee LEE ; Kang LEE ; Dong Yeon LEE

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2014;17(2):25-32.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the compensatory motion and extent of the patient with leg length discrepancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty seven patients with leg length discrepancy were tested by conventional gait analysis from 2003 to 2012. The patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Pelvic obliquity, hip flexion, hip abduction, knee flexion in stance and swing phase, and ankle plantar flexion were measured with regard to affected and unaffected limb. RESULTS: Pelvic obliquity, hip flexion, hip abduction, knee flexion in swing phase, and ankle plantar flexion were significantly difference between affected and unaffected limb. The range of motions in pelvic obliquity and ankle plantar flexion of affected limb were significantly higher according to severity of limb length discrepancy. CONCLUSION: The patients with limb length discrepancy have the different compensatory motion according to affected side and severity. We should adjust the target of treatment in consideration of limb length discrepancy.
Ankle ; Compensation and Redress ; Extremities* ; Gait ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Leg

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Difference in HLA-DR Expression of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Tri-lineage Differentiation.

Geum Ok BAEK ; Ji Hye SUNG ; Jeong Seok MOON ; Chul Won HA

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2006;9(2):188-194.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HLA-DR surface antigen in undifferentiated human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and after osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: hUCB-derived MSCs were differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Differentiation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR. The expression of HLA-DR was assessed with antihuman HLA-DR antibody in undifferentiated hUCB-derived MSCs and after tri-lineage differentiation. RESULTS: HLA-DR expression was negative in undifferentiated hUCB-derived MSCs and after osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. However, HLA-DR surface antigen was expressed after chondrogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION: The immunologic properties of hUCB-derived MSCs differ from known reports on bone marrow derived MSCs from the results of this study. Careful immunological survey seems to be needed in case of considering the transplantation of hUCB-derived MSCs differentiated into chondrocytes or cartilaginous tissue.
Antigens, Surface ; Bone Marrow ; Chondrocytes ; Fetal Blood* ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Humans* ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Umbilical Cord*

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Pathologic Changes of Blood vessels and Extracellular Matrix in the Subsynovial Connective Tissue of Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Jin Rok OH ; Sung Kwan HWANG ; Yong Min KIM ; Young Joon SIM

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2006;9(2):176-187.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate pathologic changes of blood vessels and perivascular tissue in subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by examining elastin distribution and vascular morphology and by observing ultrasturctural changes of extracellular matrix using transmission electron microscope (TEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Verhoeff-van Gieson stain was used to identify histopathology and to localize elastin in the SSCT of the middle finger flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) within the carpal tunnel in ten CTS patients and ten cadaver specimens as control group. In each specimen, the elastin density within and around vessels was calculated with image analyzing software including Adobe photoshop 6.0 and Scion image analysis. The vessel number per unit area and the mean thickness of vessel walls were also calculated. The ultrastructural changes of SSCT were compared between the specimens of both groups by TEM. RESULTS: The mean elastin density within vessels was 0.10 +/- 0.03 (p=0.001) in the CTS group and 0.18 +/- 0.04 in the control group. The mean elastin density around vessels was 0.15 +/- 0.04 in the CTS group and 0.23 +/- 0.04 in the control group (p=0.002). The mean number of vessels per unit area (0.00155 mm2) was 0.36 +/- 0.12 in the CTS group and 0.15 +/- 0.10 in the control group (p=0.002). The mean thickness of blood vessels was 38.10 +/- 20.60 micrometer in the CTS group and 18.90 +/- 3.68 micrometer in the control group (p=0.023). In general, the severer the vascular hypertrophy and obstruction, the less elastin noted within and around blood vessels. The TEM showed some important ultrastructural changes in SSCT of CTS. Generally, SSCT contained two kinds of cells, fibroblast-like cells and macrophage-like cells. And these cells and elastin were dispersed among collagen fibrils. In SSCT of control group, the collagen fibrils showed round margin and uniform diameter in transverse section, and showed similar thickness in longitudinal section. However, in SSCT of CTS, the collagen fibrils had irregular margin called "spiraled collagen"and variable diameter in transverse section, and uneven thickness in longitudinal section. In addition, the elastolysis and the phagocytosis of the changed collagen fibrils were observed. CONCLUSION: SSCT of CTS showed significant decrease of elastin density within and around vessels along with degenerative histopathological vascular changes. In addition TEM revealed ultrastructural abnormalities like metamorphosis of collagen fibrils, phagocytosis of spiraled collagen fibrils and elastolysis. Therefore, it is suggested that pathology of CTS may involve active cellular processing related to ischemic cellular environmental changes in carpal tunnel as well as well known pathology of nerve.
Blood Vessels* ; Cadaver ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue* ; Elastin ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Pathology ; Phagocytosis

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Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on Bone Metabolism: Serologic & Radiological Study in Mouse.

In Ho JEON ; Jae Hwan JEONG ; Hyun Kee LEE ; Jung Sook JIN ; Youn Kwan JUNG ; Hyo Jin KIM ; Hee Jung JIN ; So Hyun PARK ; Rae Joon PARK ; Im Hee SHIN ; Je Yong CHOI

Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Research Society.2006;9(2):165-175.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low energy-ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on bone metabolism and turnover in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five-week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into two groups. Control group (n=35) was not exposed to UVB and experimental group (n=35) was exposed to low energy-UVB for 30 min a day during 7 days. Serological and radiological examination was performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 week(s) of each group (n=7). RESULTS: Analysis of biochemical bone markers revealed that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected higher in the UVB group compared to control group. Serum level of osteocalcin was higher in UVB group at 1st week after UVB irradiation (p=0.031). The mean value of Vitamin D was significantly higher in UVB group than control group (p=0.032). Bone mineral density (BMD) from both 5th lumbar spine (p=0.124) and femur (p=0.862) showed higher in UVB group than control group from two weeks after irradiation, but they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our study with radiological bone mineral density and serological tests for biochemical bone turnover markers revealed that ultraviolet irradiation contributed positive effect on bone formation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Femur ; Metabolism* ; Mice* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Serologic Tests ; Spine ; Vitamin D

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