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Risk Factors for Subjective Memory Impairment in Cognitively Normal Elderly.

Seung HUH ; Jung Jae LEE ; Seok Bum LEE ; Minha HONG ; Kyung Kyu LEE ; Ki Chung PAIK

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):92-97.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the risk factors for subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. METHODS: One hundred fifty five cognitively normal elderly individuals with subjective memory impairment and 126 normal control subjects without subjective memory impairment were selected. All participants underwent clinical evaluation for dementia and clinical psychiatric disorder conformed to the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet and Korean version of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale-Revised was administered to evaluate depression. Subjective memory impairment was defined as 1) subjective memory complaint by the participant and/or the informants and 2) evidence of memory impairment. RESULTS: Depression [odds ratio (OR)=1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-1.10] and female (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.17-4.39) significantly increased the risk of subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. CONCLUSION: Depression can be a risk factor of subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. The clinicians should be vigilant regarding the presence of depression when assessing the subjects with subjective memory complaint.
Aged* ; Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Memory* ; Risk Factors*

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Jun Ho LEE ; Young Min CHOE ; Min Soo BYUN ; Hyo Jung CHOI ; Hyewon BAEK ; Bo Kyung SOHN ; Dong Young LEE

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):86-91.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of co-morbid depression and related factors of depression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. METHODS: Nine hundred and six MCI individuals were included in this study. Depression was defined as major and minor depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Depression-related demographic and clinical factors were also explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In MCI patients, the prevalence of depression as defined according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was 1.8% for major depressive disorder, 11.4% for minor depressive disorder, and overall 13.2% for both. Multivariate logistic regression showed that increased prevalence of overall depression was associated with female gender and non-amnestic subtype of MCI. CONCLUSION: Our findings based on a large number of MCI subjects who visited memory clinic indicated that more than ten percent of MCI patients have comorbid depression. In addition, female and non-amnestic subtype of MCI patients seems to be more vulnerable to depression.
Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Memory ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Prevalence*

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Relationship between Premorbid Personality and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia in Korean Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Minsook GIM ; Youngmin CHOI ; Dongwoo LEE

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):81-85.

OBJECTIVE: We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between premorbid personality and behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) in Korean patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: We assessed 103 patients diagnosed with AD for the presence of BPSD over the disease course by using the caregiver-rated Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI) and for the premorbid personality by using a retrospective version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory questionnaire completed by informants. RESULTS: Premorbid neuroticism was significantly correlated with delusion, agitation, anxiety, disinhibition, total K-NPI score (p<0.05), and sleep disturbances (p<0.01). Lower premorbid conscientiousness was significantly correlated with symptoms of hallucinations and sleep disturbances in AD patients (p<0.05). However, premorbid neuroticism and low premorbid conscientiousness did not act as independent predictors for "psychosis, hyperactivity," or "moods, apathy, frontal" factors of BPSD. CONCLUSION: Premorbid personality was associated with the K-NPI score, but was not observed to be potential predictors of BPSD.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delusions ; Dementia* ; Dihydroergotamine ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies

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Association between Cognitive Subdomains and Insight in Alzheimer Disease: A Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea Study.

Youngdon KIM ; Sang Ha KIM ; Woojae MYUNG ; Junbae CHOI ; Hyeyeon YOON ; Hyo Shin KANG ; Duk L NA ; Seong Yoon KIM ; Jae Hong LEE ; Seol Heui HAN ; Seong Hye CHOI ; Sang Yun KIM ; Doh Kwan KIM

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):76-80.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive subdomains and insight into one's cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: We recruited 1,722 patients with AD from the Clinical Research of Dementia of South Korea study and designed a cross-sectional study. Each patient's cognitive subdomain was assessed by using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia version. Severity of dementia was evaluated by Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Insight into one's cognitive impairment was categorized as 'with insight' and 'without insight' through interview with patient's caregivers. RESULTS: Among the 1,722 patients with AD, 1,475 patients were included in the 'with insight' group and the remaining 247 patients were included in the 'without insight' group. Subjects in the 'without insight' group had lower K-MMSE and CDR-SB scores than those in the 'with insight' group. After controlling for demographic data and dementia severity, higher scores on both attention function (odds ratio=1.12, 95% confidence interval : 1.03-1.21) and frontal-executive function (odds ratio=1.03, 95% confidence interval : 1.01-1.05) significantly predicted the membership to 'with insight' group. CONCLUSION: In patients with AD, attention and frontal-executive function were associated with insight into one's cognitive impairment.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Caregivers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Seoul

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Alcohol Consumption as Risk Factor for Progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia : A Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea Study.

Jinyoung KIM ; Sangha KIM ; Woojae MYUNG ; Hyo Shin KANG ; Duk L NA ; Seong Yoon KIM ; Jae Hong LEE ; Seol Heui HAN ; Seong Hye CHOI ; Sang Yun KIM ; Doh Kwan KIM

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):69-75.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at high risk for dementia. Excessive alcohol consumption is known to adversely affect cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk for dementia in a cohort of MCI patients. METHODS: Participants (n=416) with (MCI) who met Petersen's criteria were recruited from a nationwide, prospective cohort study of dementia and were followed for a median of 17.52 months (range 5.4-63.48). Alcohol consumption was evaluated at baseline. RESULTS: One hundred twenty seven individuals (30.5%) developed incident dementia (115 Alzheimer disease) during follow-up. Patients with current alcohol consumption at baseline had a higher rate of progression to Alzheimer's dementia than those without current alcohol consumption (hazard ratio 1.61 ; 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.53). CONCLUSION: Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of progression to Alzheimer's dementia in patients with MCI.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Alzheimer Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Dementia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

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The Impact of Religiosity on Suicide Ideation & Related Variables in the Aged Dwelling in Community.

So Yeon KIM ; Jae Hoon JUNG ; Yoo Sun MOON ; Kwang Yong JEON ; Do Hoon KIM

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):64-68.

OBJECTIVE: This study tried to investigate the effects of religiosity on suicide ideation, depression and well-being in older people. METHODS: We analyzed data of 455 subjects over 60-year old who responded to Duke Religion Index, Suicidal Ideation Scale, Short Geriatric Depression Scale of Korean version and WHO-Five Well-Being Index. We compared each score of the scales between religious group and non-religious group and tested the moderating effect of religiosity on the relationship between depression and suicide ideation. RESULTS: Only well-being score of religious group was higher than that of non-religious group. Organizational religious activity had moderating effect on the relationship between depression and suicide ideation. The elderly people who frequently participate in organizational religious activity had low suicide ideation level even if they feel depressed. CONCLUSION: Religiosity can be a protective factor on suicide in elderly people by giving positive effect on well-being and decreasing suicide ideation.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide* ; Weights and Measures

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The Relationship among Psychopathology, Cognitive Function, Insight and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia.

Kyungki HONG ; Joon Noh LEE ; Seon Jin YIM ; Jung Min KIM ; Euihyeon NA ; Moon Hwa HONG ; Hyeree HAN

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):55-63.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association with psychopathology, cognitive function, insight and quality of life (QOL) in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia over age 55. METHODS: 103 schizophrenic patients over age 55 with illness duration over 10 years, are enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The subjects were assessed by the Korean version of 4th Revision of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale, Korean Version of Scales to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the cognitive function battery designed for this study. Multiple regression stepwise selection models were executed to identify the relations among variables, and the contributing factors to QOL. RESULTS: Among schizophrenic patients with lower illness-severity with PANSS total score below 75, higher PANSS positive subscale score and lower number of hospitalization were related to lower QOL. Among patients with higher illness-severity with PANSS total score of 75 and over, higher PANSS general psychopathology subscale score, better intelligence, better delayed recall function, worse attention, better awareness of medication effect and later onset were related to lower QOL. CONCLUSION: Results of our study suggest that improvement in positive symptom and general psychopathology could increase the QOL in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia over age 55. And the management which could improve attention, awareness of need for medication would attribute the QOL.
Aged* ; Cognition ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Mental Disorders ; Psychopathology* ; Quality of Life* ; Schizophrenia* ; Weights and Measures

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Correlation between Head Circumference and Cognition in the Elderly.

Hye Won BAEK ; Sang Joon SON ; Kang Soo LEE ; Hyun Jung KIM ; Ki Jung CHANG ; Hyun Woong ROH ; Yunhwan LEE ; Jong Hwan BACK ; Jai Sung NOH ; Young Ki CHUNG ; Ki Young LIM ; Chang Hyung HONG

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):51-54.

OBJECTIVE: Head circumference (HC) has been reported to be an index of cognitive functioning in the elderly and in Alzheimer's patients. The object of the study is to find the relationship between HC and cognition. METHODS: A total of 7,603 subjects over 60 years of age were analyzed from preliminary data of Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study. HC was manually measured and cognitive functioning was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). RESULTS: Correlational analysis showed that HC was associated with age (r=-0.14, p<0.01), education (r=0.33, p<0.01), height (r=0.26, p<0.01), and K-MMSE (r=0.28, p<0.01). Also, even after adjusting for confounding variables (age, education, height, gender) the positive association between HC and K-MMSE score remained significant (beta=0.18, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that HC may play an important role in predicting cognitive impairment in the elderly.
Aged* ; Cognition* ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dementia ; Education ; Gwangju ; Head* ; Humans ; Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Association of Pain with Suicidality in Depressed Elderly.

Kyu Soo OH ; Kyoung Ho HAN ; Jee Eun PARK ; Ji Hoon SOHN ; Maeng Je CHO

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2014;18(2):45-50.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the factors associated with suicidality among the elderly, focusing pain as the potential correlate. METHODS: This study was a community-based, cross-sectional study that included 413 elderly subjects aged 60 years and over with depression. Suicidality and pain were evaluated using Suicidal Ideation Scale and Geriatric Pain Measure, respectively. Participants were classified into two groups : 1) those with mild-to-moderate pain ; 2) those with severe pain. The risk of suicidality was determined using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, education, literacy status, marital status, living arrangement, the type of medical insurance, employment status, and the number of chronic medical illnesses. RESULTS: Among all subjects with depression, fifty-one (12.3%) presented clinically significant levels of suicidality. Those with severe pain were more likely to have suicidal idea (adjusted odds ratio : 20.49 ; 95% confidence interval : 8.15-51.51 ; p value : < 0.001) than those with mild-to-moderate pain, after adjusting for other variables. Other sociodemographic and clinical variables were not associated with the risk of suicide after adjustment. CONCLUSION: The severity of pain was strongly and independently associated with suicidality in the elderly individuals. This study suggests that the pain management should be emphasized to lower the rate of suicide in those experiencing depression in the late-adulthood.
Aged* ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Insurance ; Logistic Models ; Marital Status ; Odds Ratio ; Pain Management ; Residence Characteristics ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide

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Usefulness of Comprehensive Neuropsychological Tests for Diagnosis of Dementia.

Dong Woo LEE ; Je Wook KANG ; Seung Ho RYU ; Kang Joon LEE ; Eun Joo HAN ; Han Yong JUNG

Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry.2006;10(1):48-53.

OBJECTIVES: The rapid increase of elderly people with dementia poses a strategy for effective management of dementia. The recent progress in pharmacotherapy of dementia have overcome the past therapeutic nihilism, and gives the hope that dementia can be managed by early diagnosis and early intervention. Accordingly, the use of comprehensive neuropsychological test for early diagnosis is emphasized. METHODS: In this study, we tried to evaluate the necessity and the usefulness of comprehensive neuropsychological tests in the diagnosis of dementia, by reviewing the guidelines for dementia, the researches about comprehensive neuropsychological tests, and by asking the experts about the necessity and the usefulness of comprehensive neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: As a result we came to know that there are many tests which comprehensively covers the cognitive domains, and can be performed in relatively short time. The guidelines recommend that the use of comprehensive neuropsychological tests should be decided by the clinician. Many experts were the same opinion. CONCLUSION: There are many useful comprehensive neuropsychological tests, the use of which should be decided by the clinician.
Aged ; Dementia* ; Diagnosis* ; Drug Therapy ; Early Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Hope ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests*

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