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Comparing the process of early control of government between H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai in 2013 and COVID-19 in Wuhan in 2019

Li LUO ; Ge BAI ; Rui ming DAI ; Qian WANG ; Huan huan ZHU ; Xin LIU ; Ping WU ; Tian Tian ZHANG

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(0):E069-E069. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20122

[Objective] To analyze and judge the possibility of early control in Shanghai if COVID-19 begins in Shanghai. [Methods] Compare the process of early control of H7N9 avian influenza in Shanghai in 2013 and Wuhan COVID-19 in 2019. The early incidence data of Korean COVID-19 was simulated and analyzed to predict whether the medical resources needed in Shanghai were available. [Results] (1) It would take 22 days from the first case to the government's emergency response in terms of Shanghai. (2) It is estimated that there would be 602-763 patients with cumulative onset and onset after incubation period. (3) At least 500 beds of infectious diseases can be allocated in Shanghai in case of emergency. Through adding beds and resources reallocation in the whole city, patients can be fully admitted and treated. [Conclusion] If COVID-19 epidemic occurs in Shanghai, early control is possible.

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Cure and mortality trend in the early outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China

Xiao jie TAN ; Zhi jun QIAN ; Hong wei ZHANG

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(0):E068-E068. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20081

[Objective] To investigate the cure and mortality trend in the early outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, enhance the entire epidemiological knowledge about COVID-19, screen the more effective evaluation indicators, and supply the solid evidence for assessing the prevention and control measures and input-output. [Methods] The daily new confirmed cases, the cumulative cure and death cases in China and Hubei Province and outside Hubei Province, which were reported officially from January 20, 2020 to February 20, 2020, were collected to calculate the fatality rate, the ratio of the numbers of cumulative cure cases to cumulative death cases, et al, and to make the epidemiological description. [Results] Till Feb 20, 2020, the fatality rate of COVID-19 in Hubei Province was 3.42%, which was a little higher than that of the global country (2.96%). The fatality rate of COVID-19 outside Hubei Province in China was 0.71%. The trends on the indexes, including the daily new cure cases, daily new death and the ratio of cumulative cure cases to cumulative death, in Hubei Province and the whole country was highly consistent, while the significant difference existed between Hubei Province and outside Hubei Province in China. The daily ratio of cumulative cure cases to cumulative death in Hubei Province (the global country) exhibited the U trend, which reached to the lowest point on Jan 27 and subsequently grew more rapidly after Feb 5. [Conclusion] The ratio of cumulative cure cases to cumulative death was easier and effective to reflect the outbreak situation than other absolute indexes like the daily new cure cases or death. Since Feb 5, 2020, the daily cure status of COVID-19 was superior to the daily death, which indicated the effectiveness of series of the joint defense and control measures from our government and society. However, plenty of challenges exist when recovering the normal production and life if the epidemic reaches to be sustainably defensed and controlled.

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Effect evaluation on mobile medical APP for treatment of outpatients with type 2 diabetes

Chenyu Han

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;31(1):64-69. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18994

Objective: The study aims to assess the effectiveness of mobile medical App in the management of outpatients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM). Methods: A total of 114 patients with T2DM were randomly divided into mobile medical group (trial group) and traditional face-to-face follow-up group (control group).Every patient received an electronic blood glucose meter, an electronic sphygmomanometer and an electronic weight scale.Patients in the trial group were treated with a telemedicine system and patients in the control group with a conventional outpatient follow-up model.The study was conducted for 6 months. Results: A total of 114 patients were eligible for inclusion and participated in the study voluntarily.At the end of the study, with 1 patient lost and 3 patients withdrawing from the study, 53 patients completed the study in the trial group, while there were 2 patients lost and 55 patients completing the study in the control group. At the end of the study (6 months), the ratio of HbA1c < 7.0% in the trial group was higher than that in the control group (45% vs 29%, P < 0.001), and the difference in HbA1c levels between the two groups was obvious(P=0.032).Compared with the control group, the trial group had better control of BMI, SBP, TG and ALT (P=0.026, P=0.043, P=0.001, P=0.048).Other clinical indicators had no significant difference. The numbers of self-monitoring blood glucose, blood pressure and body weight were higher in the trial group than those in the control group (P=0.009, P=0.033, P=0.045).In terms of safety, the numbers of hypoglycemia in the trial group was lower than those in the control group (2.0% vs 6.4%, P=0.044). A lower number of specialist visits was reported in the telemedicine group (53 vs 87, P=0.031), while the number of emergency and hospitalizations did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion This study confirms that telemedicine systems can improve the awareness of self-management in patients with T2DM and enhances the communication between doctors and patients.

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Epidemiological survey on a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan

Hong ZHOU ; Han wu ZHU ; Bai tang CHEN ; Wen HENG Z ; De biao HENG HE ; Jian HENG HUANG ; Shao feng HENG OUYANG ; Jun xiao HENG HUANG ; Hui HENG TAN

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(2):E009-E009. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20078

Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of a family aggregation COVID-19, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of family aggregation epidemic. Methods] Field epidemiological methods were used to investigate the cases and close contacts of a family aggregation COVID-19 in Y County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province. Descriptive statistical analysis was used on epidemiological data . The 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Results It was found that Ms. Deng was infected with COVID-19 and became the infectious source of the family aggregation epidemic , who had lived in Wuhan Hubei Province. Her boyfriend Mr. Cao became a second-generation case of COVID-19..Another two asymptomatic but infected persons were family members living with Ms.Deng . Conclusion COVID-19 easily spreads within families. The awareness of family members' protection, the education of new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control in key groups should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence and spread of family aggregation epidemic.

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Preliminary analysis on the incidence trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Shanghai

Ying jian WANG ; Na ZHANG ; Han lu LV ; Yi biao ZHOU

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(2):E006-E006. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20041

Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in Shanghai. Methods The epidemical data on NCP in Shanghai from January 20 to February 3, 2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results The number of cumulative confirmed and suspected cases increased first and then decreased from January 20 to February 3, with the peak date being January 30 and January 29 respectively. The day-on-day growth rate of the suspected cases and the cumulative confirmed cases declined after January 27. Among the confirmed cases, the proportion of the exposure history of relevant confirmed cases was on the rise. The total number of confirmed cases of the resident population exceeded that of the population from other places to Shanghai, and Pudong new area had the largest number of confirmed cases. Conclusion The incidence of NCP showed a slowdown trend in shanghai, but it also faces the pressure of the peak of population returning to city, which should be paid enough attention to.

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Incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China

Yi fan CHEN ; Guang wen CAO

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(2):E007-E007. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20053

Objective To investigate the epidemical characteristics and analyze the incidence trend of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Methods The daily new confirmed cases of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China from January 25 to February 8,2020 were collected for epidemiological descriptive analysis. Results During the period from January 25 to February 8, 2020, the number of daily new confirmed cases fell for five consecutive days, from 890 cases on February 3 to 509 cases on February 8. Conclusion The incidence of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) slowed down in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) except Hubei and Xinjiang production and construction corps , but the overall situation is still not optimistic. It is imperative to pay close attention to the origin and destination of migrant workers and the incidence of disease in various areas, and take targeted measures to strengthen prevention and control of the disease.

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Current situation and trend of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries

Minghui HAN ; Hongji FANG ; Dongjian YANG ; Chenyan JIANG ; Chuanwei CHEN ; Heixng WANG

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2020;32(2):E008-E008. doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20063

Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.

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Edible oil safety in Shanghai catering service

Chang-Hong FU ; Chong-Qian QIU ; Jie LI ; Ye-Qing LIU

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2013;(8):425-428.

[Objective] To investigate the purchase and use of edible oil , as well as recycling of kitchen waste oil in Shanghai catering service units , providing reference for relevant regulatory authorities .
[ Methods] A total of 976 units of various types of catering service in Shanghai were selected via strati-fied sampling methodology , a self-designed questionnaire used to investigate the purchase and use of edi-ble oil, as well as recycling of kitchen waste oil .Meanwhile, an on-site rapid detection technology was used to test items including acid value , peroxide value , polar components of unused pre -packaged edible oil and also the process of using frying oils on site . [ Results] The amount of edible oil used in catering service units of Shanghai was about 1235 tons per day;6.0% of the oil purchased was bulk cooking oil , which accounted for 5 .6%of the total amount consumed;44 .3%of the catering service units signed with professional companies for the recycling of kitchen waste oil;3615 samples were detected using an on -site rapid detection , of which 17 were suspected to be positive .The lab confirmed that test results were quali-fied. [ Conclusion] The edible oil used in Shanghai catering service units is safe in general , while bulk cooking oil may have potential safety hazards .Food practitioners have low awareness of health risk caused
by using edible oil repeatedly and for too long time , which makes some enterprise use “old oil” for too long;There does exist the possibility of kitchen waste oil returning to food chain as its recycling has not been standardized .

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Epidemiological analysis of mumps from 2004 to 2012 in Taizhou City

Wei LI ; Yan JIN ; Yue CHANG

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2013;(8):437-439.

Objective ] To describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps from 2004 to 2012 in Taizhou City . [ Methods ] Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis on the evidence and outbreak data of mumps from China information system for disease control and prevention . [ Results] A total of 24153 mumps cases were reported in Taizhou City during 2004-2012, with annual average reported incidence of 47.0/lakh.The reported incidence peak occurred during April -July and from November to late January .Up to 40.33%of the cases occurred in children aged 6 to 9 and 56.43%of the total cases were students .The outbreak occurred in the schools and pre -schools , mainly in the primary school (81.25%). [Conclusion] Dynamic surveillance and health education should be enhanced on focus groups in schools and nurseries , particularly in peak months so as to take early and comprehensive preventive measures .

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Epidemiological analysis on measles in Changning district of Shanghai during 2008 -2012

Yan JIANG ; Hong PANG

Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine.2013;(8):441-443.

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characters and tendencies of measles by in-vestigating its incidence among inhabitants in Changning District of Shanghai , in order to provide scientific basis for measles control and prevention . [ Methods] Measles cases were collected in Changning Dis-trict from 2008 to 2012 and epidemiological features were analyzed .Besides, vaccine inoculation status was investigated and data analyzed . [ Results] The results showed that a total of 78 measles cases were re-ported in Changning District during 2008 -2012.The annual average incidence of measles was 1.94/100 000.The incidence in floating population was higher than that in local residents .The high incidence period was from March to June .Disperse resident children , commercial workers and retired workers were the top three groups of people which had the highest incidence .The onset ages showed to be a bimodel pattern , ap-pearing to move toward poles.The incidence ratio between man and woman are 1.05∶1. [Conclusion] Control of measles in floating population should be focused on in Changning District and it is suggested that measles vaccination be done among women of child -bearing age and migrant workers .

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