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Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training with Elastic Taping on Forced vital capacity and Sway Area in Stroke Patients

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):121-125. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.121

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the forced vital capacity and sway area of respiratory muscles taping with threshold inspiratory muscles training for 1 week. Methods: Nineteen stroke patients were divided into two groups: experimental group (respiratory muscles taping with threshold inspiratory muscles training, n=10) and control group (threshold inspiratory muscles training, n=9). Forced vital capacity tests were performed using a spirometer. The instrument records the forced vital capacity (FVC). COP excursion test was performed using Zebris. The instrument records the sway area. All tests were measured before and after intervention. Results: The experimental group and control group showed significant increase in FVC (p<0.05). The sway area showed a significant decrease only in the experimental group (p<0.05). The FVC and sway area was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion Threshold inspiratory muscles training is an effective intervention for improving FVC. Threshold inspiratory muscles training with respiratory taping is an effective intervention for improving FVC and sway area. Threshold inspiratory muscles training with respiratory taping can improve balance ability.

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Analysis of Research Trends Using G-power in Physiotherapy Research in Korea: Systematic Review

Ki Hyun BAEK ; Mi Soo LIM ; Mi Ho PARK ; Hee Ae SEO ; Dong A HYEON ; Hyoung-won LIM

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):114-120. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.114

Purpose: This study examined the research trends using G-power centered on major Korean registered sites and presents the research trends of studies with a high level of evidence.Method: This study selected three research journals listed in the Korea Research Foundation among physical therapy journals in the field of physiotherapy. The selected papers were classified according to the following: 1) study type, 2) study level, and 3) quality of the study.Result: Sixty-nine articles were selected and classified according to the study type. The musculoskeletal system, central nervous system, and others comprised 73.91% (n=51), 17.39% (n=12), and 8.7% (n=6), respectively. The results were classified into 62 experimental studies, four observational analytic studies, and three descriptive studies. The experimental studies included 22 randomized controlled trials (level 2) and 40 non-randomized trials (level 3). Sixteen randomized controlled trials were classified for a qualitative evaluation, and 12 papers with a score of six or more (good) were found. Conclusion Many high-level studies were found in G-power, and the quality of the study was also good. Therefore, the effective number of samples obtained using G-power is one of the ways to enable high-quality research.

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Inter-rater Reliability of Cervical Proprioception, Dynamic Balance and Dorsiflexion Range of Motion Using STARmat®

Ji-Won PARK ; Seol PARK

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):88-93. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.88

Purpose: This study examined the inter-rater reliability of cervical proprioception, dynamic balance ability, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion using STARmat®, which is a practical clinical tool that can provide practitioners and patients with quantitative and qualitative results. Methods: Thirty healthy young subjects were enrolled in this study, and two well-trained physical therapists participated as a tester. Two testers measured the cervical joint position error at the starting position after neck flexion, extension, side bending, and rotation; three dynamic balance tests, including anterior excursion, anterior reaching with single leg balance, and posterior diagonal excursion; and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion using STARmat®. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the inter-rater reliability of the tests. Results: The inter-rater reliability for the cervical proprioception ranged from moderate to good (0.66 to 0.83), particularly for flexion (0.82), extension (0.70), right side bending (0.73), left side bending (0.71), right rotation (0.83), and left rotation (0.66). For the dynamic balance, the inter-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent (0.87 to 0.91), particularly for anterior excursion (0.86), posterior diagonal excursion (0.87 to 0.89), and anterior reaching with a single leg balance (0.90 to 0.91). In addition, for the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, the ICC for the inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.95 to 0.96. Conclusion STARmat® is a reliable tool for measuring cervical proprioception, dynamic balance tests, and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in healthy young adults.

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Effect of Neurodynamics on Pain and Paresthesia in Post-operated Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

Ki-ryong JANG ; Ji-Won PARK ; Kiseok NAM

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):80-87. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.80

Purpose: Some patients who have undergone surgery due to lumbar disc herniation still complain of leg pain and other abnormal sensations. Therefore, the study examined the effects of the neurodynamics on pain and other abnormal nerve sensations in post-operated patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: The participants of this study comprised 20 adults (10 males and 10 females) who were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. The subjects were classified into two groups of 10 patients each in the lower extremity neurodynamics (LEN) and lumbar stabilization exercise (LSE) groups. Each intervention was applied twice a day for one week and was composed of two different exercise patterns; one was applied by a therapist, and the other was performed by the patients themselves. The data were analyzed using assessment methods of Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI), Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system (TCNSS), Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR) test, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scale. Results: Significant differences in TCNSS, DITI, ODI scale were observed between the LEN and LSE group (p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the SSR test between pre and post-treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that neurodynamics treatment is effective in pain reduction and abnormal sensations, such as leg muscle cramps, in post-operated patients with lumbar disc herniation.

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Use of the Talk Test for Comparison of Exercise Intensity between Aerobic Activities with Treadmill and Bicycle

Yonghyun KWON ; Jong Sung CHANG

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):132-136. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.132

Purpose: The talk test (TT) is an alternative, self-reported method for prescribing and guiding exercise training in both healthy adults and patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. This study examined whether the TT is a valid tool for evaluating the exercise intensity during two different types of aerobic activity on a treadmill or stationary bicycle in a healthy population. Methods: A total of ten subjects (six males and four females) who had no medical history related to musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disorders were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated using the TT, which consisted of three-level of difficulties demanding cardiac loads while performing aerobic activities on a treadmill and bicycle ergometer across two consecutive days in a counterbalanced manner. During the activities, the psychophysiological response markers were collected in terms of the heart rate, oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion, and metabolic equivalents. Results: Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the between-subject variance regarding the TT level effect (p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant findings were detected on the between-group variance(p>0.05) and the TT level×group interaction (p>0.05). The independent t-test indicated no significant differences in heart rate, oxygen saturation, rating of perceived exertion, and metabolic equivalents at any levels of the TT in the two groups. The TT showed a strong correlation with the rating of perceived exertion. Conclusion This study showed that the TT is a valid and alternative tool for evaluating the aerobic exercise intensity in a healthy population. In addition, differences in the psychophysiological response markers between two aerobic activities, treadmill and bicycle ergometer, were detected in the same exercise intensity scaled with the TT. The TT can be used to evaluate and prescribe the exercise intensity of aerobic activity in cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy.

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Effect of a Five-week Scapular Correction Exercise in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain

Kang-Seong LEE

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):126-131. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.126

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the change in pain, Neck Disability Index score, and the craniovertebral angle by performing scapular correction exercise or general neck exercise for five weeks in participants with mechanical neck pain. Methods: A total of 31 participants were randomly assigned between the scapular correction exercise and the general neck exercise groups, and all participants performed intervention for 40 minutes each, three times a week for five weeks The effects were evaluated by measuring the Visual Analog Scale score, the Neck Disability Index score, and the craniovertebral angle, before and after the intervention. Independent t-tests were used to compare differences between two groups, and to compare differences between pre- and post-intervention, paired t-tests were used. Results: As measured before and after the intervention, the scapular correction exercise group showed significant improvement in all variables (p<0.05), while the general neck exercise group improved only in the neck disability index score. The differences between the two groups revealed further improvement in the scapular correction exercise group compared to the general neck exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusion We found that five weeks of the scapular correction exercise to modify the position and movements of the scapula is clinically an important treatment tool for recovery from chronic mechanical neck pain symptoms and restoration of proper neck function.

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Effects of Knowledge of Result Versus Knowledge of Performance on Treadmill Training on gait ability in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jin PARK

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):107-113. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.107

Purpose: This study compared the walking ability of chronic stroke patients following either treadmill training with knowledge of the result (KR group) or treadmill training with knowledge of the performance (KP group). Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: a KR group (10 patients) and a KP group (9 patients). They received 30 minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and treadmill training 30 minutes, five times a week for three weeks. The gait parameters were measured before and after training using the Optogait system. Results: After the training periods, the KR group showed significant improvement in gait speed, cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait assessment compared to the KP group (p<0.05). Conclusion The results showed that treadmill training with KR was more effective in improving the gait speed and cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait ability than the treadmill training with KP. Therefore, to improve the walking ability of stroke patients, it is necessary to consider treadmill training with KR. If it can be combined with conventional neurological physiotherapy, it would be an effective rehabilitation for stroke patients.

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Dose Motor Inhibition Response Training Using Stop-signal Paradigm Influence Execution and Stop Performance?

Sung Min SON

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):70-74. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.70

Purpose: This study examined whether 1) the motor inhibition response as cognitive-behavioral component is learning though a stop signal task using stop-signal paradigm, and 2) whether there is a difference in the learning degree according to imagery training and actual practice training. Methods: Twenty young adults (males: 9, females: 11) volunteered to participate in this study, and were divided randomly into motor imagery training (IT, n=10) and practice training (PT, n=10) groups. The PT group performed an actual practice stop-signal task, while the IT group performed imagery training, which showed a stop-signal task on a monitor of a personal computer. The non-signal reaction time and stop-signal reaction time of both groups were assessed during the stop-signal task. Results: In the non-signal reaction time, there were no significant intra-group and inter-group differences between pre- and post-intervention in both groups (p>0.05). The stop-signal reaction time showed a significant difference in the PT group in the intra-group analysis (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant intra-group difference in the IT group and inter-group difference between pre- and post-intervention (p>0.05). Conclusion These results showed that the motor inhibition response could be learned through a stop-signal task. Moreover, these findings suggest that actual practice is a more effective method for learning the motor inhibition response.

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Effect of Action Observation Training Using Y-Balance on Balance Capability in Young Adults

Sung Min SON ; Kyung Woo KANG

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):65-69. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.65

Purpose: This study examined the effects of action-observation training using the Y-Balance on the balance ability of young adults. Methods: Thirty-four healthy adults were randomized into an action-observation group (n=17) or a control group (n=17). All subjects performed the Y-Balance test before and after watching the video. The action observation group watched a video of someone performing a Y-Balance test, and the control group watched a video of scenery unrelated to the training. The subjects were measured through a Y-Balance test for both the length of the legs extended in three directions and the Y-balance composite score. Results: A significant difference in the Y-balance composite score was observed between the two groups. A part of the direction of the extended leg in the action observation group was increased significantly (posteromedial direction of the right leg, posterolateral direction of the right leg, posteromedial direction of left leg) compared to the control group. Conclusion These results suggest that action observation training only could help improve balance.

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Effects of Intra-abdominal Pressure with Visual Feedback on Muscle Activation of Upper Trapezius and Sternomastoid during Forced Inspiration in Individuals with Costal Respiration

Kwang-Su KIM ; Hwa-Kyung SHIN

Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2020;32(2):75-79. doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.75

Purpose: This study analyzed the immediate effects of intra-abdominal pressure with visual feedback on the muscle activation of the upper trapezius and sternomastoid during natural inspiration and forced inspiration in individuals with costal respiration. Methods: The eighteen individuals with upper costal breathing pattern participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and sternomastoid during natural inspiration and forced inspiration before and after intra-abdominal pressure. Results: A significant difference in muscle activation was observed with the muscle type, inspiration type, and test session (p<0.05). The muscle activities of the sternomastoid and upper trapezius decreased significantly during forced inspiration after intra-abdominal pressure training (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference during natural inspiration in both muscles (p>0.05). A comparison of the difference between the pre-test and post-test during forced inspiration revealed the upper trapezius to be significantly larger than the sternomastoid (p<0.05). No significant difference was noted during natural inspiration (p>0.05). Conclusion The intra-abdominal pressure has positive effects on correcting the breathing patterns in individuals with costal respiration.

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