We report a 55-year old lady with the presentation of stridor and type II respiratory failure requiringtracheal intubation. She had right Horner’s syndrome associated with pleural effusion. Her chest radiographrevealed right upper zone lobulated opacities and therefore right Pancoast tumor was the initial diagnosis.However, her CECT thorax revealed a huge right subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm with severe trachealcompression. This rare condition imposed a significant diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge. Vascularsurgery is the definitive treatment but it is associated with high risks. The exact role of rigid bronchoscopyfor airway stenting is unknown due to limited evidence available. Indeed, this form of central airwayobstruction may benefit from temporary tracheal stenting whilst the surgical repair of the lesion is planned.It may facilitate early weaning and allows less complicated airway control.

Hydroxychavicol (HC) is a phenolic compound of betel leaf (Piper betle). It has been reported to haveantifungal properties against dermatophytes including T. rubrum. The aim of this study was to identify theeffects of the HC against T. rubrum. Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the HC. Microscopic study of thetreated fungus was done by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cytotoxicity study using pre-adipocyte(3T3-L1) cell line was performed by means of MTT cell proliferation assay. The MIC and MFC results of theHC were both 0.49 μg/ml. Microscopic study revealed the destruction of the fungal cell wall and organelles.Cytotoxicity study showed HC to be non-toxic to the tested human cell line. In conclusion, HC maypotentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against T. rubrum infections.

Sleep disorder including insomnia is one of the complications of general anaesthesia. It is not uncommon andit is temporary but majority remains unnoticed and untreated. The effect of insomnia ranges from mild tosevere, influencing both physical and mental health. Surgeon and anaesthetist need to identify thiscomplication so that an appropriate treatment can be delivered. In complicated case, psychiatristinvolvement is crucial. The treatment is symptomatic and temporary. We reported a case of distressful sleepdisorder as a sequelae of general anaesthesia for mastoidectomy surgery. Subsequently after symptomatictreatment, he recovered completely and regained his normal sleep pattern.

In Islamic practice, the use of Qur’anic recitation in treatment can be traced back to thetimes of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This preliminary study aims to identify the potential of Qur’anicrecitation of Surah Al-Fatihah on the proliferation of chondrocytes derived from rabbit articular cartilage.Cartilage tissue engineering offers an alternative way to facilitate cartilage regeneration in-vitro. Materialsand Methods: The cellular model was established using a serially cultured and expanded chondrocytesin-vitro. The model was assigned into three groups. The first group was exposed to the Surah Al-Fatihah,recited 17 times based on the five times daily prayer unit (Raka’ah) obligated upon Muslims. The secondgroup was exposed to an Arabic poem recitation. The third group was not exposed to any sound and servedas the control. All groups were subjected to the growth profile analysis. The analysis was conducted atdifferent passages starting from passage 0 to passage 3. Results: The results showed that the cellsproliferation based on the growth kinetic analysis is higher for the cells exposed with Qur’anic recitation ascompared to the Arabic poem and control groups. Conclusions: The proliferation process of the rabbitarticular cartilage might be influenced with the use of Qur’anic recitation and as well as Arabic poemrecitation. Exposure to the Western poem recitation and mute sound will be added for future study. It ishoped that this study could shed some light on the potential use of the Qur’anic recitation to facilitatecartilage regeneration in tissue engineering studies.

The integration of human knowledge between the medical and health care sciences with revealedknowledge was established since the era of Al-Razi (Rhazes), Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) and others. However, the glorious period of Islamic medicine gradually declined afterthe period of 'Abbasiyyah and 'Uthmaniyyah. At present, many scholars tend to separate the modernmedicine and the revealed knowledge, resulting in the disconnection between these two fields. There islittle to suggest the presence of reference collections that integrate the Qur’an and Hadith with medicine.This review aimed to fill that gap. Relevant Qur’anic verses and authentic Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon him; henceforth PBUH) in relation to a specific field in medicine i.e. the anatomy of humanmusculoskeletal system was extracted. The musculoskeletal system is unique in which it forms the‘backbone’ of normal human posture. The system plays a vital role in maintaining human daily activities.From this review, it is noted that many Qur’anic verses and Hadith relate to the musculoskeletal system. Afew examples include the number human joints and its relationship with the daily prayers (Salah), the dailycharitable act recommended to all Muslim, the coccyx bone that is indestructible and shall be the source forhuman resurrection during the hereafter, and others. These examples necessitate for a more in-depthanalysis to enlighten the revealed knowledge from the medical perspective.

This paper presents a conceptual approach to the integration of Islamic perspectives into a Medical ImagingCurriculum to the concept of Outcome-Based Education (OBE). This work is seen within the context ofharmonising Islamic principles to a currently accepted concept in education. Although there have beendiscussions that question the concept of OBE, this paper contends that the integration can benefit from thepracticality aspect of OBE. This can reduce the complexities and fatigue in addressing the integration usingan educational approach that is different to that being applied to the human sciences. This paper featuresthe main elements in OBE in the form of Islamic programme educational objectives, Islamic programmeoutcomes, and Islamic domain learning outcomes. The justification to use domain learning outcomes insteadof course learning outcome is given. The teaching and learning strategies, as well as the assessment, areexamined through a lens that serves to provide a desirable, practical and holistic model of Islamicintegration. It is felt that the currently accepted teaching and assessment methodologies can be adapted forthe integration exercise. This work also highlights two often overlooked elements of OBE; teacher andstudent characteristics. The various terminologies that describe the Islamic teacher characteristics and thedifferences in student learning styles and preferences are presented. Furthermore, suggestions are made toalign the assessment of the integration to various taxonomies of learning, with the aim in evaluating theinternalisation of the Islamic essences. This work contents that a holistic approach towards integration ofIslamic perspectives into Medical Imaging curriculum can be realised.

The aim of this paper is twofold: Firstly, to provide introductory knowledge to the reader who has little orno knowledge of machine learning with examples of applications in clinical and biomedical domains, andsecondly, to compare and contrast the concept of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Qur’anic conceptof intellect (aql) in the Qur’an. Learning algorithm can generally be categorised into supervised andunsupervised learning. To better understand the machine learning concept, hypothetical data of glaucomacases are presented. ANN is then selected as an example of supervised learning and the underlyingprinciples in ANN are presented with general audience in mind with an attempt to relate the mechanismemployed in the algorithm with Qur’anic verses containing the verbs derived from aql. The applications ofmachine learning in clinical and biomedical domains are briefly demonstrated based on the author’s ownresearch and most recent examples available from University of California, Irvine Machine LearningRepository. Selected verses which indicate motivation to use the intellect in positive manners and rebuke tothose who do not activate the intellect are presented. The evidence found from the verses suggests thatANN shares similar learning process to achieve belief (iman) by analysing the similitudes (amsal) introducedto the algorithm.

This paper presents a conceptual framework in aligning the integration of Islamic values into the Medicalimaging practices through the aspect of Islamic Personality (IP). IP is a form of moral quality in thepsychological aspects of a human, which is governed by the belief in Allah as the One God and ProphetMuhammad (Peace be upon him) as His servant and His messenger. This work is seen within the context ofharmonizing Islamic values to the currently accepted professional attributes in medical imaging. Themedical imaging practice is comprised of various domains; basic principles in healthcare and medicalimaging, patient care, use of technology, the technicalities or procedures, quality, safety, economic,research and professionalism. In order to conceptualize the IP as applicable for Muslim Medical imagingpractitioners’ ten professional guidelines were examined. The extracted professional attributes were sortedinto common themes within the context of the above domains. From the examination of the guidelines, theexpected professional attributes of medical imaging practitioners are closely related to the concepts inIslamic ethics (‘ilm al-akhlaq) and circle around character building. There are nineteen commonprofessional personality traits that were determined from the Medical imaging professional guidelines; 1)respectful, 2) safe practice, 3) safe activity, 4) equality, 5) trustworthy, 6) honesty and integrity, 7)truthful, 8) responsible and accountable, 9) compassionate, 10) wisdom, and 11) being up-to-date, 12)competence, 13) teamwork, 14) self-reflection, 15) dignity, 16) ethical behaviors, 17) adhere to laws andregulations, 18) effective communication, and 19) continuity of knowledge and skills development. Some ofthese traits were interpreted within the Islamic perspectives as applicable for Muslim Medical imagingpractitioners. The outlined conceptual framework could be a model for improvement in the practice ofMuslim Medical imaging practitioners in terms of IP. In conclusion, the professional attributes as addressedin the current professional guidelines are feasible to be aligned with the IP to form a set of Islamicpersonalities that are applicable for Muslim Medical imaging practitioners.

The physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey are diverse according to origin of geographical orbotanical and fruit or flower season. These factors result in production of honey with different colour, pH,ash and water content although the bee species is similar. To date, the physicochemical properties ofhoney from Malaysian Trigona species are unknown. Therefore, determination of physicochemicalproperties of honey from stingless bee is crucial for Malaysian researchers in order to analyse the purity ofthe honey. Five honey samples were used for the current study. Four samples were stingless bee honeyfrom two of the most common domesticated Malaysian stingless bee species; Trigona thorasica and Trigonaitama. Meanwhile, one sample was from Tualang honey. For stingless bee honey, the values for pH,moisture content, electrical conductivity, ash content and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were 2.79±0.04 to2.95±0.02, 28.3±0.68 to 33.7±0.51, 0.47±0.22 to 0.55±0.38, 0.132±0.03 to 0.532±0.83 and 0.080±0.16 to3.42±1.03, respectively. The colour of stingless bee honey varies based on observation or absorbanceassay. The study described the physicochemical properties derived from Malaysian bees of Trigonathorasica, Trigona itama, and Api

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death among females in less developedcountries. Drugs used in the treatment of cervical cancer were reported to exert a cytotoxic effect on thenormal cells. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Quercus infectoria (QI) vaginal creamtowards cervical cancer cell, HeLa and its toxicity effect on the female rat model. Methods: MTT assayswere utilized to determine the median concentration (IC50) for cell cytotoxicity of QIA and QI vaginal creamagainst cervical cancer cells, HeLa. Expression of HPV E6 and E7 protein in HeLa cells treated with QI vaginalcream for 24 hours were conducted by Western blot analysis. In separate experiments, the toxicity of QIvaginal cream on a lower reproductive tract of the female rat model has been assessed by histopathologicalexamination after application for three weeks. The antioxidant activity of QIA extract and QI vaginal creamwere assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results: A moderate cytotoxicity activity exerted by QIAextract and QI vaginal cream against HeLa cell with IC50 values of 13.90 ± 2.27, and 20.80 ± 1.94respectively. Furthermore, QI vaginal cream suppressed the expression of HPV E6 and E7. Daily applicationof QI vaginal did not exert any inflammation to the vaginal mucosa and cervix. QIA extract and QI vaginalcream demonstrated high DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: Formulated QI vaginal cream hascytotoxic effect on HeLa cells without causing an adverse effect on the lower reproductive tract in femalerat mode