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Expression analysis of ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein mRNA during Xenopus development.

Md Mahfujur RAHMAN ; In Shik KIM ; Dong Choon AHN ; Ho Seong CHO ; Won Il KIM ; Bumseok KIM ; Gee Wook SHIN ; Jungkee KWON ; Md Rashedunnabi AKANDA ; Byung Yong PARK

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(3):181-184. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.181

Ciliary rootlet coiled coil protein (CROCC), the structural component that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of the ciliary rootlet, plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular integrity of ciliated cells. In the current study, we cloned Xenopus CROCC and performed the expression analysis. The amino acid sequence of Xenopus laevis was related to those of Drosophila, cow, goat, horse, chicken, mouse and human. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that CROCC mRNA encoding a coiled coil protein was present maternally, as well as throughout early development. In situ hybridization indicated that CROCC mRNA occurred in the animal pole of embryo during gastrulation and subsequently in the presumptive neuroectoderm at the end of gastrulation. At tailbud stages, CROCC mRNA expression was localized in the anterior roof plate of the developing brain, pharyngeal epithelium connected to gills, esophagus, olfactory placode, intestine and nephrostomes of the pronephric kidney. Our study suggests that CROCC may be responsible for control of the development of various ciliated organs.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basal Bodies ; Brain ; Chickens ; Clone Cells ; Drosophila ; Embryonic Structures ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Gastrulation ; Gills ; Goats ; Horses ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Mice ; Neural Plate ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger* ; Xenopus laevis ; Xenopus*

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Characterization of proteases isolated from Kudoa septempunctata.

Sang Phil SHIN ; Kosuke ZENKE ; Hiroshi YOKOYAMA

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(3):175-179. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.175

Proteases play important roles in parasite development and host parasite interactions. The protease of Kudoa spp. has been recognized as a key factor of severe proteolysis of fish muscle post-mortem; however, there is little information available regarding the protease of Kudoa (K.) septempunctata, which was recently identified as a cause of food poisoning in humans. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize proteases to elucidate the type of protease contained in the parasite and determine the optimal pH for protease activity. We confirmed the cysteine protease and metalloprotease produced by K. septempunctata. While the cysteine protease showed optimal activity at pH 5 that decreased rapidly with increasing pH, the optimal activity of metalloprotease was pH 7, and it remained stable from pH 6 to pH 8. These results indicate that the pH of cysteine protease is not proper for fish muscle postmortem, and that metalloprotease can act in human intestines. Overall, the present study provides important information that improves our understanding of the role of protease physiology and the subsequent food poisoning caused by K. septempunctata.
Cysteine Proteases ; Foodborne Diseases ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines ; Parasites ; Peptide Hydrolases* ; Physiology ; Proteolysis

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Retrospective study of the medical status of 34 Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanu) at the Taipei Zoo from 2003 to 2014.

Chu Lin KANG ; Jane Fang YU ; Hsueh LAI ; Jun Cheng GUO ; Lih Chiann WANG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(3):169-173. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.169

The Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) is an endemic subspecies in Taiwan. The original wild deer has been extinct since the late 1960s. The largest captive population is located at the Taipei Zoo. Except for infectious disease outbreaks, no systemic medical research has been reported for this subspecies. This study was conducted to analyze the medical status of the captive Formosan sika deer population, including the hematological and serum chemistry characteristics. To accomplish this, medical records for 34 Formosan sika deer from January 2003 to January 2014 were acquired and analyzed. The most common illness and cause of death was trauma, followed by gastrointestinal and respiratory disease, respectively. The hematologic and serum chemical values of healthy adults were quite different from those of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). This study provides a closer medical understanding of this subspecies and the results will facilitate its management.
Adult ; Cause of Death ; Chemistry ; Deer* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies* ; Taiwan

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Isolation and identification of canine parvovirus type 2b in Korean dogs.

Dong Kun YANG ; Kyung Suk KANG ; Hyun Ye JO ; Ha Hyun KIM ; Sung Suk CHOI ; Jae Young SONG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(3):163-167. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.163

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a major diarrhea-causing agent in puppies. Since CPV type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in 1978, new antigenic variants including CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c have been identified in many countries. Two puppies died suddenly at a veterinary clinic in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. Two viruses were isolated in A72 cells, confirmed as CPV strains based on a CPV rapid kit and an indirect fluorescence test and designated QIACP1403 and QIACP1404. The nucleotide sequences of complete VP2 genes of QIACP1403 and QIACP1404 were determined, and the corresponding amino acid sequences were deduced. Molecular analyses revealed that the QIACP1403 and QIACP1404 isolates were type CPV-2b. Several mutated amino acids were detected on VP2 gene residues of the two isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the two isolates were most closely related to strain CPV-BM11, which was isolated from Chinese dogs in 2011. Our results suggest that these isolates may be a candidate for a vaccine to prevent CPV infection in dogs after conducting passages of the isolates in an in vitro culture system.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; Dogs* ; Fluorescence ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Parvovirus, Canine*

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Evaluation of conservation of endangered species through somatic cell nuclear technology.

Sang Hwan HYUN ; Yeon Woo JEONG ; Kyu Chan HWANG ; Guk Jin LEE ; Il Suk YANG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(3):155-161. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.155

The number of wild animal species is gradually decreasing due to poaching, hunting and habitat loss. While several endangered animal species have been successfully preserved at the zoo, assisted reproductive technology (ART) must be applied to restore wild animals. In the case of critically endangered animals, somatic cell cloning is considered the most appropriate method of ART. Somatic cell cloning can be beneficial for the reproduction of endangered species with limited female populations. However, gene and cell banks, and understanding of reproductive physiology and optimization of ART for wild animals are urgently required for further activation of artificial reproduction of endangered species, which enlarges its application and maintains biodiversity. Care should also be taken to consider ethical and legal issues associated with somatic cell cloning for conservation of endangered animals.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species* ; Female ; Humans ; Physiology ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted

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Silhouette differences among cats do not suggest a general selection for paedomorphosis.

Pere M PARES-CASANOVA

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2013;53(3):155-158.

Paedomorphosis is the retention of juvenile morphology at maturity and is important in generating evolutionary change in domestic species and species in the wild. This preliminary study compared morphological characteristics of seven domestic cat pure breeds and felid species from around the world. An original procedure based on elliptical Fourier (EF) methods was applied to head lateral views of specimens and were assessed in order to analyse head profile. For comparative purposes three domestic kittens of different ages and three species of genus Lynx were also used. EF descriptors, allowed for the quantification of the head profile. Using the Fourier transform, reconstruction of the mean head profile revealed that there was a general shape difference between wild cats, domestic cats and kittens. Results suggested that variability in head profile differentiate quite well between adult cats and kittens, but domestic and wild cats appeared grouped into a similar cluster. The similarity between breeds can thus be attributed more to the general head profile than to flatness, i.e. to the general conformation rather than facial profile. Therefore, no effect of paedomorphism on the studied breeds can be undertaken. The present approach opens interesting ethnological perspectives for the aloidic characterisation for domestic breeds.
Adult ; Animals ; Cats* ; Fourier Analysis ; Head ; Humans ; Lynx ; Skull ; Subject Headings

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Animal poisoning in Korea in 1974-June 2013.

Hyunkyoung LEE ; You Chan BAE ; Boram LEE ; Kyunghyun LEE ; Kanghyun BAEK ; Myoung Heon LEE

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2013;53(3):149-153.

Animal poisoning has been occurred in Korea. However, the lack of the data about animal poisoning in Korea makes clinicians and diagnostician difficult to obtain information on poisoning cases. In this paper, we tried to gather information about animal poisoning from 1974 to June 2013 in Korea. Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA) record database were used to examine recent trends in animal poisoning. The analysis showed that the cattle was reported to be the most common species involved in animal poisoning and botulinum toxin constituted the primary group of toxicants. Animal poisoning occurred frequently on January and in Gyenggi-do. Although the data present in this manuscript is a little, it will be helpful to understand the general trend of animal poisoning in Korea.
Animals* ; Botulinum Toxins ; Cattle ; Korea* ; Plants ; Poisoning* ; Quarantine

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Induction of apoptosis in mouse spleen cells by Ginsenoside Rp1.

Young Kyun OH ; Hong Gu JOO

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2013;53(3):143-147.

Ginsenoside Rp1 is one of ginseng saponins with chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rp1 on spleen cells. Spleen is a major immune organ consisted of crucial immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and some antigen-presenting cells. Although the anti-tumor potential of Rp1 was studied, the effects of Rp1 on immune cells have not investigated yet. A viability assay using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometric analysis, Western blot analysis were used to detect cellular changes on Rp1-treated spleen cells. MTT assay showed that Rp1 decreased the viability of spleen cells. To further investigate the effects of Rp1 on activated spleen cells, we treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a representative inflammatory agent and Rp1 on spleen cells in a combination. The surface expression levels of activation markers for lymphocytes, CD25 and CD69 were measured. Apoptotic analysis revealed the cytotoxic effects of Rp1 on both naive and activated cells, and the expression pattern of some apoptosis-related proteins was correlated to apoptotic events of cells. Taken together, ginsenoside Rp1 increases the cellular death of spleen cells and also inhibits the LPS-induced activation of spleen cells.
Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Apoptosis* ; B-Lymphocytes ; Blotting, Western ; Ginsenosides ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocytes ; Mice* ; Panax ; Proteins ; Saponins ; Spleen* ; T-Lymphocytes

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Serological monitoring on brucellosis in livestock of Korea.

So Ra SUNG ; Ji Yeon KIM ; Moon HER ; Kichan LEE ; Sung Il KANG ; Hyang Keun LEE ; Hyo Rim CHO ; Jin Ju LEE ; Suk Chan JUNG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(4):197-201. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2014.54.4.197

In Korea, brucellosis has been reported periodically in cattle and rarely in dogs; however, it has not previously been screened in domestic animals such as elk, pigs and goats. To investigate the serological prevalence, serum samples were taken from the aforementioned animals annually during 2007-2013 and screened by the rose-bengal test (RBT) or modified RBT, after which positive sera were evaluated by the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Finally, RBT and STAT-positive sera were confirmed by competitive-ELISA. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from three elk that were shown to be positive serologically in 2008. There was no evidence of brucellosis in pigs. Based on serological monitoring and investigation of etiological agents, there is no evidence of outbreak of brucellosis in elk, pigs or goats of Korea since 2008. However, the possibility for brucellosis from cattle to affect these other livestock exists; therefore, extensive and continuous serological monitoring is required to maintain their brucellosis-free status.
Agglutination Tests ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Brucella abortus ; Brucellosis* ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Goats ; Korea ; Livestock* ; Prevalence ; Serologic Tests ; Swine

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Case report of Johne's disease in Korean black goat (Capra hircus aegagrus).

Moon Young RHYOO ; Ji Youl JUNG ; Kyung Hyun LEE ; Ji Woong HER ; You Chan BAE ; Hyun Kyoung LEE ; Kang Hyun BAEK ; Bo Ram LEE ; Young Hwa JEAN ; Jae Myung KIM ; Myoung Heon LEE ; Soon Seek YOON

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2013;53(4):273-276.

Two Korean black goat (approx. 2 and 3 years old) showing diarrhea and chronic weight loss were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, there were thickening of small intestine and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopically, they had granulomatous enteritis in the small and large intestine and granulomatous lymphadenitis. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast stain, strong positive reaction and acid-fast rod bacteria were detected. According to the result of histopathology and PCR, we confirmed this case as Johne's disease. As far as we know, this is the first report of Johne's disease in Korean black goat.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Crohn Disease ; Diarrhea ; Goats* ; Intestine, Large ; Intestine, Small ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Paratuberculosis* ; Pathology ; Plants ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Quarantine ; Weight Loss

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