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Alopecia areata in a spayed pug: clinical and immunohistochemical findings.

Seul Gy PARK ; Chang Min LEE ; Jae Ik HAN ; Seung Gon KIM ; Ha Jung KIM ; Hee Myung PARK

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):267-269. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.267

A two-year-old spayed female pug presented with symmetrical hyperpigmented alopecic lesions on her axillary and inguinal regions. There were no remarkable findings in dermatologic examinations and hormonal assays. Histological examination of biopsied tissues revealed prominent lymphocytic perifolliculitis along with shrunk hair follicles. Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD79a, CD4, and CD8 showed a positive stain for CD4 antigen around hair bulbs, suggesting CD4 positive T lymphocyte infiltration. This case suggests the possibility that CD4 T lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory reaction could be a main mechanism in canine alopecia areata. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the immunological mechanism in canine species.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Antigens, CD4 ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes

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Drug-induced blood cell dyscrasia associated with phenobarbital administration in a dog.

Han Byeol JUNG ; Min Hee KANG ; Hee Myung PARK

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):263-266. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.263

A 13-year-old, spayed, female Chihuahua dog was referred for evaluation of fever, lethargy, and dyspnea. Hematologic evaluation revealed severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and mild anemia. The dog had been undergoing phenobarbital therapy for the past 7 weeks because of generalized seizures due to meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. After ruling out other possible causes of cytopenias, a tentative diagnosis was made of drug-induced blood cell dyscrasia. The neutropenia and thrombocytopenia resolved after discontinuation of phenobarbital (8 days and 15 days after discontinuation, respectively). This is the first case report in Korea to demonstrate blood dyscrasia associated with idiosyncratic adverse effects of phenobarbital.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Animals ; Blood Cells* ; Diagnosis ; Dogs* ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Lethargy ; Leukopenia ; Neutropenia ; Phenobarbital* ; Seizures ; Thrombocytopenia

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Antibacterial and therapeutic effects of a combination of Coptidis rhizoma and Galla rhois extracts in piglets challenged with Campylobacter coli.

Soo Mi LEE ; Byung Wook CHO ; Chang Yeol YOO ; Suk KIM ; Song Ee SON ; Hu Jang LEE

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):259-262. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.259

The antibacterial effects of a combination of Coptidis rhizoma and Galla rhois extracts (CGE) were evaluated in piglets. The minimum bactericidal concentration of CGE was 2.0 mg/mL. Thirty 5-week-old piglets were challenged with Campylobacter (C.) coli after allocation to three different groups, a control and two treatment groups fed with CGE at 2.0 or 4.0 g/kg feed for 7 days. On day 7, C. coli in the feces of the CGE-treated groups were significantly lower than in the control (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CGE can be used to control C. coli in piglets.
Campylobacter coli* ; Campylobacter* ; Feces

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Therapeutic effect of oregano essential oil on subclinical bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Byung Wook CHO ; Chun Nam CHA ; Soo Mi LEE ; Mee Jeong KIM ; Ju Yeon PARK ; Chang Yeol YOO ; Song Ee SON ; Suk KIM ; Hu Jang LEE

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):253-257. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.253

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an aromatic herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) on clinical bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and/or Escherichia (E.) coli. Thirty-two quarters from 18 lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were selected from a dairy farm and were divided into 4 groups (8 quarters/group): negative control (CON), positive control (GEN) and two OEO-treated groups (OEO-1 and OEO-2). Each group was intramammarily treated with saline, 10 g/tube of gentamicin ointment, and single and double doses of 0.9 mL OEO ointment twice a day for three days, respectively. After the treatments, physical udder conditions were greatly improved in GEN and OEO groups. In CON group, somatic cell counts (SCCs), number of white blood cells (WBC) and bacteria were increased. However, in OEO groups, SCCs and number of WBC were significantly decreased and S. aureus and E. coli were not detected in milk as compared with those before the treatments as well as GEN group. These results suggest that OEO may be a useful alternative to antibiotics for the control of subclinical bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus and/or E. coli.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Cattle ; Cell Count ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Lamiaceae ; Leukocytes ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mastitis ; Mastitis, Bovine* ; Milk ; Origanum* ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus*

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A novel biomarker of exercise-induced stress in horses.

Seungwoo LEE ; Dayoung OH ; Myung Chul KIM ; Yongbaek KIM ; Doug Young RYU

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):247-252. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.247

Exercise is one of the most common stressors in horses. Although various physiological parameters such as cortisol respond to exercise, there is no reliable parameter for the measurement of exercise-induced stress in sport horses. This study was performed to discover a new biomarker with high sensitivity for exercise-induced stress. The expression of fos mRNA was increased more than 10-fold in horse blood samples collected after an hour of exercise, as compared with before the exercise. The plasma cortisol levels were also increased after the exercise, but only by about two-fold. The fos mRNA levels were well-correlated with plasma cortisol concentrations. These findings suggest that fos mRNA expression in blood may be useful for the measurement of exercise-induced stress in horses.
Horses* ; Hydrocortisone ; Plasma ; RNA, Messenger ; Sports

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Establishment of a live vaccine strain against fowl typhoid and paratyphoid.

Sun Hee CHO ; Young Jin AHN ; Tae Eun KIM ; Sun Joong KIM ; Won HUH ; Young Sik MOON ; Byung Hyung LEE ; Jae Hong KIM ; Hyuk Joon KWON

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2015;55(4):241-246. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.4.241

To develop a live vaccine strain against fowl typhoid and paratyphoid caused by Salmonella serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (Salmonella Gallinarum) and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis), respectively, several nalidixic acid resistant mutants were selected from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rough strains of Salmonella Gallinarum that escaped from fatal infection of a LPS-binding lytic bacteriophage. A non-virulent and immunogenic vaccine strain of Salmonella Gallinarum, SR2-N6, was established through in vivo pathogenicity and protection efficacy tests. SR2-N6 was highly protective against Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Enteritidis and safer than Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine strain SG 9R in the condition of protein-energy malnutrition. Thus, SR2-N6 may be a safe and efficacious vaccine strain to prevent both fowl typhoid and paratyphoid.
Bacteriophages ; Nalidixic Acid ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition ; Salmonella ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Typhoid Fever* ; United Nations ; Virulence

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Establishment of normal reference of radiological morphology of renal artery in mini-pigs by renal angiography.

Won Jae LEE ; Ji Yeon KIM ; Jae Hyung PARK ; Lisa Soyeon PARK

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):177-181. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.177

Mini-pigs have been widely employed in preclinical studies to explore new therapeutic strategies for diseases of the human urinary system; however, the normal reference of the renal artery has not been clearly investigated in the mini-pig model. Therefore, we aimed to establish a normal reference of the radiological morphology of the renal artery in mini-pigs by renal angiography via catheterization of the carotid artery. The renal angiographies obtained from 15 mini-pigs were evaluated to determine the orifice from the aorta, facing direction, size and the number of branches of renal arteries. Cranio-laterally facing renal arteries with 2 distal branches were mainly observed in the renal artery of mini-pigs. Both sides of the renal artery presented symmetrical sizes; however, the right renal artery orifice from the aorta was located more cranially than the left counterpart. The results of this study will contribute to radiological diagnosis of the renal artery as well as preclinical studies of mini-pigs.
Angiography* ; Aorta ; Carotid Arteries ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Renal Artery*

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Hens immunized with live attenuated Salmonella strains expressing virulence-associated genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli passively transfer maternal antibodies to chicks.

Gayeon WON ; John Hwa LEE

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):167-176. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.167

We investigated whether maternal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by dams immunized with recombinant vaccine candidates against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can passively confer protective immunity to chicks. In the present study, pBP244 plasmids carrying selected antigens of APEC were transformed into Salmonella Typhimurium JOL912, which was used as a vaccine candidate against APEC. The hens were immunized with the vaccine candidates using prime or booster doses. The levels of IgG and sIgA specific to the selected antigens increased significantly following prime immunization. To evaluate the persistence of passively transferred mAbs, the levels of IgY and IgA were determined in egg yolks and whites, respectively. The eggs from the immunized group showed consistently increased levels of IgY and IgA until week 16 post-laying (PL) and week 8 PL, respectively, relative to the control group. The presence of mAbs was observed in chicks that hatched from the hens, and titers of plasma IgY were consistently raised in those from the immunized hens by day 14 post-hatching. Further, chicks from the immunized hens were protected from challenge with a virulent APEC strain, whereas those from non-immunized hens showed acute mortality.
Antibodies* ; Egg Yolk ; Eggs ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Immunization ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mortality ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Plasmids ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Salmonella*

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Cardiocirculatory, biochemical and hemostatic evaluation of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism at diagnosis and after treatment.

Frederico Aécio CARVALHO SOARES ; Juliana Pereira MATHEUS ; Guilherme Luiz CARVALHO ; Elisa Barp NEUWALD ; Alan GOMES PÖPPL ; Stella Faria VALLE ; Félix Hilário Diaz GONZÁLEZ

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):161-166. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.161

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is a common endocrinopathy among dogs that causes multisystemic signs. This study was conducted to evaluate cardiocirculatory, biochemical, and hemostatic parameters in dogs with HAC at diagnosis, in addition to verifying whether abnormal parameters could be controlled by initial treatment with trilostane. Fifteen dogs with HAC were assessed by systolic blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, serum concentration of troponin I, and biochemical and hemostatic profile at diagnosis and after trilostane therapy. Unlike biochemical parameters, hemostatic and cardiocirculatory parameters were not significantly influenced by the onset of treatment. The authors believe that clinical treatment with trilostane for 3 to 4 months might not be sufficient for the stabilization of cardiocirculatory abnormalities such as hypertension. Therefore, dogs with HAC must receive cardiocirculatory monitoring at diagnosis and during drug treatment.
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction* ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiology ; Diagnosis* ; Dogs* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Endocrinology ; Hypertension ; Troponin I

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Effect of combined sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethyl cellulose on ocular surface in rat dry eye model.

Jong Gab MOON ; Sae Kwang KU ; Young Sam KWON

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):155-160. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.155

This study was conducted to evaluate three different mixed formulations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using a low-humidity air flow-induced rat dry eye model and determine the most suitable mixture. The total thickness of the cornea, corneal epithelial thickness, corneal stroma thickness, damaged corneal epithelium percentage region, thickness of the bulbar conjunctiva epithelium, number of goblet cells, goblet cell occupation percentage region, and damaged bulbar conjunctiva epithelium percentage region were measured by histomorphological evaluation. After 5 h exposure to drying airflow, the thickness of the cornea and conjunctiva was decreased with desquamation of the corneal and conjunctiva epithelium. However, these dry eye symptoms were markedly inhibited by treatment with the reference and test formulations. More favorable effects on decreased thickness were detected in response to the CMC than the SH. However, SH had a greater protective effect against corneal and conjunctiva epithelial damage. The application of a mixture of 0.1% SH and 0.2% CMC showed more favorable effects on the corneal and conjunctival damage and the stabilization of the ocular surface than SH or CMC alone.
Animals ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium* ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Goblet Cells ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Occupations ; Rats* ; Sodium*

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