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Building capacities for universal health care in the Philippines: Development and implementation of a leadership training program for public health nurses

Kristine Joy L. Tomanan ; John Joseph B. Posadas ; Miguel Carlo A. Fernandez ; Peter James B. Abad ; Sheila R. Bonito

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):3-17.

Achievement of Universal Health Care (UHC) in the Philippines requires capable health workers who can navigate changes and lead in the local implementation of health system reforms. Public health nurses are in a strategic position to lead in UHC implementation as they constitute the largest cadre of health workers in the public health setting, and core concepts of UHC intersect with principles of public health nursing practice. This paper aims to describe the development and implementation of a leadership training program for public health nurses in the Philippines, in response to UHC. Document reviews of training reports and evaluations, including course site data analytics, and evaluation of the training program were done for the four cohorts of the course. The University of the Philippines Manila College of Nursing, with support from the Department of Health, responded to the increased demand of the Philippine health system for public health nurses with strong foundations and advanced skills by designing and offering a leadership development course specific to PHNs. From November 2019 to March 2022, a total of 183 participants from 17 regions completed the training. With the COVID-19 pandemic and dynamic changes in governance, the experiences of the project highlighted the need for flexibility in delivering the training program, updating module contents according to the latest developments, and improving course duration and evaluation. Barriers to course engagement and completion must be addressed for PHNs, their workplaces, clients, and the health system to benefit the most from the training.
Nurses, Public Health ; Universal Health Care ; Nursing

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Building a model for high-quality nurse leader-follower relationships

Janelle P. Castro ; Maria Assunta C. Cuyegkeng

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):18-26.

Background: The leader-follower (L-F) relationship in the nursing sector is an important aspect in the delivery of healthcare.While studies that primarily focus on the nurse leader have yielded very important contributions, it is also necessary to look at how the followers see their relationship with the leader, in the context of the practices and culture of their environment. Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that affect the quality of nurse leader-follower relationships and propose a model for fostering high-quality L-F relationships among nurses. Design and method: The study utilized a descriptive qualitative design using a deductive, semantic thematic analytical approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among 11 staff nurses from different tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila. Data analysis and interpretation were performed using Braun, Clarke and Hayfield's thematic analysis. Results: Analysis showed that 19 factors, which influence the quality of leader-follower relationships among nurses, can be categorized into context factors, follower characteristics, and leadership characteristics. These factors gave rise to a model for highquality nurse leader-follower relationships. At the core of the model is the leader and followers, who both possess characteristics perceived to be the main factors in building high-quality relationships. The relationship takes place in the context of professional nursing practice, organizational context and work unit context. These three spheres of context are specific to nursing services in hospitals. Conclusion The model highlights the characteristics of leaders and followers needed in high-quality nurse leader-follower relationships and the context in which they operate. It could be useful in guiding the staff development programs for nurses, as well as, improvements in the work environment.
Leadership

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The perceived roles of psychiatric mental health nurses in selected hospital-based psychiatric units in Metro Manila

Maria Angela A. Mabale ; Ma. Rita V. Tamse

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):27-36.

The increasing demand for mental health services worldwide and the continuing development of government policies for mental health require a huge contribution from psychiatric mental health nurses. However, previous studies reveal that the roles of psychiatric mental health nurses lack distinctiveness compared with other members of the health care team; thus the need for clearer identification of their role. This study intended to describe the perceived roles of psychiatric mental health nurses in selected hospital-based psychiatric settings. Qualitative descriptive study design was used. A purposive sample of eleven (11) psychiatric mental health nurses and twelve (12) non-nurses (i.e. psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, social worker, and occupational therapists) participated in semi-structured interviews about their perceived roles of psychiatric mental health nurses. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. It was found out that the perceived roles of psychiatric mental health nurses are direct care provider, facilitator of family and therapeutic group activities, manager of therapeutic environment, educator, collaborator, patient advocate and researcher. It also showed that the roles of psychiatric mental health nurses are clearly established in hospital-based psychiatric settings and that the perception of psychiatric nurses about their roles is consistent with the roles that other mental healthcare professionals expect from them.
Occupational Therapists ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Psychiatry

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Predictors of positive parenting among parents of adolescents in Northern Thailand

Suphaphan Chansiri ; Onnalin Singkhorn ; Suriyadeo Tripathi ; Chuntana Reangsing ; Umpai Charuwatcharapaniskul ; Dutchanee Limprasert ; Sineenat Waraphok ; Samuel F. Migallos

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):38-46.

Background: Positive parenting in families affects the development of adolescents, teaches the children to be complete physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially, and is a preventative factor for risky behaviors such as unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, violence, and drug addiction in adolescents. Purpose: This study aims to study positive parenting and factors predicting positive parenting among the parents of adolescents in Northern Thailand. Methods: The design is a descriptive correlational predictive study. The sample consisted of 180 parents of adolescents in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Convenient sampling was used from 180 parents of adolescents. Data were collected using questionnaires including personal data, a life assets questionnaire, a social support questionnaire, a stress questionnaire, and a positive parenting questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: We found that stress, life assets, social support, age, education level, underlying disease, number of children, number of members in the family, and living in a municipality together with income can influence positive parenting among the parents of adolescents by 40.5 % (F = 11.52, p < .01). Age, life assets, and social support can affect positive parenting with a statistical significance of p < .05. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of age, life assets, and social support effects on positive parenting. Implications and Contribution These results could be used as a guideline for health care providers, particularly nurses, to develop a positive parenting program for adolescents by enhancing life assets and social support to practice positive parenting behaviours effectively.
Adolescent ; Parents ; Social Support

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Analysis of dengue cases using geographic information systems: Evidence from Baguio City, Philippines

Nathaniel Vincent A. Lubrica ; Carlo Jay S. Valdez ; Judale W. Quianio ; Ruben I. Rubia ; Gilbert D. Bernardino Jr

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):47-57.

Dengue is a global health issue and is also regarded as one of the major public health concerns in the Philippines. Presented in this paper is the application of a geographic information system (GIS) in mapping dengue cases in Baguio City. A descriptive research design was utilized and mapped dengue cases were reconciled with environmental correlates such as land cover, housing information (independent, mixed, or interconnected), hydrology (water bodies and canals), urbanization level (urban or rural), elevation, soil, and land surface temperature. Moreover, demographic factors and practices were utilized for further analysis. Results show that interconnected housing, urbanization, land surface temperature, hydrology, and population density are predictors of dengue cases in Baguio City with the predictive power of 0.3810 (strong), 0.3426 (strong), 0.2509 (medium), 0.1675 (medium), and 0.1323 (medium), respectively. In the context of dengue, several data gaps in health information systems exist. Although the Manual of Procedures for the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) published by the Department of Health (DOH) of 2014 provides a detailed guide in the management and surveillance of communicable disease, the use of GIS was noted to be unspecified. Using GIS provides the possibility of harmonizing several data sets to better inform policymakers.
Dengue ; Geographic Information Systems

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Children's toiling bodies behind the tobacco industry

Donna Marie P. Santos ; Erlinda C. Palaganas

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):58-66.

This study on the tobacco-growing communities in the Northern part of the Philippines unveiled the stark reality of child labor among poor families in rural villages. These children found the tasks of the industry as normal and obligatory. They were made to earn their own money for school, food, and other basic needs such as clothes and personal belongings. This study aimed to give perspective on a child worker's life from their own lens, humanizing the face behind child labor. It unveiled issues, feelings, and deep-seated longings of typical children in tobacco-growing communities: wanting sustenance for their education despite the risks involved, easing their family's burden, finishing studies and preferring work over play. The study also looked at possible mechanisms towards addressing the issue of child labor, which include nurses and social development workers advocating for access to government instruments and raising awareness on the matter.
Tobacco ; Nurses

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The psychological and well-being of isolated patients during outbreaks and pandemics: A policy brief

Rock B. Tubañ ; a

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):67-72.

Positive mental health and well-being constitute individuals' functionality and adaptability toward a healthier life. The threats of biological disasters, from large-scale outbreaks to pandemics, take a toll on many impacts. While focusing on the epidemiologic features of novel infectious diseases, mental health impacts are neglected, particularly the adverse psychological effects of isolation. Research studies have found that isolation triggers or exacerbates mental conditions, particularly post-traumatic disorder, depression, and anxiety. These mental conditions evolve from the acute stage and threaten psychological well-being and economic productivity. As part of the largest global health workforce worldwide, nurses take leadership in advocating recommended policy changes to inform mental health-related decision-making.
Depression ; Policy

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Bridging the gap in the recall of G6PD deficient screened babies: A policy brief

Anthony James F. Almazan ; Susielyn R. Lozano-Almazan

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):73-79.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency is an enzyme defect affecting around 400 million people worldwide. In the Philippines, cumulative data from the Newborn Screening Reference Center as of December 2020 unveils 248,285 confirmed babies out of 15,087,251 screened babies or prevalence rate of 1:60 with the national return rate of 18% only (NSRC, 2021). One strategy identified pertaining to the recall of patient is the G6PD Recall Monitoring which resulted in a 76% G6PD return rate, compared to the 31% output of the standard recall done in the Province of Ilocos Norte in CY 2020 (NSC-NL, 2022). Hence, this policy brief on G6PD Recall Monitoring serves as a supplementary policy to bridge the gaps in the recall of G6PD Deficient Patients and increase return rate of G6PD nationwide.
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase

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Political competency in nursing: A concept analysis

Gilbert Bernardino

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):79-85.

Despite numerous accounts of political participation in the nursing discipline, there exists a limited understanding of the concept of political competency. This paper utilizes Walker and Avant's (2014) eight steps of concept analysis. The defining attributes of political competency are ethical and sociopolitical knowing, courage, perseverance, and persuasion. The antecedents of the concept are reflection, resources, and clarity of values. Lastly, the consequences of political competency are change and social justice. Both change and social justice, as end products, must be viewed not as consequences that can be achieved overnight. Instead, these consequences must be looked upon as processes that are sustained by ongoing and committed exchanges between actors in the political arena and nurses with political competency. In juxtaposing political competency to Patricia Benner's “novice to expert model,” future studies may attempt to determine how political competency is embodied by an expert nurse.
Nursing

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Nurses adaptation to technology towards quality care

Cathlene Joy A. De Guzman

Philippine Journal of Nursing.2022;92(2):86-91.

Concept analysis on adaptation to technology was done to give emphasis to its use in the nursing profession towards quality care. The constant changing environment not to mention the sudden existence of COVID-19 surprised the world alongside with arising technology that led to the idea of adaptation of nurses to meet the patient and/or client's needs. The method used in the concept was the Walker and Avant's approach. This approach is achieved through eight phases: choosing a concept, determining the purpose of analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, defining attributes, identifying a model case, identifying borderline, related, and contrary cases, identifying antecedents and consequences, and defining empirical referents. The attributes of adaptation of nurses were successful interaction of nursing population with the technological environment and changes in function of the Nurse as to get used to daily routine and technology.
Nurses ; Technology ;

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