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A Systematic Review of Audiology Terminology.

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):109-113. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.109

The present report provides an overview of terminology studies in audiology including topics and study characteristics, as well as categorizing the main issues. The goals are to improve the understanding of the current issues for terminology in audiology and to provide some basic information that will be useful to develop an international standard. Search procedures were completed over two phases. Phase 1 included a systematic electronic searches using MEDLINE (PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and International Organization for Standardization with keywords related to terminology of audiology. The studies were initially identified according to the titles of 2921 publications following careful abstract examination. Of these, whole texts of 16 publications were retrieved. Five papers met the inclusion criteria were further investigated. In phase 2, a manual search was conducted to collect additional publications with keywords related to terminology project in audiology. A total of 16 papers were found. The essential terminology issues classified included 'appropriateness,' 'classification/framework,' 'inconsistency of terminology,' 'multilingual and international aspects,' and 'service quality/delivery including communication and accessibility.' This was indicative of the paucity of terminology research in audiology, despite recurring terminology issues. Establishment of standardized terminology in audiology may minimize current challenging terminology issues by improving appropriateness and consistency of terminology as well as communication among relevant stakeholders at national and international levels.
Audiology* ; Nursing

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Effects of an Auditory Lateralization Training in Children Suspected to Central Auditory Processing Disorder.

Yones LOTFI ; Abdollah MOOSAVI ; Farzaneh Zamiri ABDOLLAHI ; Enayatollah BAKHSHI ; Hamed SADJEDI

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):102-108. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.102

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central auditory processing disorder [(C)APD] refers to a deficit in auditory stimuli processing in nervous system that is not due to higher-order language or cognitive factors. One of the problems in children with (C)APD is spatial difficulties which have been overlooked despite their significance. Localization is an auditory ability to detect sound sources in space and can help to differentiate between the desired speech from other simultaneous sound sources. Aim of this research was investigating effects of an auditory lateralization training on speech perception in presence of noise/competing signals in children suspected to (C)APD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this analytical interventional study, 60 children suspected to (C)APD were selected based on multiple auditory processing assessment subtests. They were randomly divided into two groups: control (mean age 9.07) and training groups (mean age 9.00). Training program consisted of detection and pointing to sound sources delivered with interaural time differences under headphones for 12 formal sessions (6 weeks). Spatial word recognition score (WRS) and monaural selective auditory attention test (mSAAT) were used to follow the auditory lateralization training effects. RESULTS: This study showed that in the training group, mSAAT score and spatial WRS in noise (p value≤0.001) improved significantly after the auditory lateralization training. CONCLUSIONS: We used auditory lateralization training for 6 weeks and showed that auditory lateralization can improve speech understanding in noise significantly. The generalization of this results needs further researches.
Child* ; Education ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders* ; Nervous System ; Noise ; Speech Perception

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Mukesh SHARMA ; Sampan Singh BIST ; Santosh KUMAR

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):97-101. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.97

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a noninvasive measurement of a stimulus-locked, synchronous electrical event. ABR provides information concerning the functional integrity of brainstem nuclei. Age is a key factor in the interpretation of ABR peak latency among different age groups. Progressively with time it follows a "maturation pattern" during which latencies decrease. Wave V is very prominent and reliable for detection of threshold in children. The present study was performed to see the effect of age related auditory maturation on ABR wave V latency in children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 80 subjects ranging in age from birth to 12 years. The subjects were divided equally into eight age groups. ABR were elicited by an acoustic click stimuli, brainstem responses collected through electrode and recorded at the same time. Latency of wave V was acknowledged. RESULTS: Wave V latency decreased rapidly in early childhood, became slower after 3 years of age and completely matured by 12 years of age. There was no significant difference in latency of wave V between the ears with age. CONCLUSIONS: There is a distinct maturation pattern of wave V latency in ABR for both ears. ABR is a reliable test to assess the functional maturation of wave V in children.
Acoustics ; Brain Stem ; Child* ; Ear ; Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Humans ; Parturition

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Effect of Tianeptine on Depressed Tinnitus Patients.

Soo Min HWANG ; Sae Hee LIM ; Dong Ju OH ; Sung Kyun KIM ; Hak Hyun JUNG ; Gi Jung IM

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):90-96. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.90

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tianeptine is a tricyclic antidepressant that has a novel pharmacological property: it increases the reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Recent studies have reported that the prevalence of depression is greater in patients with tinnitus than in control subjects who do not have tinnitus. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of tianeptine for the relief of tinnitus, especially in patients with depressive mood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among a total of 52 tinnitus patients, 15 had depressive mood. The depressed tinnitus patients were prescribed Stablon® 12.5 mg once daily for 1 month without any other drug. We assessed the severity of tinnitus, level of depression, and the quality of sleep in these patients by using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hearing impairment and severity of tinnitus were measured with pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and tinnitograms. These evaluations were conducted before and after medication treatment. RESULTS: For the 15 depressed tinnitus patients, THI scores significantly correlated with BDI and PSQI scores prior to medication treatment. These results showed that the discomfort of tinnitus was closely related to depression and sleep disorder. After medication treatment, THI and BDI scores significantly decreased, indicating that tinnitus and depression improved. However, no significant alteration in PSQI score was observed, indicating that there was no improvement in sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of depressed tinnitus patients, tianeptine might be an efficient drug to treat both tinnitus and depression. However, tianeptine is unlikely to improve the quality of sleep in these patients.
Audiometry ; Audiometry, Speech ; Depression ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Serotonin ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Tinnitus*

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Clinical Correlation between Perverted Nystagmus and Brain MRI Abnormal Findings.

Won Gue HAN ; Hee Chul YOON ; Tae Min KIM ; Yoon Chan RAH ; June CHOI

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):85-89. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.85

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical correlation between perverted nystagmus and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormal findings and to evaluate whether perverted nystagmus is clinically significant results of brain abnormal lesions or not. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed medical charts review from January 2008 to July 2014, retrospectively. Patients who were suspected central originated vertigo at Frenzel goggles test were included among patients who visited our hospital. To investigate the correlation with nystagmus suspected central originated vertigo and brain MRI abnormal findings, we confirmed whether performing brain MRI or not. Then we exclude that patients not performed brain MRI. RESULTS: The number of patients with perverted nystagmus was 15, upbeating was 1 and down-beating was 14. Among these patients, 5 patients have brain MRI abnormal findings. However, 2 patients with MRI abnormal findings were not associated correctly with perverted nystagmus and only 3 patients with perverted nystagmus were considered central originated vertigo and further evaluation and treatment was performed by the department of neurology. CONCLUSIONS: Perverted nystagmus was considered to the abnormalities at brain lesions, especially cerebellum, but neurologic symptoms and further evaluation were needed for exact diagnosis of central originated vertigo.
Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Eye Protective Devices ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Neurology ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertigo

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The Band-Importance Function for the Korean Standard Sentence Lists for Adults.

In Ki JIN ; Junghak LEE ; Kyoungwon LEE ; Jinsook KIM ; Dongwook KIM ; Junil SOHN ; Kyung Ju LEE

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):80-84. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.80

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The band-importance function (BIF) refers to a value characterizing the relative importance of different frequencies to speech intelligibility. The purpose of this study was to derive the BIF for the Korean standard sentence lists for adults (KS-SL-A). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this study, sentences from the KS-SL-A were used as the speech material. Twenty-six normal-hearing Korean listeners participated and intelligibility scores in 8 filters with 3 signal-to-noise ratio conditions were obtained. Based on the intelligibility score percentages, the BIF for the KS-SL-A was derived by using an established protocol. RESULTS: Band-importance weights varied across frequency bands. The most important frequency region was around 316 Hz (20.0%), and the importance of the frequency bands below the center frequency (CF) of 1,778 Hz was 59.6%. Therefore, low frequencies below the CF of 1,778 Hz were more important than high frequencies above the CF of 1,778 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: The BIF for KS-SL-A could be applied towards developing a hearing aid fitting formulae for Korean listeners.
Adult* ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Speech Intelligibility ; Weights and Measures

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Preferences to Patient-Centeredness in Pre-Service Speech and Hearing Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Ashley L DOCKENS ; Monica L BELLON-HARN ; Vinaya MANCHAIAH

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):73-79. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.73

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patient-centeredness is a critical approach to rehabilitation in allied health professions and is an imperative component of evidence-based practice. However, it is unknown if patient-centeredness is valued by students enrolled in allied health. This study was aimed at determining preferences to patient-centeredness in pre-service speech and hearing students in the field of speech and hearing sciences. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Pre-service speech and hearing students (n=93) completed the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and were grouped according to low, medium, or high exposure to curriculum content. RESULTS: Across exposure levels, students exhibited high preference to patient centeredness with a mean PPOS score of 4.13 (standard deviation–0.5). A pairedsample t-test revealed a significant difference (p≤0.0001) between the caring and sharing subscales of the PPOS with lower mean scores on the caring subscale. No significant differences were noted across levels of exposure for sharing subscale, caring subscale, or PPOS full-scale. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a need for curriculum enhancement focused on improved caring and empathy.
Audiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Curriculum ; Education ; Empathy ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Health Occupations ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Patient-Centered Care ; Rehabilitation ; Speech-Language Pathology

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How to Avoid Facial Nerve Injury in Mastoidectomy?.

Nam Gyu RYU ; Jin KIM

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):68-72. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.68

Unexpected iatrogenic facial nerve paralysis not only affects facial disfiguration, but also imposes a devastating effect on the social, psychological, and economic aspects of an affected person's life at once. The aims of this study were to postulate where surgeons had mistakenly drilled or where obscured by granulations or by fibrous bands and to look for surgical approach with focused on the safety of facial nerve in mastoid surgery. We had found 14 cases of iatrogenic facial nerve injury (IFNI) during mastoid surgery for 5 years in Korea. The medical records of all the patients were obtained and analyzed injured site of facial nerve segment with surgical technique of mastoidectomy. Eleven patients underwent facial nerve exploration and three patients had conservative management. 43% (6 cases) of iatrogenic facial nerve injuries had occurred in tympanic segment, 28.5% (4 cases) of injuries in second genu combined with tympanic segment, and 28.5% (4 cases) of injuries in mastoid segment. Surgeons should try to identify the facial nerve using available landmarks and be kept in mind the anomalies of the facial nerve. With use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, the avoidance of in order to avoid IFNI would be possible in more cases. Many authors emphasized the importance of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, even in primary otologic surgery. However, anatomical understanding of intratemporal landmarks with meticulous dissection could not be emphasized as possible to prevent IFNI.
Facial Nerve Injuries* ; Facial Nerve* ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Korea ; Mastoid ; Medical Records ; Morocco ; Paralysis ; Surgeons

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Crosscheck Principle in Pediatric Audiology Today: A 40-Year Perspective.

James W HALL

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(2):59-67. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.59

The crosscheck principle is just as important in pediatric audiology as it was when first described 40 years ago. That is, no auditory test result should be accepted and used in the diagnosis of hearing loss until it is confirmed or crosschecked by one or more independent measures. Exclusive reliance on only one or two tests, even objective auditory measures, may result in a auditory diagnosis that is not clear or perhaps incorrect. On the other hand, close and careful analysis of findings for a test battery consisting of objective procedures and behavioral tests whenever feasible usually leads to prompt and accurate diagnosis of auditory dysfunction. This paper provides a concise review of the crosscheck principle from its introduction to its clinical application today. The review concludes with a description of a modern test battery for pediatric hearing assessment that supplements traditional behavioral tests with a variety of independent objective procedures including aural immittance measures, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory evoked responses.
Audiology* ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Diagnosis ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hand ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss

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Neuroglial Choristoma of the Middle Ear with Massive Tympanosclerosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hyun Joon SHIM ; Yong Kyung KANG ; Yong Hwi AN ; Young Ok HONG

Journal of Audiology & Otology.2016;20(3):179-182. doi:10.7874/jao.2016.20.3.179

Neuroglialchoristoma is a rare cerebral heterotopia typically involving extracranial midline structures of the head and neck, including the nose, nasopharynx and oral cavity. It rarely involves non-midline structures, such as the middle ear, mastoid and orbit. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with right-sided hearing loss and aural fullness who was diagnosed with neuroglialchoristoma of the middle ear and mastoid. To our knowledge, this is the first report on neuroglialchoristomawith massive tympanosclerosis. The presence of combination supported the inhalation theory of neuroglialchoristoma, given that tympanosclerosis is typically caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Choristoma* ; Ear, Middle* ; Encephalocele ; Eustachian Tube ; Female ; Head ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Mastoid ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Myringosclerosis* ; Nasopharynx ; Neck ; Neuroglia ; Nose ; Orbit

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