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Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):60-67. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.60

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease-related knowledge, stress and quality of life for the patients with varicose veins. METHODS: Data were collected via questionnaire from 138 patients with varicose veins in C University Hospital in Korea from November in Korea 2012 to August 2013. RESULTS: Knowledge of the symptoms and diagnosis was the lowest. The scores from patients with disease-related knowledge tended to be low for both subjects over the age of 60 and subjects with low education (less than high school). The score for stress over complications was the highest. The level of stress is higher for women, subjects without spouses, subjects with higher severity of disease and patients who had been taking hormones in the past or are still taking hormones. The disease-related quality of life tended to be lower for women and subjects without spouses. 21% of the variance in quality of life was explained by the level of disease-related stress, disease severity and knowledge. CONCLUSION: Education and the management of nurses to improve disease-related knowledge for patients with varicose veins is highly recommended. Intervention, by reducing stress, is necessary to improve the quality of life for women, subjects without spouses, and subjects with higher severity of the disease.
Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Quality of Life* ; Spouses ; Varicose Veins*

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Effects of a Footbath Program on Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature and Fatigue in Stroke Patients.

Yu Lim SON ; Myung Sook YOO

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):51-59. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.51

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of a footbath program on heart rate variability, blood pressure, body temperature and fatigue of stroke patients with stroke-induced hemiparesis. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 40 stroke patients, twenty for the footbath program and twenty for the control group, who were hospitalized in a long-term rehabilitation hospital in G city of Korea, from February to April 2014. The twenty participants in the experimental group received the intervention of footbaths and an educational program focused on the prevention of stroke complications; Collected data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS WIN 20.0 program using a t-test, chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, hand and foot temperatures and fatigue between the two groups. But no significant differences were found in diastolic blood pressure, core temperatures, forehead temperatures, and hand temperatures between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The footbath program was an effective intervention for skin temperature change and fatigue reduction for stroke patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the footbath program can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for stroke patients in long-term rehabilitation care hospitals.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Temperature* ; Fatigue* ; Foot ; Forehead ; Hand ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing ; Paresis ; Rehabilitation ; Skin Temperature ; Stroke*

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The Effect of Knowledge, Attitudes and Prevention Behaviors for Tuberculosis Infection in Nursing Students.

Seung Joo LIM ; Hyun Joo LEE

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):43-50. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.43

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the relationship among knowledge, attitudes and prevention behaviors (PB) on tuberculosis (Tb) infection in nursing students. METHODS: 268 subjects were recruited from two universities located in C·D cities of Korea and data were collected utilizing self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and PB on Tb infection were 64.83, 3.18 and 2.97. The knowledge differed according to gender (t=-3.16, p=.002), grades (F=32.19, p<.001), educational experience about Tb (EETb) (F=10.59, p<.001), learning information about Tb (t=3.08, p=.002) and getting Tb: self or others (t=2.78, p=.006). The attitudes differed according to grades (F=7.71, p<.001) and EETb (F=2.68, p=.047). The PB differed according to grades (F=7.02, p<.001) and EETb (F=4.55, p=.004). Significant correlations were found between knowledge and PB (r=.20, p=001), attitudes and PB (r=.33, p<.001). The most significant factor influencing PB was attitudes with R2 value of 13.9% (F=11.81, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that knowledge and attitude adjustment may be necessary to improve PB for Tb infection in nursing students. Moreover further study is necessary to find out the ways to reinforce the level of attitudes. The results of the study can be utilized in educational programs for preventing Tb infection in nursing students.
Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing* ; Tuberculosis*

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Effect of Saccharin Intake in Restraint-induced Stress Response Reduction in Rats.

Jong Min PARK ; Min Kyung SONG ; Yoon Ju KIM ; Youn Jung KIM

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):36-42. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.36

PURPOSE: Stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and induces the release of glucocorticoids. Saccharin is 300 times sweeter than sucrose, but does not increase blood insulin levels. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of saccharin intake in restraint-induced stress response reduction in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats had stress induced by restraint for 2 hours/day for 1 week. Saccharin was provided in sufficient amounts to allow them to intake it voluntarily at 0.1% diluted in water. The Y-maze test and forced swim test (FST) were performed to evaluate cognitive function and the depressive behavior of the rats. The protein expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 was investigated by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: It was found that, the percentage of alternation in the Y-maze test was significantly (p<.01) higher in the Stress + saccharin group than in the Stress group. Immobility time in the FST was significantly (p<.01) lower in the Stress + saccharin group than in the Stress group. Also, the positive cells of GR in hippocampus CA1 were significantly (p<.05) lower in the Stress + saccharin group than in the Stress group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there was an effect of saccharin intake in restraint-induced stress response reduction in rats.
Adult ; Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Glucocorticoids ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; Saccharin* ; Sucrose ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Water

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Assertive Behavior in Asking Smokers Not to Smoke among Patients with Vascular Diseases.

Eun Kyung KIM ; Young Ran CHAE ; Yun Hee JUNG ; Eun Ha PARK

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):27-35. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.27

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke and investigate the factors related to assertive behavior in patients with vascular diseases. METHODS: Participants were 203 adult Korean patients with vascular diseases such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Data were collected using questionnaires that included the characteristics of secondhand smoke (SHS), secondhand smoke-related variables (Health belief model factors, health promotion model factors) and level of assertive behavior. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0 were performed. RESULTS: Participants who never ask smokers not to smoke was 39.9%, whereas participants who always ask was 7.4%. There was a weak positive relationship between assertive behavior and susceptibility to disease (r=.18), severity of disease (r=.19), benefit of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.10), barrier of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.24), and self-rated health (r=.21) respectively. There was a moderate positive relationship between assertive behavior and self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.49). Health belief model factors explained 15.7% variance and health promotion model factors explained 27.0% of assertive behavior. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure is a very important factor. Therefore the development of a program to foster self-efficacy of assertive behavior regarding SHS exposure in patients with vascular diseases is needed.
Adult ; Assertiveness ; Cerebral Infarction ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Smoke* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Vascular Diseases*

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Current Interventions to Improve Adherence to Immunosuppressants in Liver Transplant Recipients: a Systematic Review.

So Hee KIM ; Young Joo LEE ; Sun Young LEE ; Sang Hui CHU

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):17-26. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.17

PURPOSE: Adherence to immunosuppressants is the key to prevent organ rejection in organ transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to investigate current interventions to improve adherence to immunosuppressants in liver transplant recipients. METHODS: A systemic literature search was done using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and four Korean databases to identify experimental studies reported in English or Korean up to and including 2015. We identified eight intervention studies on the adherence to immunosuppressants in liver transplant recipients independently reviewed by two reviewers. The quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed. RESULTS: Education, conversion of regimen, and text messaging were identified as intervention techniques to improve adherence. We found positive results in three out of four studies implementing educational strategies, but the results were not sufficient to draw a definite conclusion. Conversion from a twice-daily tacrolimus-based regimen to a once-daily tacrolimus extended-release formula was used in three adult-only studies and its effectiveness was confirmed. One study showed that improved adherence and outcomes were effected by using text messaging with pediatric patients. CONCLUSION: Future research is needed to facilitate interventions to improve adherence to immunosuppressants in various ages of patients including pediatric/adolescent liver transplant recipients.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Education ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents* ; Clinical Trial ; Liver* ; Tacrolimus ; Text Messaging ; Transplantation* ; Transplants

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Exploring Subjective Stress, Sleep and Diurnal Variation of Salivary Cortisol in Korean Female Adults.

Sunock LEE ; Minhee SUH

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):9-16. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.9

PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory study was to find a specific time of day with a stable cortisol level and to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol and sleep. METHODS: A total of 36 Korean female college students participated in the study. Salivary specimens were collected 6 times a day for 2 days in different stressful situations. Sleep characteristics were measured using an actigraph while salivary specimens were collected. Perceived stress was evaluated using the Global Assessment of Recent Stress. RESULTS: Depending on whether there were morning peak and/or afternoon elevations in the cortisol levels, the type of diurnal cortisol pattern was classified into 4 types. None of the cortisol levels in different times of the day showed significant relationships to perceived stress levels. Cortisol levels in the morning, levels of peak cortisol and diurnal differences of cortisol were significantly correlated with sleep duration. The time with most stable cortisol level was 9-10 pm. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that measurements of salivary cortisol are taken from 9-10 pm since it showed a stable value regardless of diurnal cortisol rhythm and sleep. Sleep duration should be considered as an important confounding factor in measuring cortisol levels in the morning and the diurnal differences of cortisol.
Adult* ; Female* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone*

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Influence of Stress, Self-efficacy for Smoking Cessation, Smoking Temptation and Nicotine Dependency in Male College Students who Smoke.

Nam Jo KIM ; Hae Sook HONG

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2016;18(1):1-8. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2016.18.1.1

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of stress, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, smoking temptation, and nicotine dependency, and to identify factors influencing nicotine dependency among male college students who smoke. METHODS: In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was adopted for 283 male college students who smoke in D city, Korea. Data was analyzed for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score of stress was 27.00+/-6.28, self-efficacy for smoking cessation was 25.61+/-6.71, smoking temptation was 53.87+/-11.02, and nicotine dependency was 3.63+/-1.96. There was a significant positive correlation between stress and nicotine dependency (r=.58, p<.001) and between smoking temptation and nicotine dependency (r=.59, p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy for smoking cessation and nicotine dependency (r=-.59, p<.001). The significant factors influencing nicotine dependency were stress (beta=.357, p<.001), self-efficacy for smoking cessation (beta=.359, p<.001), and smoking temptation (beta=.297, p<.001). This model explained 60.3% of variance in nicotine dependency (F=105.59, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that an intervention program is needed to reduce the perception of stress and smoking temptation, and to increase the ability of self-efficacy for smoking cessation among male college students who smoke with the intention to quit smoking.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Male* ; Nicotine* ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking*

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Influences of Rehabilitation Motivation, Self-efficacy and Family Support on Rehabilitation Adherence in Stroke Patients.

An Suk PARK ; Eun KO

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2017;19(2):113-122. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2017.19.2.113

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on rehabilitation adherence in stroke patients. METHODS: This study was a descriptive survey. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews with a convenient sample of 192 subjects, who were admitted in 5 rehabilitation hospitals located in G metropolitan city. RESULTS: The score of rehabilitation motivation in the subjects was a mean of 2.04±0.35, self-efficacy 6.22±2.32, family support 3.40±0.82 and rehabilitation adherence 3.08±0.41. The rehabilitation adherence was a statistically significant difference according to the education level (F=3.40, p=.035), marital status (F=4.04, p=.019), number of personal insurance policies (K=9.80, p=.020), location of paresis (F=2.72, p=.046), and status of current smoking (M=657.00, p=.001). There was significant correlation among degree of rehabilitation adherence, rehabilitation motivation (r=.30, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.14, p=.046) and family support (r=.18, p=.011). Rehabilitation motivation (β=0.19, p=.007), self-efficacy (β=0.14, p=.035), marital status (β=0.14, p=.038), number of personal insurance policies (β=-0.15, p=.045) and location of paresis(β=-0.15, p=.028) were identified as significant predictors. This model explained 22.6% of variance in rehabilitation adherence (F=5.92, p<.001). CONCLUSION: There is a need to develop an effective intervention for rehabilitation adherence improvement considering the identified variables in this study.
Education ; Humans ; Insurance ; Marital Status ; Motivation* ; Paresis ; Patient Compliance ; Rehabilitation* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke*

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Comparison of Lipid Profile Ratios in Patients with High-grade Brain Cancers according to the Presence of Recurrence during Cancer-related Therapy.

Sanghee KIM

Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2017;19(2):107-112. doi:10.7586/jkbns.2017.19.2.107

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the lipid profile ratios as factors affecting disease progress in patients with high-grade primary brain cancers undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: The levels of lipid profile ratios were evaluated by looking at the total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (TC/HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (LDL-c/HDL-c), and triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c). This descriptive research was conducted 7 months after the initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients with newly diagnosed primary malignant brain cancer were included in the study. The levels of lipid profile ratios such as TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c were significantly different between the patients with and without disease progress at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The lipid profile ratios were indicators affecting disease prognosis with tumor-related factors at 7 months after initiation of CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, lipid profile ratios indicating hyperlipidemia in patients with high-grade brain cancers should be carefully monitored during and after cancer-related therapy.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipoproteins ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Triglycerides

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