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A Case of Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix.

Hwi Gon KIM ; Yong Jung SONG ; Yong Jin NA ; Ook Hwan CHOI

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):154-157. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.154

Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix is uncommon neoplasia mostly occurring in postmenopausal women. It has excellent prognosis and a favorable clinical course. In addition, adenoid basal carcinoma is differentiated from adenoid cystic carcinoma by histologic and cellular morphologies, and immunohistochemistry. In this paper, we present the case of a 22 year old Korean female. She initially had a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) on Pap smear and a subsequent cervical loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) specimen revealing adenoid basal carcinoma. The lesion showed the histologic characteristics of adenoid basal carcinoma. Because of the lesion's low potential for recurrence and metastasis, the young primipara had a conization procedure performed and has been under close observation.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Cervix Uteri* ; Conization ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

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Endometriosis in a Postmenopausal Woman on Hormonal Replacement Therapy.

Dong Su JEON ; Tae Hee KIM ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Dong Won BYUN

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):151-153. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.151

Endometriosis is a benign disease and an estrogen-dependent disease. Postmenopausal endometriosis is rare, because the absence of estrogenic hormone production. We report a case of endometriosis presenting in a postmenopausal woman with no history of endometriosis before hormone replacement therapy.
Endometriosis* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Menopause

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A Case of Torsion of a Subserosal Leiomyoma.

Hwi Gon KIM ; Yong Jung SONG ; Yong Jin NA ; Ook Hwan CHOI

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):147-150. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.147

Uterine leiomyoma is one of the most common gynecological tumor, whereas acute torsion of the uterine leiomyoma is very rare. We report a case of subserosal leiomyoma that was first detected by ultrasonography, and further confirmed as torsion of subserosal leiomyoma by laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscopy ; Leiomyoma* ; Torsion Abnormality ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Neoplasms

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A Case of Perimenopausal Endometrial Cancer in a Woman with MSH2 Germline Mutation.

Eun Jin HEO ; Jung Min PARK ; Eun Hee LEE ; Hyoun Wook LEE ; Min Kyu KIM

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):143-146. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.143

Lynch syndrome is a genetic malignancy syndrome affecting the colon, endometrium, and other organs. It is difficult to find a Lynch syndrome patient without any family history of cancer. We have recently examined an endometrial cancer patient with a MSH2 gene mutation without a family history of cancer. A 55-year old Korean woman was admitted to a local clinic for vaginal bleeding. An endometrial biopsy revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma (endometrioid type, grade 1). After surgical staging, no further adjuvant therapy was required. Analysis of the tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the endometrium stained negatively for MSH2. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was analyzed for five markers. The patient was scored as unstable. Further, additional gene sequencing revealed one missense mutation in c.23C > T (p.Thr8Met). This is the first case of Lynch syndrome endometrial cancer in Korea in which the patient does not have any family history of cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Korea ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Mutation, Missense ; Uterine Hemorrhage

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A Case of Vaginal Cancer with Uterine Prolapse.

Hwi Gon KIM ; Yong Jung SONG ; Yong Jin NA ; Ook Hwan CHOI

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):139-142. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.139

Primary vaginal cancer combined with uterine prolapse is very rare. We present a case of 80-year-old postmenopausal women complaints of something coming out per vagina for the past 20 years, along with blood stained discharge, foul odor leukorrhea, and severe pelvic pain for the last 3 months. A 4 x 5 cm ulcer was present on middle third of vaginal wall with marked edema and ulceration of surrounding tissue. The prolapse was reduced under intravenous sedation in operating room. On gynecologic examination, uterus was normal in size, no adnexal mass was examined, and both parametrium were thickened. Papanicolaou smear was normal. Biopsy of the ulcer at vaginal wall revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of vagina. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of abdomen and pelvis showed left hydronephrosis and liver metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) revealed metastasis to lung, liver and iliac bone. She died from progression of disease one month after diagnosis.
Abdomen ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; Blood Stains ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Leukorrhea ; Liver ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Odors ; Operating Rooms ; Papanicolaou Test ; Pelvic Pain ; Pelvis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Postmenopause ; Prolapse ; Ulcer ; Uterine Prolapse* ; Uterus ; Vagina ; Vaginal Neoplasms*

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Uterine Adenomyosis Which Developed from Hypoplastic Uterus in Postmenopausal Woman with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome: A Case Report.

Sungwook CHUN ; Yeon Mee KIM ; Yong Il JI

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):135-138. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.135

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by vaginal agenesis with variable Mullerian duct abnormalities. We report here a case of uterine adenomyosis which developed from a hypoplastic uterus in a patient with MRKHS. A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman visited a university hospital for pelvic mass. She had underwent vaginoplasty via the McIndoe procedure for MRKHS at 15 years of age. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a 5.4 x 4.8 x 4.7 cm mass suspicious for a uterine myoma. She received total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and neither the cervix nor endometrium was found grossly in the surgical specimen. The final histologic diagnosis was uterine adenomyosis.
Adenomyosis* ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Uterus*

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The Relationship between Uterine Myoma Growth and the Endocrine Disruptor in Postmenopausal Women.

Eun Ho JEONG ; Gi Youn HONG ; Byoung Ryun KIM ; Seong Nam PARK ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Yong Jin NA ; Jeong NAMKUNG

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):130-134. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.130

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the number of leiomyoma patients-exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and to observe whether the serum concentration of BPA is related to leiomyoma growth. METHODS: A total of 158 patients were recruited for this study. Leiomyoma patients were divided into three groups, mild (n = 48), moderate (n = 32) and severe (n = 28), according to the size of leiomyomas. The control (n = 30) group was defined as having no leiomyomas. Transvaginal ultrasonography was used to identify and measure the leiomyomas. Serum BPA concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: BPA was detected in 87.0% out of a total of 158 samples, and in 86.0% out of 108 leiomyoma patients. In detail, the detection rates of serum BPA were 88.0% in the control group, 77.2% in the mild group, 90.0% in the moderate group and 96.0% in the severe group. The mean BPA concentration in the control group was 0.558 +/- 0.097 ng/mL, the leiomyoma groups, the mean BPA concentrations were 0.274 +/- 0.063 ng/mL (mild), 0.346 +/- 0.064 ng/mL (moderate) and 0.647 +/- 0.039 ng/mL (severe) (P = 0.0003). Values represent the mean +/- standard error. CONCLUSION: The detection rates of serum BPA in the control and leiomyoma groups were 88.0% and 86.0%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the serum BPA concentrations between the control and leiomyoma groups. To verify the effect of BPA on leiomyoma growth, a close and sequential monitoring is recommended for people who are at risk for uterine leiomyoma.
Endocrine Disruptors ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

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Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy on Uterine Myoma in Menopausal Women.

Ik Jin CHANG ; Gi Youn HONG ; Young Lim OH ; Byoung Ryun KIM ; Seong Nam PARK ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Yong Jin NA ; Jeong NAMKUNG

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2013;19(3):123-129. doi:10.6118/jmm.2013.19.3.123

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long term effects of estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT) on uterine myomas volume in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis on postmenopausal women with asymptomatic uterine myoma during the period between April, 2008 and September, 2012. Postmenopause was defined as amenorrhea for longer than a year or serum follicle stimulating hormone levels higher than 40 IU/L. The volume of the myoma was assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography for every 6 months after administration of EPT. RESULTS: Thirty-eight women were included in the study, with 32 in the EPT group and 6 in the control group. Overall, uterine myoma volume (mean +/- standard deviation, cm3) in the EPT group was 19.5 +/- 24.6 at baseline, and those at 6 and 12 months were 24.7 +/- 35.1 and 28.5 +/- 56.4, respectively. Myoma volume did not change significantly with EPT, and these changes were not significantly different from the control group. Myoma volume changes were not significantly different in the subgroups according to the route of estrogen administrations and the method of progestogen administrations. Clinically significant volume increases during one year of EPT was noted in 28.1% (9/32), however, only one showed transient increases. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that treating postmenopausal woman with EPT on a long-term basis does not increase the volume of uterine myomas.
Amenorrhea ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Methods ; Myoma ; Postmenopause ; Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Uterus

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The Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women with Excess Weight: A Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.

Nafiseh SAGHAFI ; Masumeh GHAZANFARPOUR ; Talat KHADIVZADEH ; Masoudeh BABAKHANIAN ; Maliheh AFIAT

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2017;23(3):166-171. doi:10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.166

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of fennel on body composition. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty-four out of 60 patients were able to successfully complete the original study. Seven out of 54 patients were excluded because they were not overweight and obese. Thus, 47 women were included in this secondary analysis. Of these 47 women, 22 were in the fennel group and 25 were in placebo group. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) as well as fat distribution was measured at the baseline and after a three-month follow-up. RESULTS: Comparison of fennel and placebo groups did not reveal any significant effect in terms of body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences and fat distribution. Also, the results of paired t-test did not variation of these parameters across groups before and after 12-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Menopausal women in fennel group experienced a slight increase in body weight and fat distribution, which was not significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate the results of this study.
Body Composition* ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Foeniculum* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Overweight ; Postmenopause ; Sample Size

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Effect of Phytoestrogen on Depression and Anxiety in Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review.

Abolfazl FATTAH

Journal of Menopausal Medicine.2017;23(3):160-165. doi:10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.160

OBJECTIVES: In this systematic review, the effectiveness of herbal medicines in improving depression and anxiety in menopausal women was assessed. METHODS: Three following databases were individually searched: MEDLINE (1966-March 2017), SCOPUS (1990-March 2017), and the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; 2017). RESULTS: A total of 9 trials were included in this systematic review. Overall, soy was found to have a beneficial effect. Also, fennel had a significant positive effect on menopausal women with depression and anxiety disorder, but not on healthy women. Red clover showed varying effects ranging from significant to non-significant on depression and anxiety. Moreover, kava was found to have a significant beneficial effect on depression and anxiety at dose of 200 mg/days. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that herbal medicines could improve anxiety and depression in among menopausal women. However, the beneficial effect still remains indefinite due to the poor methodology.
Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Female ; Foeniculum ; Humans ; Kava ; Menopause ; Phytoestrogens* ; Trifolium

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