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Identification of genomic regions associated with piglet survival and mortality.

Yoon Jung CHOI ; Sang Wook KIM ; Joon Ho YOON ; Bong Hwan CHOI ; Tae Hun KIM ; Kwan Suk KIM

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(2):78-85.

One of the major problems in the modern pig industry is infectious disease. Susceptibility to infectious diseases is influenced by both constitutional (e.g. genotype, age, gender, and reproductive status) and environmental factors (e.g. nutrition, management, infections, and other forms of stress). Genetic variations within individual animals or herds can cause differences in the execution of immune functions against infectious agents in domestic pigs. The objectives of the present study were to identify genetic factor(s) responsible for piglet survival and mortality under commercial field conditions with infectious diseases as well as determine QTL regions for immune capacity in a pig reference family. Sex ratio was examined between normal grown and presumed dead groups of F2 animals generated by Korean native pigs (KNP) and Yorkshire (YS) breeds. The ratio of males was significantly higher in the presumed dead group than in the normal grown group. In order to study genetic factors associated with presumed mortality under disease outbreak, allelic frequencies of 239 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were compared between normal grown and presumed dead groups. Exactly 22 SNPs showed significant differences in their allelic frequencies between the two groups, and four of them were validated with another commercial population divided by normal and emaciated pigs. Furthermore, the relationships between 239 SNPs and immune-related traits were studied. These results demonstrate that identification of genetic components of animal immune systems and susceptibility to infectious diseases is possible and will be useful to improve disease resistance in individuals as well as in breeding programs.
Animals ; Breeding ; Communicable Diseases ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Resistance ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Immune System ; Male ; Mortality* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sex Ratio ; Sus scrofa ; Swine

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Promotional effects of Sargassum fusiforme fractions on hair growth via in vitro and in vivo models.

Su Kil JANG ; Seong Soo JOO

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(2):72-77.

Sargassum fusiforme has traditionally been widely consumed in Asia as a food, and it has gained much attention due to its high nutritional, pharmaceutical, and industrial value. This study aimed to examine the promotional effects of ethanol extract (ET) and fraction obtained from ethyl acetate (FR) of S. fusiforme on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice and HaCaT cells. Five-week-old mice were used to compare hair regrowth during application of ET and FR for 21 days. Hair regrowth was evaluated by macroscopic observation and verified by hematoxylin-eosin tissue staining. Levels of mRNA expression of factors relevant to the hair growth cycle such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results showed that ET and FR successfully promoted hair regrowth in shaved C57BL/6 mice at a dose >20 mg/kg. Moreover, ET and FR were effective in stimulating expression of KGF and VEGF mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, whereas TGF-beta1 was not activated. These results indicate that ET and FR of S. fusiforme effectively promoted hair growth and gene expression relevant to hair growth cycles in both in vitro and in vivo models.
Alopecia ; Animals ; Asia ; Ethanol ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; Gene Expression ; Hair* ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Sargassum* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

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Association between carotid intima-media thickness and Ankle-Brachial Index in patients with ischemic stroke.

Young Mi YOON ; Hyung Suk LEE ; Shin Hye BAEK ; Hye Lim LEE ; Minju YEO ; Seo Young CHOI ; Ji Seon KIM ; Sung Hyun LEE ; Sang Soo LEE ; Dong Ick SHIN

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(2):68-71.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is the ratio of blood pressure in the lower legs to that in the arms. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of extracranial carotid arteries determined by B-mode ultrasound is a measurable index of the presence of atherosclerosis. A low ABI and a high carotid IMT are independently related to increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study examined the association between carotid IMT and ABI in patients with ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 116 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke were recruited. Using a pulse wave velocity ABI device along with carotid duplex sonography, we measured carotid IMT and ABI and investigated the correlation between average values. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in carotid IMT between the normal and abnormal ABI groups (P=0.0262). The group with an abnormal ABI was more than five times as likely to have increased carotid IMT as the group with a normal ABI (age, sex-adjusted OR 5.67 (95% CI 1.85~17.38)). The ABI and carotid IMT showed a weak inverse linear correlation in patients with ischemic stroke (correlation coefficient -0.378 after adjusting for age and sex). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that an abnormal ABI is associated with a high carotid IMT in patients with ischemic stroke.
Ankle Brachial Index* ; Arm ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness* ; Humans ; Leg ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Ultrasonography

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Green tea ameliorates recognition memory defects in acute radiation syndrome caused by gamma irradiation.

Jong Sik JANG ; Changjong MOON ; Jong Choon KIM ; Uhee JUNG ; Sung Kee JO ; Sung Ho KIM

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(2):62-67.

An evidence suggests that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline as well as memory deficits in both humans and experimental animals in part due to hippocampal dysfunction. To determine whether or not green tea (GT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could attenuate memory impairment as well as suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, passive avoidance and object recognition memory test as well as TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)) were performed using adult mice treated with relatively low-dose gamma irradiation (2.0 Gy). GT was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight at 36 and 12 hr preirradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation, or orally at a dosage of 250 mg/kg of body weight/day for 7 days before autopsy. EGCG (25 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intraperitonially at 36 and 12 hr pre-irradiation and at 30 minutes post-irradiation. In the passive avoidance and object recognition memory test, mice trained for 1 day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus increased by 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the numbers of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells significantly decreased. GT treatment prior to irradiation attenuated memory defects, blocked apoptotic death, as well as reduced the number of DCX-positive cells. Therefore, GT may attenuate memory defects in adult mice exposed to a relatively low dose of radiation possibly by inhibiting the detrimental effects of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.
Acute Radiation Syndrome* ; Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autopsy ; Body Weight ; Dentate Gyrus ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Memory Disorders ; Memory* ; Mice ; Neurogenesis ; Tea*

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Hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in 13 beagle dogs.

Chang Moo JI ; Hae Won JUNG ; Hyo Mi JANG ; Jong Hyun MOON ; Dong In JUNG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(2):58-61.

Hemodialysis is an effective therapy for renal failure in veterinary practice. To evaluate hematologic and hemodynamic changes during hemodialysis, 13 dogs were treated with hemodialysis, after which complete blood cell counts (CBC), serum chemistry, and mean systolic blood pressure were analyzed. For CBC, white blood cells (WBC) and platelets underwent significant changes. In serum chemistry, there were significant differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, amylase, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus contents. Further, mean systolic blood pressure suddenly increased in early hemodialysis and decreased significantly thereafter. During hemodialysis, adverse effects were observed in some dogs as follows: bleeding (1 dog), anemia (2 dogs), leukopenia (8 dogs), thrombocytopenia (2 dogs), and hypotension (1 dog). This study demonstrates hematologic and hemodynamic effects during hemodialysis as well as complications similar to human medicine. Before applying the commercialized human hemodialysis system to canine renal failure patients, we monitored hematologic and hemodynamic findings during hemodialysis in healthy beagle dogs.
Amylases ; Anemia ; Animals ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Creatinine ; Dogs* ; Hemodynamics* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Thrombocytopenia

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Primary rectal mature teratoma: a case report.

Yong Moon LEE ; Joung Ho HAN ; Ho Chang LEE

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(4):249-252.

This report describes a rare case of primary rectal mature teratoma in a 56-year-old woman. She was referred to the outpatient clinic with a large pedunculated rectal mass, which was found during a regular health check-up. Polypectomy was performed and microscopic findings showed various structures derived from all three germ cell layers. Epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine sweat glands, with some scattered melanophages and lymphocytes were present as ectodermal derivatives. Smooth muscle fibers, blood vessels, and fibrous and adipose tissues were found as mesodermal derivatives. In addition, thyroid follicles, mucinous glands, and bronchial respiratory epithelium with peribronchial glands were detected as endodermal derivatives. She is healthy and has shown no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis for 25 months post-surgical resection. Primary rectal teratomas are generally benign and primarily affect women. Therefore, minimally invasive surgical procedures, such as endoscopic polypectomy for a pedunculated polyp and segmentectomy for a larger mass, are satisfactory in most cases. Induction of primary rectal teratomas has been suggested to occur mainly by errors in a single germ cell after the end of meiosis I; in addition, it has also been suggested that the difference in gender incidence may be associated with differences in sex chromosomes between males and females rather than with anatomical proximity between ovary and rectum.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Blood Vessels ; Dermoid Cyst ; Eccrine Glands ; Ectoderm ; Endoderm ; Epidermis ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Meiosis ; Mesoderm ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Polyps ; Rectum ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sex Chromosomes ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Sweat Glands ; Teratoma* ; Thyroid Gland

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Anti-proliferative efficacy comparison of conjugated linoleic acid on human cancer cell lines.

Sook Jahr PARK ; Boh Hyun KIM ; Hoon Gu KIM ; So Young KIM ; Cyrus Kim HAH ; Yong Un CHO ; Gon Sup KIM ; Yeong Lae HA

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(4):240-248.

The anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-conjugated linoleic acid (t,t-CLA), c9,t11-CLA, and t10,c12-CLA was compared in several human cancer cell lines. Gastric NCI-N87, liver Hep3B, pancreas Capan-2, and lung NCI-H522 cancer cells were incubated with 50 microM CLA isomers over a period of 6 days. The t,t-CLA inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines to different extents, but c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA inhibited or stimulated the growth of the cancer cell lines. NCI-N87 cells were the most sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis from all CLA isomers tested. In NCI-N87 cells, CLA isomers reduced the release of arachidonic acid (AA) via the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity, consequently reducing the production of PGE2 through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The efficacies of CLA isomers were in the following order (from most to least effective): t,t-CLA, t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA. Overall, these results imply that the anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-CLA on cancer cells, especially NCI-N87 cells, was greater than other CLA isomers due to its induction of apoptosis through the inhibition of cPLA2 and COX-2 activities.
Apoptosis ; Arachidonic Acid ; Cell Line* ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cytosol ; Dinoprostone ; Humans* ; Linoleic Acid* ; Liver ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Phospholipases A2

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Characterization of two antimicrobial peptides identified from a random peptide library and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.

In Sook JEON ; Ki Duk SONG ; Jae Don OH ; Joong Kook CHOI

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(4):235-239.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of innate defense mechanisms with broad-spectrum activities against various pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Antibiotic resistance has become a pervasive and global health burden, resulting in the immediate need to develop a new class of antibiotic substances. We screened a 16-mer random peptide library using the yeast two-hybrid system with Beclin 1 as bait and found that two 16-mer peptides (named P4 and P30) appeared to interact with Beclin1 in the beta-gal assay. The two candidate cDNAs were introduced into the yeast secretory system of Pichia pastoris and their expression induced in the presence of methanol. Spectrophotometric analysis and Disc clear zone assay using the supernatant of the yeast growth media showed that both of the two peptides had strong activities against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA (methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus), MRSA2242, and MRSA-2250, but no effect on commensal Lactobacillus strains. PCR analysis of the genomic DNA of transformed Pichia pastoris using AOX1 primers revealed that the two cDNAs were integrated into the genome at the AOX1 locus. Our result suggests that these peptides could be developed as a useful alternative to classic chemical antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Defense Mechanisms ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Fungi ; Genome ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Lactobacillus ; Lactobacillus casei ; Methanol ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Peptide Library* ; Peptides* ; Pichia* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Yeasts*

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Expression of CD44 in mouse diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic tumors as well as in DEN-treated embryo stem cells and derived hepatic lineage cells.

Jin Seok KANG ; Dae Joong KIM

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(4):230-234.

To clarify the role of stem cells in hepatocarcinogenesis, CD44 expression was investigated in mouse livers as well as embryonic cell lineages treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Liver tumors induced by DEN were analyzed by immunohistochemisty for CD44. Liver tissues were sampled at 6, 24, and 48 hr after treatment with saline or DEN. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), and hepatocyte like cells (HCs), representing 0, 22, and 40 days of differentiation, respectively, were treated with DEN at four doses (0, 1, 5, and 15 mM, respectively) for 24 hr, after which CD44 expression levels were examined by relative quantitative real-time PCR. CD44 expression was weakly detected in tumor cells as well as in some hepatocytes surrounding the tumor cells. However, CD44 expression was not detected in liver tissue treated with DEN at early time points. The CD44 mRNA expression level was significantly different among cells treated with 5 mM DEN at day 22 (P<0.01) as well as 1, 5, and 15 mM DEN at day 40 (P<0.01) compared with control. Taken together, CD44 expression slightly increased in mouse DEN-induced tumors. Furthermore, expression of CD44 in embryonic cell lineages treated with various doses of DEN significantly differed among embryo stem cells and derived hepatic lineage cells. This suggests that CD44 expression may be modulated in the progeny of stem cells during their differentiation toward hepatocytes, and its expression may increase in the tumor stage but not during early carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Lineage ; Diethylnitrosamine* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Embryonic Structures* ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Mice* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cells*

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A light microscopic study on tongue development in Korean native goats (Capra hircus).

Munki KIM ; Gyu Hyen CHO ; Chong Sup KIM ; Gon Sup KIM ; Chungkil WON

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(4):226-229.

The purpose of this study was to identify the composition and organization of lingual tissues underlying the histo-structural change of developing tongue in Korean native goats by light microscopy (LM). Tongues of the fetuses on days 60, 90, 120 and neonate were examined for the morphological development. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the tongue tissues were differentiated into epithelium, lamina propria and muscle layer. Primordia of filiform, conical, lentiform, fungiform and vallate papillae appeared and rudiments of taste bud were observed in the epithelia of the primordia of the gustatory papillae. The dorsal surface of the lingual epithelia showed a weak PAS positive reaction. Collagenous fibers and small blood vessels were shown in the connective tissues. In the 90-day-old fetuses, Von Ebner's glands were moderately PAS positive while the muscle fibers and connective tissue were strongly positive for PAS. The collagenous fibers increased and came to have a more complex arrangement in the tongue. The muscle fibers were spread out at various directions and developed in striated muscle bundles. In the 120-day-old fetuses, taste buds were observed in the epithelia of the gustatory papillae, and several well-developed tissues visible such as blood vessels, collagenous fibers, muscle fiber bundles and Von Ebner's glands. In the neonates, many taste buds were found in a transverse section of the vallate papilla. The muscle layers, Von Ebner's glands, collagenous fibers and blood vessels were more developed than those of the 120-day old fetuses. These findings indicate that goat tongues have a variety of different shapes during prenatal development.
Blood Vessels ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Epithelium ; Fetus ; Goats* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Microscopy ; Morphogenesis ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscle, Striated ; Muscles ; Taste Buds ; Tongue* ; von Ebner Glands

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