Journal Detail Information

1

Cite

Share

Scanning electron microscopic observation of lingual papillae in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris).

Munki KIM ; Chong Sup KIM ; Gon Sup KIM ; Chung Kil WON

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):135-140. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.135

The morphology of the lingual papillae in a female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tongue was 22.3 cm in length and 7.1 cm in width. Numerous filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. SEM examination of the tongue revealed two types of mechanical papillae, i.e. filiform and conical papilla, and two types of gustatory papillae, i.e. fungiform and vallate papilla, on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and several secondary papillae. The filiform papillae on the anterior part of the tongue were divided into one primary and 6~14 secondary papillae. Unlike other mammalians, however, secondary papillae in the mid-part of the tongue showed pineal-like papillae. In the posterior part of the tongue, secondary papillae were rare or absent. Fungiform papillae were surrounded by filiform papillae and densely distributed on the lingual surface. There were two vallate papillae on the borderline between the lingual body and root of the tongue. A vallate papilla contained two secondary papillae inside the grooves. Conical papillae were located in the area of the vallate papillae and covered the posterior part of the tongue root. No foliate papillae were seen on both margins of the posterior part of the tongue. Our results indicate that the structure on the lingual papillae of the Bengal tiger is somewhat different from that of other mammals.
Female ; Humans ; Mammals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tigers* ; Tongue

2

Cite

Share

Association of maternal iron status with birthweight at third trimester in pregnant women.

Young Ok SHIN ; Hyeonkyeong YEON ; Oh Young LEE ; Eugene KIM ; Kyu Sang KYEONG ; Eun Hwan JEONG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):129-134. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.129

To investigate the association between maternal iron status at the third trimester and fetal birthweight, maternal serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and complete blood count values were measured at 36-weeks gestation. Delivery database on mothers who delivered babies at Chungbuk National University Hospital between January 2008 and March 2013 was extracted. A total of 353 uncomplicated term babies were analyzed using hierarchical regression and ANCOVA. Maternal age (standardized regression coefficient beta=0.115, P<0.05), height (beta=0.108, P<0.05), BMI (beta=0.210, P<0.001), and gestational age (beta=0.298, P<0.001) were significantly associated with birthweight. However, birthweight was not associated with maternal iron parameters. After adjusting for maternal age, height, BMI, and gestational age, babies born to mothers with lower mean values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin were heavier than those born to mothers with higher values. Babies born to lower hemoglobin (11 g/dL) mothers were heavier than those born to higher hemoglobin (12 g/dL) mothers. However, birthweight was not significantly different between mothers with 10 g/dL or 13 g/dL of hemoglobin. Comparing birthweight according to 30 ug/dL of serum iron, 360 ug/dL of TIBC, 15 ng/mL of serum ferritin, and 10% transferrin saturation, babies born to mothers of the lower group were heavier than those born to mothers of the higher group. Therefore, maternal serum iron status at the third trimester seems to not be associated with birthweight.
Birth Weight ; Blood Cell Count ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Ferritins ; Gestational Age ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Iron* ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third* ; Pregnant Women* ; Transferrin

3

Cite

Share

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on compound 48/80-induced pruritus in mice.

Jae Wan KIM ; Byeong Teck KANG ; Ji Houn KANG ; Mhan Pyo YANG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):123-128. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.123

Pruritus is one of the most important symptoms of allergic inflammatory skin disease. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to have preventive effects against allergic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not oral administration of CLA suppresses pruritus induced by compound 48/80 (composed of N-methyl-p-methoxy phenethylamine with formaldehyde) in mice, and if so, whether or not this effect is associated with serum histamine and prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels. Liquid CLA mixture (36.25% 9c-11t CLA, 36.95% 10t-12c CLA, 1.12% 9c-11c, and 1.94% t9-t11 CLA) was emulsified in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt and orally administered to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg once per day for 3 days. Similarly, disodium chromoglycate (DSCG), an antipruritic substance, was administered orally at the same concentrations as the negative control. Compound 48/80, a pruritus-inducing reagent, was subcutaneously injected 30 minutes after final administration of CLA. Scratching behavior of mice was counted just after compound 48/80 injection. Serum histamine and PGE2 concentrations were evaluated individually. Mice administered with CLA showed reduced frequency of scratching behavior compared to those without CLA. Antipruritic activities in CLA-treated and DSCG-treated groups were 48.5% and 26.8%, respectively. CLA and DSCG also diminished serum concentrations of histamine and PGE2 compared to compound 48/80 alone, respectively. This result suggests that dietary CLA has an antipruritic effect by down-regulating serum histamine and PGE2 levels for relief of compound 48/80-induced scratching behavior in mice, which will be useful in allergic pruritus as a preventive medicine.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ; Dinoprostone ; Histamine ; Inflammation ; Linoleic Acid* ; Mice* ; Preventive Medicine ; Pruritus* ; Skin Diseases ; Sodium

4

Cite

Share

Antibacterial effects of carvacrol against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Youyoung CHO ; Hu Jang LEE

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):117-122. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.117

The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol (CV) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) strains in milk. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of CV against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 were determined. In addition, bactericidal kinetics and antimicrobial activity of CV against the aforementioned pathogens in milk over a period of 2 weeks were investigated. CV exhibited antibacterial activity against both foodborne pathogens tested. The MIC and MBC of CV against S. aureus were 15.0 and 20 mg/mL, respectively, whereas those against E. coli O157:H7 were 16.0 and 32 mg/mL, respectively. In time-kill assays, CV at MBC reduced the number of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 in milk to undetectable levels within 24 hr. The antibacterial effects of CV persisted for 14 days without any loss of activity. Results of this study suggest that CV has a potential antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens such as S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 in milk.
Escherichia coli* ; Foodborne Diseases ; Kinetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Milk ; Staphylococcus aureus*

5

Cite

Share

Immunohistochemical study on cytokeratin expression on developing tongue in Korean native goats (Capra hircus).

Gyu Hyen CHO ; Munki KIM ; Chong Sup KIM ; Gon Sup KIM ; Chung Kil WON

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):112-116. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.112

Cytokeratin (CK) comprises the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. Patterns of CK expression can be regarded as a specific marker for epithelial differentiation status. The aim of this study was to identify CK expression on tongues of Korean native goats ranging from 60-day-old fetuses to newborns during prenatal development using immunohistochemistry. The tongues of fetuses were removed from 2- to 4-year-old female Korean native goats by caesarean section performed under general anesthesia. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CK expression patterns on developing goat tongues using serial paraffin-embedded sections. Light zones signifying CK immunoreactivity in dorsal lingual epithelia were weakly positive in 60-day-old fetuses. In 90-day-old fetuses, deep areas in dorsal lingual epithelia were strongly positive for CK expression and superficial areas were moderately positive. In 120-day-old fetuses, light zones of lingual epithelia in the vallate papilla were strongly positive for CK expression, whereas ducts of von Ebner's glands were moderately positive. In neonates, taste buds were positive for CK expression, whereas non-taste epithelial cells and von Ebner's glands were negative. These findings indicate that goat tongues have different patterns of CK expression during development and provide a morphological basis for studies on the biological mechanism of epithelial differentiation.
Anesthesia, General ; Cesarean Section ; Child, Preschool ; Cytoskeleton ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Female ; Fetus ; Goats* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Intermediate Filaments ; Keratins* ; Pregnancy ; Taste Buds ; Tongue* ; von Ebner Glands

6

Cite

Share

Canine model of ischemic stroke with autologous thrombus in three dogs; Magnetic resonance imaging features and histopathological findings.

Joon Hyeok JEON ; Hae Won JUNG ; Hee Chun LEE ; Byeong Teck KANG ; Jung Hyang SUR ; Dong In JUNG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):107-111. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.107

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a canine model of stroke. Ischemic stroke was induced by using prepared autologous thrombus. The dogs were placed in lateral recumbency on the operation table and the cervical area of each dog was sterilized by using alcohol. After making a cervical incision, the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery (a branch of the common carotid artery that supplies an anterior part of the brain) were exposed. A 200 microL injection of the autologous thrombus prepared 24 hr prior to surgery was delivered with a 20 gauge venous catheter through an internal carotid artery. After successful delivery of the autologous thrombus, the venous catheter was removed, and the cervical incision was sutured. Neurologic signs including generalized seizures, tetraparesis, and altered mental status, were observed in all 3 dogs after induction of ischemic stroke and the signs manifested immediately after awakening from anesthesia. T1- and T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images of the brain were acquired 1 day before and 1 day after surgery. On the day following ischemic stroke induction, MRI revealed multifocal lesions in the cerebral cortex and subcortex such as T1 hypointensity, T2 hyperintensity, FLAIR hyperintensity, and diffusion-weighted hyperintensity in all 3 dogs. Upon postmortem examination, ischemic lesions were found to be consistent with the MRI findings and they were unstained with 2% triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Histologic features of the earliest neuronal changes such as cytoplasmic eosinophilia with pyknotic nuclei were identified. Neuropil spongiosis and perivascular cuffing were also prominently observed at the infarcted area. The present study demonstrated the features of MRI and histopathologic findings in canine ischemic stroke models.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Autopsy ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cytoplasm ; Dogs* ; Eosinophilia ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Neurons ; Neuropil ; Operating Tables ; Seizures ; Stroke* ; Thrombosis*

7

Cite

Share

Effects of cold stress as a pathogenic factor on fatal disease progression of canine herpesvirus.

Hyun A LEE ; Sunhwa HONG ; Yun Seong LEE ; Dong Woo KIM ; Hye Young KWON ; Cheol Yong LEE ; Okjin KIM

Journal of Biomedical Research.2014;15(3):100-106. doi:10.12729/jbr.2014.15.3.100

Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is a member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, which can cause severe hemorrhagic diseases in neonatal pups as well as mild or subclinical respiratory infections in adult dogs. We examined the effects of cold stress on disease progression of CHV, an alphaherpesvirus, in neonatal puppies. Eight puppies were challenged intranasally with CHV suspension and divided into a cold stress treatment group and a hyperthermal group. Four pups were left uninoculated as controls and divided into cold and hyperthermal groups. In the challenged cold treatment group, all pups showed CHV-related disease within 5 days; pathological changes were observed in organs of puppies showing clinical symptoms. Grossly, numerous petechial red foci were scattered throughout lungs, kidneys, livers, and intestines of all CHV-infected puppies exposed to cold stress. Most puppies showed typical clinical signs and macroscopic lesions, and CHV infection was confirmed by isolation of the virus. However, in the challenged hyperthermal group, only one of the pups showed mild symptoms of CHV-induced disease. None of the puppies in the uninoculated group showed abnormal signs, although they were exposed to cold stress. These findings indicate that cold stress can cause rapid disease progression of CHV, an alphaherpesvirus.
Adult ; Animals ; Disease Progression* ; Dogs ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Respiratory Tract Infections

8

Cite

Share

Serum serotonin concentration in small breed dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease.

Soo Jung LIM ; Sun Hee LEE ; Kun Ho SONG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2015;16(4):177-181. doi:10.12729/jbr.2015.16.4.177

This study investigated the potential associations of dog characteristics with serum serotonin (5HT) concentration in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Client-owned dogs were prospectively recruited at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University between 2010 and 2011. Forty-two dogs (22 females and 20 males) were enrolled in this study. DMVD dogs included Maltese (n=12), followed by Shih-tzu (n=10), mixed breed (n=5), Chihuahua (n=4), Miniature schnauzer (n=3), Miniature poodle (n=3), Miniature pinscher (n=1), Pomeranian (n=1), Yorkshire terrier (n=2), and Spitz (n=1). As inclusion criteria for the study, dogs had to show either direct or echocardiographic evidence of DMVD. Platelet count significantly differed among the three groups, as the moderate (P<0.05) and severe groups (P<0.05) showed significantly higher platelet counts than the mild DMVD group. Additionally, significantly higher LVIDd, LVIDs, fractional shortening (FS), and LA:Ao ratios were observed in dogs with moderate (P<0.05) and severe (P<0.05) DMVD compared to the mild group, respectively. Significant positive correlations between serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) concentration and platelet count (r=0.273, P=0.03), LA:Ao ratio (r=0.459, P=0.001), and LVIDd (r=0.319, P=0.013) were observed in DMVD dogs. Therefore, serum 5HT concentration may be a potential cause of DMVD progression.
Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Dogs* ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Mitral Valve* ; Platelet Count ; Prospective Studies ; Serotonin*

9

Cite

Share

Functional expression of mechanosensitive two-pore domain potassium channel in human bladder carcinoma cells.

Kyung Sun PARK ; Yangmi KIM

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(2):71-76.

Bladder cancer is a common cancer in smoking men and may correlate with mechanosensitive potassium channels because the urinary bladder is a stretch sensing organ. Two-pore K+ channels (K2P), such as TASK3 and TREK1, have recently been shown to play a critical role in both cell apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Of the channels, TREK1 can be activated by many physiological stimuli, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and intracellular pH, hypoxia, and neurotransmitters. Here we attempted to determine whether TREK1 is functionally expressed in bladder cancer 253J cells. K2P channels, including TREK1, TREK2, TASK1, TASK3, and TWIK1, were quantified in cultured human bladder cancer 253J cells using real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Among them, TREK1-like channel was recorded at a single channel level using the patch-clamp technique. The TREKl-like channel, with single-channel conductance of ~90 pS at -80 mV, was recorded in symmetrical 150 mM KCl using an excised inside-out patch configuration. The current-voltage relationships were linear and were insensitive to tetraethylammonium. The channel was activated by membrane stretch, free fatty acids, and intracellular acidosis. These results with electrophysiological properties resemble to those of K2P channel, for instance, TREK1. Therefore, we conclude that TREK1 channel is functionally present in bladder cancer 253J cells.
Acidosis ; Anoxia ; Apoptosis ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Membranes ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels* ; Potassium* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tetraethylammonium ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

10

Cite

Share

Quantitative expression analysis of two NAGPA isoforms in multiple human cDNA tissue panels.

Changsoo KANG

Journal of Biomedical Research.2013;14(2):65-70.

Uncovering enzyme (UCE), encoded by the human NAGPA, is a trans-Golgi enzyme that adds the mannose-6-phosphate recognition tag on lysosomal enzymes destined for the lysosome. Mutations in NAGPA are known to cause stuttering, a common speech disorder with unknown etiology. The human NAGPA gene is transcribed into two different forms, probably due to alternative splicing. One of them, known as a brain isoform, is lacking exon 8 (102-bp). We performed quantitative real-time PCR for the NAGPA brain and non-brain isoforms in a cDNA panel originating from 16 human tissues and 24 sub-brain regions. According to our findings, the relative quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform in the brain was 4.7 times more than that in the control cDNA, a pooled mixture of equal amounts of cDNAs from the 16 different tissues. Further analysis using the cDNA panel originating from 24 different sub-brain regions revealed that the cerebral cortex contained the largest amount of NAGPA brain isoform. Relative quantity in the cerebral cortex was 8.6 times more than that in the control cDNA (P=0.00004). The lowest quantity of this isoform was detected in cDNA from the pituitary gland. In conclusion, findings of the current study suggest that the cerebral cortex, expressing the highest quantity of the NAGPA brain isoform, might be the region associated with speech function.
Alternative Splicing ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex ; DNA, Complementary* ; Exons ; Humans* ; Lysosomes ; Mannosephosphates ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Pituitary Gland ; Protein Isoforms* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stuttering

DISPLAY OPTIONS

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share