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Dacryocystitis associated with nasolacrimal duct cyst.

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):122-124. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.122

An infant presented with persistent epiphora after successful probing of the lacrimal system. Examination of the nose showed a cystic structure occluding lower portion of the lacrimal drainage system. In cases of recurrent obstruction, nasal examination and endoscopic marsupialization may help guide the clinician towards the most appropriate treatment.
Cysts/*complications/surgery ; Dacryocystitis/*complications/surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/*complications/surgery ; *Nasolacrimal Duct ; Recurrence

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Cyst of accessory lacrimal gland.

Kyung In WOO ; Yoon Duck KIM

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):117-121. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.117

When a patient is presented with a subconjunctival cyst, it is not only hard to reveal its true nature clinically but also easy to rupture during excision. We experienced cases with cysts of the accessory lacrimal gland in two patients with subconjunctival cysts. They had lid swelling at initial presentation and underwent surgical excision of subconjunctival cysts located in superior portion of the upper tarsal plate. The lining of these cysts composed of ductal epithelia. Biochemical analyses for serum and cystic fluid were performed in one case, in which was found high Ig A titer in the cystic fluid. These cysts seemed to originate from the duct of Wolfring's accessory lacrimal gland, considering their anatomic locations and pathologic findings. Complete removal of the cyst is important, because recurrences have been reported in cases of incomplete removal or simple aspiration.
Adult ; Conjunctival Diseases/pathology/surgery ; Cysts/*pathology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/*pathology/surgery ; Orbit/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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Change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity between the age of six months and three years.

Sang In KHWARG ; Hyeong Gon YU ; Young Suk YU

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):111-116. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.111

To investigate the chronological change of refraction in premature infants after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), cycloplegic refractions had been performed at 6 months and 3 years after term in premature infants who underwent cryotherapy for ROP. The changes of refractions between the two study ages were evaluated not only in the total cryo-treated eyes, but also in the subdivided groups according to the posterior pole appearances. In the total 61 eyes of 32 premature infants, mean spherical equivalents were -4.05D vs. -5.94D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0001). In the normal posterior pole group (48 eyes), mean spherical equivalents were -3.45D vs. -5.68D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.0000), and in the abnormal posterior pole group (13 eyes), -6.28D vs. -6.86D (6 months vs. 3 years) (p = 0.6496). These results mean that there is a myopic progressive change between 6 months and 3 years after term in the cryo-treated eyes for acute ROP and it is more evident in the eyes with normal posterior pole.
Acute Disease ; Child, Preschool ; Cryosurgery/*adverse effects ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Myopia/*etiology/physiopathology ; *Refraction, Ocular ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/physiopathology/*surgery

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Retinal circulation times in branch retinal vein occlusion.

Gumin KANG ; Jaeheung LEE

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):107-110. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.107

To investigate the retinal hemodynamics in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), we measured retinal circulation times using scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and studied their relationships with clinical findings. Arm-retina time (ART) and arteriovenous passage time (AVP) were measured in 30 eyes of 30 patients. Mean ART was 13.07 seconds. ART showed no difference in relation to sex and systemic diseases, but increased with age. Mean AVPs were 3.00 sec. and 3.39 sec. in superotemporal and inferotemporal BRVO, respectively. AVPs were delayed significantly in occluded branch of retinal veins. AVP was delayed three-fold when the area of capillary nonperfusion was over 6 disc area, but showed no difference according to the duration of disease or macular edema. These results suggest that SLO may be a useful tool for studying retinal hemodynamics in BRVO.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers/diagnostic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Regional Blood Flow ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications/*physiopathology ; Retinal Vessels/*physiology

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Double-pass excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: treatment in 62 eyes with high myopia.

Ki San KIM ; Se Youp LEE ; Joon Sup OH

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):101-106. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.101

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) on the correction of high myopia, we performed planned double-pass PRK procedure at the same session on 62 eyes of 55 patients with myopia ranging from -6.30D to -15.25D (mean, -9.94D). In the first pass, a myopic correction of -6.00D with a 4.5 millimeter ablation zone was performed, and immediately after, a second correction of remaining myopia with a 5.0 millimeter ablation zone was performed. Attempted correction ranged from -6.30D to -9.50D (mean, -8.70D). The eyes were divided into two groups which were -10.50D or less (group A), and higher than -10.50D (group B). All the eyes received topical corticosteroid therapy postoperatively. One year after double-pass PRK, uncorrected visual acuity in group A and B improved to 20/40 or better in 84.0%, and 73.3% of the eyes and to 20/30 or better in 75.0% and 33.3% of the eyes respectively. The mean refractive errors at 12 months after PRK were -0.3 +/- 1.6D in group A, and -1.5 +/- 2.1D in group B. The percent of achieved correction within +/- 1.0D were 70.8% in group A, and 46.7% in group B 12 months after surgery. The epithelium healed by three days and there were no corneal erosions. Corneal haze (Grade 2 or more) was seen in 9.0% in group A and 36.4% in group B at 12 months after PRK. A planned double-pass PRK is a promising approach to correct high myopia (up to -10.50D), but long-term follow up will be required.
Adult ; Cornea/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/*surgery ; Photorefractive Keratectomy/*methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Refraction, Ocular ; Visual Acuity ; Wound Healing

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Probability of global indices in low tension glaucoma.

Chul HONG ; Jong Hoon LEE ; Ki Yung SONG

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):96-100. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.96

To know the pattern of visual field (VF) defect of low tension glaucoma (LTG), its diffuse and localized VF defects were compared using the significance values (p-value) of mean deviation (MD) and corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), which are calculated with STATPAC in Humphrey Visual Field Analyser. Sixteen eyes of LTG were enrolled and 34 eyes of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were used as controls. The degree of VF defects in LTG and POAG was relatively mild with the p-value of MD equal to or greater than 1%. Neither mean MD nor mean CPSD of LTG was significantly different from each of POAG (p > 0.8 and p > 0.2, respectively). Comparing the p-values of MD and CPSD, many patients showed more significant p-value of MD in LTG and POAG (62.5% and 61.8%, respectively). However, relatively more severe defect of CPSD tended to occur more frequently in LTG than in POAG (25% and 5.9%, respectively, chi-square = 4.964, p < 0.09). The relation between p-values of MD and CPSD was not significantly influenced by the intraocular pressure, MD or vertical cup to disc ratio in either LTG or POAG.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Probability ; Vision Disorders/*pathology ; *Visual Fields

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Experimentally designed glaucoma implant surgery with mitomycin C in rabbit.

Changwon KEE ; Dong Ho YOUN

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):89-95. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.89

An attempt was made to observe the possibility of controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) without hypotony and ocular motility disorder by installing an experimentally designed glaucoma implant through a small conjunctival incision with the aid of a stylet and maintaining the aqueous reservoir using mitomycin C (MMC). The implant was made of silicone tube, of which one end was occluded by glue and on the same end 4 check-valve-like slits were made. Thirty-five healthy white rabbits were used and subdivided into 4 groups. In groups I to III, implants having 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm slit lengths, respectively, were installed with MMC application in one eye of each of the 10 rabbits. In group IV, a 2 mm slit-length implant was installed without MMC in one eye of each of the 5 rabbits. Pneumatonometry and ultrasonography were performed to check the IOP and the formation of aqueous reservoir in the implanted eyes for 8 weeks. In group I through III, there was a statistically significant 4-5 mmHg pressure-lowering effect in the implanted eyes compared to the contralateral control eyes for 8 weeks. The aqueous reservoirs were observed throughout the follow-up period. In group IV, we could observe neither a pressure-lowering effect nor aqueous reservoir formation in the implanted eyes after 2 weeks postoperatively. Hypotony did not occur in implanted eyes in any of the groups. This study shows the possibility of IOP control by installing a specially designed glaucoma implant with application of MMC.
Animals ; Anterior Eye Segment/ultrasonography ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*therapeutic use ; Aqueous Humor/secretion ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Glaucoma/*therapy ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin/*therapeutic use ; Ocular Hypotension/prevention & control ; Ocular Motility Disorders/prevention & control ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; *Silicone Elastomers ; Tonometry, Ocular

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Ultrastructural change of the Muller cell in the culture of sensory retina.

Byung Joo SONG ; Myung Kyoo KO ; Joon Kiu CHOE

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):84-88. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.84

This study was performed to investigate the sequential changes of the retinal tissue in tissue culture condition. The human sensory retinal tissues were cultured for up to 2 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively. The initial changes showed the separation of the intercellular space and the consequent widening of the intercellular space with prolapse of cytoplasmic processes into the widened intercellular space. The internal limiting membrane was also separated from the inner retina, which led to the prolapse of the cytoplasm of the Muller cell. The growth of the Muller cell was most prominent during the 4-weeks' tissue culture period. These findings suggest that the Muller cell might contribute to the formation of cellular membrane in case of the defect of the internal limiting membrane in several pathologic conditions.
Adult ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroglia/*ultrastructure ; Retina/*ultrastructure

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Determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the vitreous by high performance liquid chromatography.

Hyung Woo KWAK ; Donald J D'AMICO

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):79-83. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.79

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) is increasingly used in the treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases by systemic, periocular, and recently, intravitreal injection. We have developed a method for the determination of vitreous levels of DSP by reverse phase HPLC. In this method, co-elution of vitreous proteins with DSP is resolved by a prior sample clean-up procedure using Waters Sep-Pak C18 cartridge; the protein is separated and eluted with water while DSP, paraben and prednisone are eluted with methanol. DSP in the resulting sample is then separated by reverse phase HPLC and quantified by UV absorption at 254 nm. The recovery of DSP through the sample clean-up is 68.9 +/- 3.0%. DSP quantitation is linear from 0.1 mg to 1.0 mg per 1.0 ml vitreous. This method provides a simple, sensitive and reliable technique for determining the vitreous levels of DSP.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods ; Dexamethasone/*analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Rabbits ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vitreous Body/*chemistry

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Induction of vitreolysis and vitreous detachment with hyaluronidase and perfluoropropane gas.

Se Woong KANG ; Sung Min HYUNG ; Mi Young CHOI ; Jaeheung LEE

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.1995;9(2):69-78. doi:10.3341/kjo.1995.9.2.69

To simulate the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the rabbit, 1 IU hyaluronidase and/or 0.2 ml of perfluoropropane gas was intravitreally injected. Ophthalmoscopic, light microscopic examination prepared by cryotechnique, electron microscopic examination, and electroretinogram were done on the 3rd and 28th postoperative days. As a result, the eyes undergone simultaneous intravitreal injection of 1 IU hyaluronidase and 0.2 ml perfluoropropane gas showed membranous structure split from the internal limiting membrane of the superior retina in 3 days after injection. The eyes also demonstrated membranous structure separated from the superior retina after 28 days, simulating vitreous detachment. On the contrary, neither agent alone induced vitreous detachment. No toxic retinal changes associated with simultaneous intravitreal injection of 1 IU hyaluronidase and 0.2 ml perfluoropropane gas were observed. Therefore, with a future support by histologic examination other than cryotechnique and by immunohistochemical analysis, the simultaneous intravitreal injection of perfluoropropane gas and hyaluronidase would be a promising method to induce vitreous detachment in non-vitrectomized eye.
Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Electroretinography ; Eye Diseases/chemically induced/pathology ; Fluorocarbons/*toxicity ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/*toxicity ; Injections ; Rabbits ; Retina/drug effects/physiology ; Vitreous Body/*drug effects/pathology

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