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Research of normal cerebrospinal fluid flow of the middle aqueduct by spin labeling at MR imaging

Lingmei ZHU ; Xiaoshan GUO ; Yi YANG ; Yunhua XIAO ; Xiangqin YANG

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):232-234. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.030

Objective To measure the normal cerebrospinal fluid of the midbrain aqueduct peak velocity of different age groups by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (time‐SLIP) ,and to discuss the flow law of CSF . Methods Forty‐one cases of healthy volunteers ,including 23 cases of male ,18 cases of female ,aged 7 -73 .Patients were divided into 4 groups:7- <15 age group (n=11) ,15- <35 age group (n=10) ,35- <45 age group (n=9) ,≥45 age group (n=11) .We used the application of Toshiba 1 .5 T MRI head coil ,MRI sequence of time‐SLIP marked CSF to calculated the peak velocity of CSF in the midbrain aqueduct and measure the diameter and length of the midbrain aqueduct .Results The peak flow velocity be‐tween the 7- <15 age group and 15 - <35 age group ,35 - <45 age group ,≥45 age group were statistically significant (P<0 .05);inner diameter and length were no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) between age .Conclusion In the midbrain aqueduct ,CSF is two‐way flow and supports the CSF of the pulsatile flow theory ;MRI sequence of time‐SLIP could measure CSF velocity and display the turbulence fluiding .

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Evaluation of buccal cortical bone thickness in maxillary posterior region for orthodontic micro-implants in children by using CBCT

Yao XIAO ; Maoxuan LUO

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):221-223. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.026

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the thickness of the buccal cortical bone in the posterior region of the maxillary for orthodontic micro‐implants in children .Methods Forty children (20 males and 20 females) in permanent dentition with Class Ⅱdivision 1 malocclusion were selected .The maxillary posterior alveolar bones of the subjects were scanned and reconstructed by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) .The thickness of the cortical bone between the dental roots of the second upper premolar and the first upper molar at the height of 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 mm from the alveolar crest were determined .The data were analyzed sta‐tistically .Results The thickness of the cortical bone between the second upper premolar and the first upper molar was minimum at the height of 4 mm from the alveolar crest(P<0 .05) .The thickness of the cortical bone increased along with the distance increas‐ing from the alveolar crest at the height of 5 mm .The cortical bones in male were significantly thicker than those in female at the height of 7 ,8 ,9 mm (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The thickness of the buccal corticalbone in children in permanent dentition with ClassⅡ division 1 malocclusion changes with the measured vertical position .Micro‐implant anchorage is better to be placed in the area with a distance of 5 mm from the alveolar crest .

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The relationship between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and clinic pathology of IgA nephropathy

Jun ZHANG ; Fahuan YUAN ; Hua GAN

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):218-220. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.025

Objective To analyze the correlation between the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and the clinicopathologic features of IgA nephropathy .Methods A total of 168 patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy in Xinqiao hospital from Janu‐ary 2011 to December 2013 were divided into high expression of dual‐positive Snail and a‐SMA group (Group A ,117 cases) and low expression of dual‐positive Snail and a‐SMA group (Group B ,51 cases) according to results of immunohistochemical method .The clinical parameters (age ,gender ,course of disease ,BMI and chemical indicators) and renal pathology grade were compared by statis‐tical analysis .Results There were difference between group A and group B in the course of disease and BMI(P<0 .05) .There were differences between group A and group B in the incidences of creatinine ,blood urea nitrogen ,serum triglycerides and 24‐hour urine protein amount (P<0 .05) .The percentage of Lee′s grade Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ in group B was significant ,while percentage of Lee′s gradeⅣ + Ⅴin group A was significant .The expression of Snail and a‐SMA in grade Ⅳ + Ⅴ was more than that in grade Ⅰ + Ⅱ (40 .2%vs .9 .4% ) ,and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of Snail and‐SMA were related with 24‐hour urine protein amount and kidney function in IgA nephropathy ;and Lee′s grade was severe in patients with high expression of Snail and‐SMA .

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Prognostic evaluation of the tongue carcinoma surgery with preservation of the integrity of mandible and dentition

Gang ZHANG

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):215-217. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.024

Objective To evaluate the prognosis of tongue carcinoma surgery with preservation of the integrity of mandible and dentition .Methods Sixty four cases of tongue carcinoma surgery from January 2009 to January 2011 were randomly collected (sev‐en missed ,57 enrolled) .Through retrospective case‐control study on retention of mandibular dentition and mandible rectangle radi‐cal operation of tongue carcinoma radical operation of tongue cancer resection were analyzed the clinical data including the survival rate ,reoccurrence rate and post‐operation life quality .The questionnaire was conducted by fourth edition of UW‐QOL .Results There were no significant difference in survival rates of the two groups of patients between retaining the mandible and dentition and resection of mandible rectangle (P>0 .05) .Two different types of surgical procedures for treatment of jaw had no correlation with the reoccurrence rate (P>0 .05) .The quality of life in retaining the mandible and dentition was significantly higher than the rectan‐gular groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Under a strict choice of surgical indications ,preserving radical operation of tongue carcinoma of the mandible and dentition could achieve good results of surgical treatment ,and can significantly improve patients′quality of life after operation .

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Application of anisodamine to remifentanil during enteroscopy without pain for patients with bradycardia

Hansheng LIANG ; Hongwei SUN ; Xue TIAN ; Yi FENG

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):204-206. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.020

Objective To observe reverse effect of anisodamine to the adverse effect of remifentanil during enteroscopy without pain for patients with bradycardia .Methods Sixty‐five patients with bradycardia were selected and divided randomly into group C (n=21 ,control group)、group A1 (n=22 ,anisodamine by instillation) and group A2 (n=22 ,anisodamine by continous infusion) .In‐duction :Intravenous etomidate 0 .08 mg/kg ,propofol 1 .00 mg/kg and remifentanil 0 .10μg/kg in 3 groups .Ten mg anisodamine in‐fused by instillation before induction in group A1 ,5 mg anisodamine infused by instillation before induction and continous infused by 0 .25 mg/min in group A2 .Maintenance:All group received propofol 4 mg · kg‐1 · h‐1 ,remifentanil 0 .05 μg · kg‐1 · min‐1 after un‐dergoing enteroscopy .stopping pumping propofol when colonoscopy reached ileocecal junction ,and we took off remifentanil when colonoscopy withdraw to decending colon .Then we observed and recorded HR ,SpO2 ,MAP ,dosage ,fluid infusion ,induction time , check time ,analepsia time ,degree and of enterospasm and numbers of cases and side effect at T0 (before induction) ,T1 (beginning of operation) ,T2 (into the transverse colon) ,T3 (to the ileocecal junction) ,T4 (exit) .Results There were no significant difference a‐mong 3 groups of induction time .Compared with group A1 and group A2 about check time and analepsia time ,group C was much shorter .The HR of group A1 and A2 were more stable than group C at T2 、T3 .At T1 、T2 ,the fluctuation of HR of group A2 was less than that of group A1 .There was obviously different among 3 groups of propofol′s dosage ,operation time and enterospasm ,the effect of group A1 and group A2 were better .There was statistically significant in number of cases of body movement between group A1 (1/22)and group C(4/21) ,there was also statistical significance between group A1 ,group A2 and group C(P<0 .05) .Conclusion There are no difference between 2 methods about relieving enterospasm ,refraining intestinal angina ,shortening operation time , saving anesthetic dosage .Effect of continous pumping to undulation of HR may be more stable .

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The clinical characteristics analysis of 48 cases with hemorrhagic transformation after acute cerebral infarction

Hong TIAN ; Lei LIU ; Lei HAO ; Qiaoli ZANG ; Chuan ZHU

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):183-185. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.013

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics for patients with hemorrhagic transformation(HT) after acute cere‐bral infarction .Methods In this study ,retrospective analysis was performed for 48 patients HT ,which were classified as HI(n=45 ,93 .8% ) ,HI‐1(n=27) ,HI‐2(n=18);PH(n=3 ,6 .3% ) ,PH‐1(n=2) ,PH‐2(n=1) .PH‐2 admission NIHSS score was signifi‐cantly higher than other types of HT .CT scans and MRT were carried out ,infarction area were defined so that we could choose dif‐ferent treatments .Results The total cases with hemorrhage time within 1 -2 weeks after infarction was 28(58 .3% ) ,while 14 (29 .2% )occured within 1 week .The relationship between HT location and infarction area:25 cases(52 .1% ) occurred cerebral lobe infarction ,for which hemorrhage lesion was located in cortex and(or) subcortical;11 cases (22 .9% ) occurred deep brain parenchy‐ma infarction ,for which hemorrhagic lesion was located inside or on the edge of infarcts;8 cases were lobes and deep infarction ,3 cases were cerebellar infarction ,1 case was brain stem infarction ,all of the hemorrhagic lesion was inside the infarcts .The relation‐ship between HT and infarct size:31 cases(64 .6% ) occured secondary to large area acute cerebral infarction ,14 cases(29 .2% ) oc‐cured secondary to small area of cerebral infarction ,3 cases(6 .3% ) occured secondary to lacunar infarction .Hemorrhage of the HI patients was in the cortex and the subcortical white matter ,with shapes of deep brain dot ,patchy ,funicular or gyrus .Hematoma was formed in cerebral infarction for PH patients ,which mainly located in basal ganglia .Conclusion The HT occurrence is closely relat‐ed to the infarction area and size .Patients with Large area and cerebral lobe infarction have high opportunity for complication of HT .HT usually occurs within 1-2 weeks after cerebral infarction ,during which brain CT or MRI should be routinely reexamined .

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The characteristics and clinical manifestation of 120 subjects with non-specific pattern of pulmonary function tests

Zhaohui YANG ; Yahong CHEN

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):177-179. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.011

Objective To analyze the characteristics of pulmonary function and the clinical significance of non‐specific pattern (NSP) ,and provide basis for the clinical research .Methods A total of 120 pulmonary function tests of adult patients from January 2013 to June 2014 were selected and divided into NSP group(n=20) and normal lung function group(n=100) according to their lung function behavior .The pulmonary function test results ,clinical diagnosis and radiological manifestations were analyzed .The relevant factors affecting NSP occurred were selected and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze multiple factors .Results The FEVl ,VC ,TLC ,FVC ,MVV and FEVl/FVC in normal group were significantly higher than that of NSP group and the RV/TCL was lower than NSP group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Patients in NSP group were with obstructive and (or) restrictive clinical manifestations .There were 9 patients were without lung disease .Univariate analysis showed that age , BMI ,smoking history ,smoking ,obstructive diseases ,and restrictive disease in NSP group were significantly higher than that in nor‐mal group ,the difference were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Multivariate analysis showed that age ,BMI ,history of smoking , obstructive diseases and restrictive disease were independent risk factors for NSP (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Old age ,smoking and o‐besity could increase the incidence rate of NSP .The clinical characteristics include obstructive and restrictive ventilation defects ,and need to be identified positively .

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Changes and effects of the levels of serum lipid,lipoprotein (a) and tumor necrosis factor-αon the atherogenesis

Changzhu ZHENG ; Lansun LI

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):171-173. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.009

Objective To investigate the changes of atherosclerosis and vascular tissue after pecutaneous tranluminal angioplasty (PTA) ,and evaluate the role of serum lipid ,lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) in this progress .Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits with high fate diets were established as observation group ,and 10 rabbits with normal feed were set as control group .Blood biochemistry test was used to detect the levels of serum TC ,TG ,HDL‐C ,LDL‐C ,Lp(a) and TNF‐αbefore the experiment ,after 2 weeks feeding and 1 month ,2 months ,3months after PTA .The correlation among atherosclerosis and Lp(a) ,TNF‐a were measured by multiple logistic regression analysis .Opposite reference value was calculated with receiving operating characteristics (ROC) analysis .Results The levels of TC ,TG and LDL‐C were significant higher than baseline with the feeding time(P<0 .05) .The level of HDL‐C after 2 weeks high cholesterol diet feeding was lower than baseline (P<0 .05) .The content of TNF‐αat 2nd month after PTA was remarkable higher than baseline(P<0 .01) .ROC analysis showed that RR of TNF‐a was 1 .84(P<0 .01) and an area under the curve of 0 .871 for TNF‐α (95% CI:0 .811 -0 .956) compared to 0 .523 for Lp(a) (95% CI:0 .409-0 .720)regarding atherosclerosis .Conclusion The turbulence of lipid could be an important factor of atherosclero‐sis ,and the high level of TNF‐αmay take part in the process of repairing of arteriosclerotic vessel .

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The diagnosis value of E-cadherin in acute pancreatitis of rat

Weihong YUAN ; Qi PAN ; Guochang CHEN ; Yigang CHEN

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):168-170. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.008

Objective To explore the diagnosis value and expression of E‐cadherin in the acute pancreatitis .Methods Twenth‐four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group ,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group ,8 case in each groups .The animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection of L‐arginine .After 24 hours ,the serum levels of amylase and the expression change of variation E‐cadherin were tested .The pancreas tissue was taken for his‐topathological score under microscope .The expression of E‐cadherin at protein level in pancreatic tissue was detected by Western Blot .Results The histological scores of pancreas and serum amylase were significantly higher in the MAP and SAP groups than those in control group (P<0 .05) ,and difference between SAP group and MAP group was also very significant(P<0 .05) .The re‐sult of ELISA showed that the serum E‐cadherin in MAP group[(1 025 .50 ± 131 .33) pg/mL] and SAP group[(1 561 .75 ± 144 .82)pg/mL] were significantly higher than that in control group[(626 .50 ± 72 .12) pg/mL ,P<0 .05] ,and there was significant difference between MAP group and SAP group(P<0 .05) .The result of Western Blot was similar to the result of ELISA .Conclu‐sion E‐cadherin may have diagnosis value in the acute pancreatitis .

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Effect of blueberry on the expression of GCLC mRNA and protein in rats with acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride

Chongqing Medicine.2015;(2):161-164. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.02.006

Objective To observe the effect of blueberry on the mRNA and protein expression of GCLC in rats with acute hepat‐ic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) .Methods A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (A) ,the model group (B) ,the low dose blueberry group (10 .0 g/kg ,C) ,the high dose blueberry group (20 .0 g/kg , D) ,and the bifendate group (0 .15 g/kg ,E) ,and there were 10 rats in each group .Each group was respectively administered with corresponding drugs by gastrogavage ,once per day for 7 days .Then the rats in latter four groups were given CCl4 to induce acute hepatic injury model .The morphological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE stain .Detection of ALT and AST in serum were performed by an automatic biochemical analyser .The concentrations of MDA ,CAT ,SOD and GSH in the liver homogenate were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay .The mRNA and protein expression of GCLC in the liver tissue were deter‐mined by RT‐PCR ,immunohistochemical assay ,and Western blot respectively .Results Compared with group B ,the degree of he‐patic degenerative necrosis were significantly improved(P<0 .05) ,the activity of ALT and AST in serum and content of MDA in the liver homogenate were significantly lower in group C ,Group D and Group E(P<0 .01) ,the content of CAT ,SOD and GSH in the liver homogenate were significantly higher in Group C ,Group D and Group E (P<0 .01) ,and the mRNA and protein expression of GCLC were significantly higher in Group C ,Group D and Group E (P<0 .01) .Among group C ,group D and group E ,group E had similar effect with group D ,and both group D and group E had better effect than group C .Conclusion Blueberry has a good protective effect on acute hepatic injury in rats .Its mechanism would be related to anti oxidative stress ,and partly through up‐regu‐lating the expression of GCLC .

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