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Application of Iohexol Used in Enhanced CT Scanning

Shengqian LI ; Jing FENG ; Fu LIU ; Chengping JIANG ; Yun YANG ; Xiuhua XU

Herald of Medicine.2015;(9):1224-1226,1227. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2015.09.029

Objective To investigate the application of iohexol in enhanced CT scanning. Methods The total of 623 patients taking iohexol for enhanced CT scanning were sampled to record relevant data for reference. According to evaluation standards for rational use of contrast media,the risk factors,selection of contrast media,medication time,usage and dosage,and drug combination were analyzed statistically. Results Among 623 patients used iohexo for enhanced CT scanning,302 patients had the risk factors of adverse reaction(the incidence rate as 48.48%) and 115 patients received psychological intervention(the incidence rate as 18.46%).And 206 patients had been given with the reasonable fluid therapy before and after angiography(the incidence rate as 33.07%),there were only 124 patients who performed the renal function and urine routine examination 48-72 h before and after angiography(the incidence rate as 19.90%).And 33 patients occured allergic reaction with the incidence rate as 5.30%. Conclusion There existed irrational phenomenon in application of diodone in enhanced CT scanning.It is necessary to further standardize the clinical application of diodone and make complete measures for rational use of diodone.

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Effects of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Infections after Coronary Stent Implantation

Jingjing LI ; Xinying WU ; Jun XU ; Lifen DU ; Hongping SONG ; Guanrong CHEN ; Ye GU

Herald of Medicine.2015;(9):1227-1229,1230. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2015.09.030

Objective To analyze whether routine prophyrlactic antibiotic administration is necessary for the patients undergoing coronary stent implantation. Methods The clinical data of 156 patients from January 2010 to December 2010 (prophylactic antibiotic therapy),and 466 patients from January 2014 to December 2014(no-prophylactic antibiotic therapy), who underwent coronary stent implantation, were retrospectively analyzed. The prophylactic antibiotics and the infection rates in two groups were compared. Results The rate of infections related to coronary stent implantation in no-prophylactic antibiotic therapy group and prophylactic antibiotic therapy group, such as surgical site infection (0.2% vs 1.3%,P>0.05) and catheter-related infection(0.6% vs 1.9%,P>0.05), was not significant different(P>0.05). Similarly, the unrelated to coronary stent implantation was not significant different, too ( P > 0. 05). Conclusion Routine prophylactic antibiotic administration is unnecessary for the patients undergoing coronary stent implantation.

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Protective Effect of Momordica Saponins Compounds on the Kidney of Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Dexin ZHANG ; Luping CHENG ; Songrui CHEN

Herald of Medicine.2015;(11):1451-1453,1454. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2015.11.009

Objective To study the protective effects of momordica saponins compounds on the kidney of type 2 diabetic mice. Methods The mouse model of type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding high￣fat diet for a week,followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)at 150 mg.kg-1 .The mice were randomly divided into groups of normal control group(A), model control group ( B), rosiglitazone group ( C, 0. 4 mg . kg-1 ), the compounds at low￣dosage group ( D, 350 mg.kg-1 ) and high￣dosage group(E,700 mg.kg-1 ).The levels of fasting blood glucose,UCr,SCr,TGF￣β1 ,mALB,and HbAlc were determined respectively after being treated for 12 weeks. Results Compared with normal control group,the level of fasting blood glucose,SCr,TGF￣β1 ,mALB,and HbAlc in all other groups increased significantly (P<0.01);Compared with model control group,the level of fasting blood glucose,SCr,TGF￣β1 ,mALB and HbAlc in all treatment groups decreased significantly (P<0.01) ,the level of UCr increased markedly (P<0.01). Conclusion The Momordica saponins compounds can inhibit renal injury and exert kidney protective effect on type 2 diabetic mice.

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Efficacy and Safety of Combined Therapy with 89Sr in Skeletal-Related Events of Prostate Cancer:A Meta-analysis

Liangliang LI ; Xiaoqiang REN ; Ziran XU ; Shiyong XIN ; Jianguo ZHANG

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1404-1410. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.019

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy with 89Sr for treating skeletal-related events of prostate cancer. Methods Databases including PubMed,MEDLINE,EMBASE,the Cochrane library,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang were systematically searched since 89Sr was first reported in 1976 to September 2015 to include the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the combined therapy with 89Sr for skeletal-related events of prostate cancer.The statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager Version 5.2. Results A total of 18 RCTs involving 1 280 patients were analyzed.The results of meta-analysis indicated:there were statistically significant differences in the pain relief rate [OR=4.71,95%CI(3.34, 6.62),P<0.000 1],decrement rate of bone metastasis[OR=3.63,95%CI(2.60,5.09),P<0.000 1] and improvement rate of life quality [OR=2.16,95%CI(1.16,4.02),P<0.05].Progression-free survival of patients in experimental group was significantly longer than that in control group [HR=0.84,95%CI(0.73,0.97),P=0.02].No significant difference was found in overall survival [HR=0.82,95%CI(0.65,1.02),P=0.07].There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events [OR=1.46,95%CI(0.98,2.17),P>0.05]. Conclusion Combined therapy with 89Sr has better efficacy and comparable safety profile compared with standard therapy.However,the quality and sample size of the included studies are limited,so more high-quality and large-sample RCTs are needed to verify the validity.

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Determination of Erlotinib Hydrochloride by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Chengxin LI ; Xueping WANG ; Feng CUI ; Haijun HAO

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1398-1401. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.017

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate method for quantitative determination of erlotinib hydrochloride by proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR). Methods Maleic acid was used as an internal standard,and DMSO-d6 was employed as solvent.The pulse width was 9.54 μs,the delay time was 20 s,the scanning frequency was 64 and the testing temperature was set as 300℃.Under this condition,the 1H-NMR data of the mixture of erlotinib hydrochloride and maleic acid were obtained.The content of erlotinib hydrochloride was calculated by comparing the response signal area of sample (As) and internal standard (Ar). Results Proton signal peaked at δ 8.84 and δ 8.47 for erlotinib hydrochloride and at δ6.26 for maleic acid served as quantitation peaks.The content of erlotinib hydrochloride was obtained by calculating the average of the test results of the two quantitative peaks.The concentration of erlotinib hydrochloride (2.88~19.08 mg·mL-1) and the peak area of quantification peaks showed a good linear correlation.The precision RSD was 0.36% (n=6),the repeatability RSD was 0.83%(n=6) and the sample recovery was 100.91% (n=6).The content of 3 batches of erlotinib hydrochloride was 92.26%,91.94%and 92.09%,the average was 92.10% and its RSD was 0.17%.The obtained results were generally consistent with those obtained from mass balance method. Conclusion This established method is simple to handle as compared to traditional methods,and the analysis results are accurate.1H-NMR provides a novel method for the determination of erlotinib hydrochloride and can be used for the quality control of erlotinib hydrochloride.

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Effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid Ointment on Th1/Th2 Immunologic Mechanism in Mice with Chronic Eczema

Shuya SHE ; Jinqi LI ; Lu CHEN

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1370-1373. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.009

Objective To observe the immunological mechanism of glycyrrhizic acid ointment on chronic eczema mouse model. Methods Mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,base material group, dexamethasone acetate cream group,glycyrrhizic acid ointment high,medium and low dose groups.Except for the blank control group,chronic eczema mouse model was established by chronic repeated 2,4-nitrochlorobenzene stimulation.The contents of IL-4, IL-18,IFN-γ in serum and the T lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood were all determined after 14 days. Results Glycyrrhizic acid ointment in high,medium groups could significantly reduce the contents of interleukin (IL)-2,IL-5,IL-6,IL-18,interferon(IFN)-γ in serum,with significant differences as compared with the model control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The content of IL-4 in serum was significantly increased in the glycyrrhizic acid ointment high,medium groups as compared with the model control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Compared with model control group,CD+4T lymphocyte percentage and CD+4/CD+8T in peripheral blood were significantly increased,and CD+8T lymphocyte percentage decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Glycyrrhizic acid ointment's effect of treating chronic eczema may be related to regulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 and correcting the immune disorders.

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Effects of Capparis Spinosa Total Alkaloid on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endothelin-1 and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Mice with Systemic Sclerosis

Chenghui HE ; Honglin TIAN ; Xiaolong KANG ; Jing LIU ; Jun LU

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1367-1370. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.008

Objective To observe the effects of Capparis spinosa total alkaloid on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),endothelin-1(ET-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels in systemic sclerosis (SSc) mouse model and explore the therapeutic mechanism of Capparis spinosa total alkaloid for the treatment of SSc. Methods A total of 90 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,penicillamine (125 mg·kg-1) group and Capparis spinosa total alkaloid low(225 mg·kg-1),medium(450 mg·kg-1) and high(900 mg·kg-1) dose group. Except for the blank control group,SSc mouse model was established by daily subcutaneous injection of bleomycin in the back of the mice.After establishing model successfully,Capparis spinosa total alkaloid emulsifiable paste was externally applied with Capparis spinosa total alkaloid group,ground substance was externally applied to the mice in blank control group and model control groups,penicillamine was intragastrically administrated in the penicillamine group for 60 days,once daily.After the treatment,the content of VEGF in skin tissue and ET-1,sVCAM-1 in serum were measured by ELISA. Results The levels of VEGF and ET-1 were significantly decreased in Capparis spinosa total alkaloid high dose group as compared with model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01),but the content of sVCAM-1 wasn't influenced(P>0.05). Conclusion Capparis spinosa total alkaloid is effective in adjusting abnormal expression of VEGF and ET-1 in SSc mice.

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Inhibitory Effect of Asiaticoside on Bleomycin-induced Skin Cicatrization in Mice

Shali WANG ; Lin YANG ; Yong LIU ; Chaoran YAO ; Shuang SONG ; Yang LIU ; Xiaohuan YUAN ; Yan WU

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1363-1366. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.007

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of asiaticoside on bleomycin-induced skin cicatrization. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups:negative control group,model control group,and asiaticoside group,ten in each group.In model control group and asiaticoside group,1 mg·mL-1bleomycin was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal skin of mice every day;4 h later,1 mL 0.9% sodium chloride solution 1 mL asiaticoside(20 mg·mL-1) was injected into the lesion skin in the model control group and the asiaticoside group,respectively.In the negative control group, the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal skin of the mice at the two time points every day.After 21 days,skin specimens were harvested to observe the histomorphology and detect myofibroblast proliferation and expression of inflammatory factors. Results The skin scar was significantly attenuated in the asiaticoside group as compared with the model control group,and the dermal thickness measured exhibited a gradual decrease in asiaticoside group.The expression of α-antismooth muscle antisbidy and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower in the asiaticoside group than in the model control group. Conclusion Asiaticoside inhibits the development of skin scar of mice by regulating proliferation and differentiation of myofibroblasts and down-regulating inflammatory cells.

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Research on Preponderant Pharmaceutical Polymorphs of Levonorgestrel

Junzi CAO ; Dezhi YANG ; Li ZHANG ; Guanhua DU ; Yang LYU

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1339-1343. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.001

Objective To evaluate the polymorphism of levonorgestrel by kinds of analysis technologies, and get the preponderant pharmaceutical polymorph by in vitro assessment including the stability and solubility. Methods Three polymorphs were obtained by quick solvent removal and precipitation methods. These polymorphs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy and microscope. Furthermore,the stability was studied by X-ray powder diffraction analysis technology and using the curve of solubility to evaluate the dissolution rate of the three crystal forms. Results The levonorgestrel polymorphs α,β and γ were identified. The results of stability indicated that the levonorgestrel polymorphs α and β were metastable while the levonorgestrel polymorph γ was stable,and the dissolution rate of α, β, γ decrease in turn. Conclusion The levonorgestrel polymorph α is preponderant pharmaceutical polymorph. And the research on preponderant pharmaceutical polymorph of levonorgestrel provides scientific basic data for its clinical drug evaluation and establishing the quality standards.

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Analysis of Trends on Spatial Agglomeration of Pharmaceutical Industry of China from 2011 to 2015

Xin CHEN ; Ya ZHANG ; Shiwei GONG

Herald of Medicine.2017;36(12):1442-1447. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1004-0781.2017.12.029

Improving the spatial agglomeration level of regional pharmaceutical industry is an important measure to promote the competitive ability of national industry.We used three evaluation indicators,Spatial Gini Coefficient,Location Concentration Ratio and Agglomeration Index,was to calculate the degree and speed of regional agglomeration of pharmaceutical industry from 2011 to Oct 2015.At present,China's pharmaceutical industry has formed spatial concentration,particularly concentrates in Shandong,Jiangsu and Guangdong.And the chemical pharmaceutical industry mainly concentrates in Shandong, Jiangsu,Guangdong and Beijing;Chinese traditional medicine industry concentrates in Shandong,Sichuan,Jilin and Jiangxi;biopharmaceutical industry concentrates in Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan.From the point of view of development speed,the agglomeration speeds of bio-pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry are accelerating compared with the shrink of chemical pharmaceutical industry.Three provinces of the greatest growing speed of agglomeration for chemical,traditional medicine and bio-pharmaceutical industry are Jilin,Tibet and Jiangxi, respectively.Agglomeration growth of biopharmaceutical industry in western region is prominent.This paper suggests that the national government should play a leading role in the development of regional cluster for pharmaceutical industry.Some effective measures should be taken which include formulating the supporting policies of enterprise cluster,establishing the incentive system of drug innovation and optimizing the industrial portfolio in order to promote the formation of regional sustainable competitive advantage through agglomeration effect.

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