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Male Infertility Associated with a Supernumerary Marker Chromosome.

Seung Hun SONG ; Sang Hee PARK ; Eunah SHIN ; Jae Hung JUNG ; Sung Han SHIM ; Dong Suk KIM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):205-208. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17015

A marker chromosome (mar) is a structurally abnormal chromosome in which no part can be identified. The significance of a marker varies, depending on the material contained within the marker. Very few reports have been published of marker chromosomes associated with male infertility. Here, we report the case of an infertile man with a rare variant of a marker chromosome of a mos 47,XY,+mar[25]/46,XY[25] karyotype.
Azoospermia ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Humans ; Infertility, Male* ; Karyotype ; Male ; Male*

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Penile Erection Induced by Scoparone from Artemisia capillaris through the Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling Pathway.

Bo Ram CHOI ; Hye Kyung KIM ; Jong Kwan PARK

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):196-204. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17023

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relaxant effect of scoparone from Artemisia capillaris on rabbit penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCCSM) and to elucidate the mechanism of action of scoparone for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCCSM that had been precontracted with phenylephrine was treated with 3 Artemisia herbs (A. princeps, A. capillaris, and A. iwayomogi) and 3 fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL). Four components (esculetin, scopoletin, capillarisin, and scoparone) isolated from A. capillaris were also evaluated. The PCCSM was preincubated with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Cyclic nucleotides in the perfusate were measured by a radioimmunoassay. The interactions of scoparone with udenafil and rolipram were also evaluated. RESULTS: A. capillaris extract relaxed PCCSM in a concentration-dependent manner. Scoparone had the highest relaxant effect on PCCSM among the 4 components (esculetin, scopoletin, capillarisin, and scoparone) isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. The application of scoparone on PCCSM pretreated with L-NAME and ODQ led to significantly less relaxation. Scoparone also increased the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the perfusate in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, scoparone enhanced udenafil- and rolipram-induced relaxation of the PCCSM. CONCLUSIONS: Scoparone relaxed the PCCSM mainly by activating the nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway, and it may be a new promising treatment for ED patients who do not completely respond to udenafil.
Artemisia* ; Coumarins ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Guanosine Monophosphate* ; Guanosine* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nucleotides, Cyclic ; Penile Erection* ; Phenylephrine ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Radioimmunoassay ; Relaxation ; Rolipram ; Scopoletin

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Effects of Next-Generation Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Erectile Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Diabetes.

Hyun Cheol JEONG ; Seung Hwan JEON ; Zhu Guan QUN ; Kang Sup KIM ; Sae Woong CHOI ; Fahad BASHRAHEEL ; Woong Jin BAE ; Su Jin KIM ; Hyuk Jin CHO ; U Syn HA ; Sung Hoo HONG ; Ji Youl LEE ; Du Geon MOON ; Sae Woong KIM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):186-195. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17024

PURPOSE: Gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) have been investigated as treatments for refractory erectile dysfunction (ED), but inconclusive evidence has been obtained. We investigated the effect of a next-generation electromagnetic cylinder ESWT device on an animal model of ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1, control; group 2, DM; and group 3, DM+ESWT. Rats were treated with ESWT 3 times a week for 2 weeks. After the treatment course, intracavernous pressure was measured and the corpus cavernosum and cavernous nerve were evaluated. RESULTS: In the DM group, all parameters predicted to be significantly lower in the ED model had statistically significantly decreased (p < 0.01). As a measurement of erectile function, intracavernous pressure was evaluated. The DM+ESWT group exhibited significantly restored erectile function compared to the DM group (p < 0.05). Moreover, ESWT treatment restored smooth muscle content, as assessed by Masson's trichrome staining (p < 0.05). Finally, corporal tissue and the dorsal nerve were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA. After ESWT treatment, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression levels were restored to levels in the DM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Electromagnetic cylinder ESWT device resulted in increased VEGF, nNOS, and eNOS expression; reduced smooth muscle atrophy; and increased endothelial cell regeneration in a DM-associated ED model. Our data suggest that safe and effective application could be possible in future clinical studies.
Animals* ; Antigens, CD31 ; Atrophy ; Blotting, Western ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endothelial Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Genetic Therapy ; Guanosine Monophosphate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnets ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

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The Correlation between Body Mass Index and Routine Parameters in Men Over Fifty.

Deok Ha SEO ; Sol YOON ; Jae Hwi CHOI ; Jungmo DO ; Sin Woo LEE ; Chunwoo LEE ; Seong Uk JEH ; See Min CHOI ; Sung Chul KAM ; Jeong Seok HWA ; Ky Hyun CHUNG ; Sung Won KWON ; Sae Chul KIM ; Dong Soo PARK ; Jae Mann SONG ; Kyung Seop LEE ; Jae Seog HYUN

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):178-185. doi:10.5534/wjmh.16032

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and prostate volume (PV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Height, weight, PSA levels, PV, and IPSS were analyzed in 15,435 patients who underwent a prostate examination between 2001 and 2014. Patients aged <50 years or with a PSA level ≥10 ng/mL were excluded. The relationships between BMI and PSA, IPSS, QoL, and PV were analyzed by a scatter plot, one-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean age was 71.95±7.63 years, the mean BMI was 23.59±3.08 kg/m2, the mean PSA level was 1.45±1.45 ng/mL, the mean IPSS was 15.53±8.31, the mean QoL score was 3.48±1.25, and the mean PV was 29.72±14.02 mL. PSA, IPSS, and QoL showed a tendency to decrease with increasing BMI, and there were statistically significant differences for each parameter (p≤0.001). PV showed a significant tendency to increase with BMI (p < 0.001). In the correlation analysis, BMI showed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) with PSA, IPSS, and QoL, although the correlations were very weak. In contrast, BMI showed a significant correlation with PV (p < 0.001), with a meaningful Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.124. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI was associated with lower PSA levels and higher IPSS and QoL scores. Meanwhile, PV increased with BMI. Although obese individuals had a greater PV, obesity did not aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms.
Body Mass Index* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Obesity ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life

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Restoration of Spermatogenesis Using a New Combined Herbal Formula of Epimedium koreanum Nakai and Angelica gigas Nakai in an Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist-Induced Rat Model of Male Infertility.

Hyun Jun PARK ; Yean Kyoung KOO ; Min Jung PARK ; Yoon Kyung HWANG ; Sung Yeoun HWANG ; Nam Cheol PARK

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):170-177. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17031

PURPOSE: We investigated the protective effect of a mixture of 2 herbal extracts, KH-465, which consisted of Epimedium koreanum Nakai and Angelica gigas Nakai, on spermatogenesis in a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist-induced rat model of male infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, containing 15 rats each: a normal control group that received no treatment and 4 experimental groups (I, II, III, and IV) in which an LHRH agonist was administered for 4 weeks to induce spermatogenic failure. Group I received distilled water, and groups II, III, and IV received 200 mg/kg/day of KH-465, 400 mg/kg/day KH-465, and depo-testosterone for 4 weeks, respectively. Weight changes of the testis and epididymis, sperm count motility, and levels of testosterone (T), free T, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were estimated. RESULTS: Body, testis, and epididymis weight showed no significant differences among the control and experimental groups. Treatment with KH-465 increased the sperm count and motility. Serum hormone levels of T, free T, and FSH were not significantly different in the experimental groups, while the LH level was higher than in the LHRH agonist-induced control group, but not to a significant extent. Levels of SOD were higher and 8-OHdG were lower in the groups that received KH-465 than in the LHRH agonist-induced control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that KH-465 increased sperm production via reducing oxidative stress and had a positive effect in a male infertility model.
Angelica* ; Animals ; Epididymis ; Epimedium* ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Infertility, Male* ; Lutein* ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Male ; Male* ; Models, Animal* ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Count ; Spermatogenesis* ; Spermatozoa ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Water

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Efficacy of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate in Patients with a Small Prostate (≤30 mL).

Sejun PARK ; Taekmin KWON ; Sungchan PARK ; Kyung Hyun MOON

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):163-169. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17011

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with a small prostate (≤30 mL) in whom medical treatment was ineffective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 132 patients who underwent HoLEP by a single surgeon between 2012 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received benign prostatic hyperplasia medication for at least 6 months before surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to prostate size: group 1, ≤30 mL (n=30); and group 2, >30 mL (n=102). Clinical characteristics and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), including quality of life (QoL), peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine (PVR), before surgery and 3 months postoperatively, were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: In group 1, the IPSS, QoL, and PVR significantly decreased and the Qmax significantly increased 3 months after surgery. The voiding subscore also significantly decreased 3 months after surgery (p < 0.001), but the storage subscore was not significantly different (p=0.055). In group 2, hemoglobin, the IPSS, QoL, and PVR significantly decreased and the Qmax significantly increased 3 months after surgery. In these patients, both the storage subscore and voiding subscore significantly decreased after surgery (both p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in hemoglobin, IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR either before or 3 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: When other medical treatments are ineffective, HoLEP is an effective intervention for patients with a small prostate.
Holmium* ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

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Changes in Erectile Function after Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate with a 120-W GreenLight High-Performance System Laser: 2-Year Follow-Up.

Juhyun PARK ; Sung Yong CHO ; Min Chul CHO ; Hyeon JEONG ; Hwancheol SON

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):156-162. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17027

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with a 120-W GreenLight high-performance system on erectile function in a 2-year follow-up study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-seven patients who underwent PVP during 2008 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to their preoperative 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores: Group I (IIEF-5: 5~7, n=28), II (IIEF-5: 8~11, n=47), III (IIEF-5: 12~16, n=43), IV (IIEF-5: 17~21, n=34), and V (IIEF-5: 22~25, n=25). The patients were assessed before surgery and 6, 12, and 24 months after the PVP. Their International Prostate Symptom Score/quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate/post-void residual urine volume, and IIEF-5 scores were measured at each visit. RESULTS: The mean age and presence of hypertension were significantly different among the 5 groups. Perioperative parameters and postoperative complication rates showed no statistical differences. After PVP, voiding parameters were significantly improved in all the groups and sustained during the 2-year follow-up. The postoperative IIEF-5 scores fell slightly overall, while group V showed the largest significant deterioration. In multivariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) was the only independent predictor of decreased erectile function after PVP. CONCLUSIONS: Erectile function declined in all the groups after PVP, with the most extensive deterioration observed in patients with normal erectile function preoperatively. Preoperative BMI was the only independent risk factor for a meaningful decrease in erectile function after PVP.
Body Mass Index ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Volatilization*

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What Can We Do for Chronic Scrotal Content Pain?.

Wei Phin TAN ; Laurence A LEVINE

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):146-155. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17047

Chronic scrotal content pain remains one of the more challenging urological problems to manage. This is a frustrating disorder to diagnose and effectively treat for both the patient and clinician, as no universally accepted treatment guidelines exist. Many patients with this condition end up seeing physicians across many disciplines, further frustrating them. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood, and the treatment ultimately depends on the etiology of the problem. This article reviews the current understanding of chronic scrotal content pain, focusing on the diagnostic work-up and treatment options.
Chronic Pain ; Epididymis ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Pain ; Vasovasostomy

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Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum in the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease: Review of a Minimally Invasive Treatment Option.

Andrew T GABRIELSON ; Laith M ALZWERI ; Wayne JG HELLSTROM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):134-145. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17033

Peyronie's disease (PD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by an abnormal collagen deposition in the tunica albuginea of the penis, leading to fibrous and non-compliant plaques that can impede normal erection. Although pharmacological treatments are available, only intralesional injection therapy and surgical reconstruction have demonstrated tangible clinical efficacy in the management of this condition. Intralesional injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) has come to the forefront of minimally invasive treatment of PD. In this review, the authors provide an update on the safety, efficacy, and indications for CCH. The efficacy of CCH will be assessed on the basis of improvement in the severity of penile fibrosis, curvature, and pain. Numerous well-designed clinical trials and post-approval studies involving more than 1,500 patients have consistently demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of CCH in the treatment of PD. CCH significantly decreases penile curvature and plaque consistency, as well as improves quality of life. Post-approval studies continue to demonstrate the efficacy of CCH despite broader inclusion criteria for treatment, such as the case with acute phase disease and atypical plaque deformities (i.e., ventral plaques, hourglass narrowing). CCH continues to be the gold standard for non-surgical management of stable phase PD, in the absence of strong evidence supporting oral therapy agents and ongoing evaluation of extracorporeal shockwave therapy. However, recent studies are beginning to provide precedent for the use of CCH in the management of acute phase and atypical PD.
Collagen ; Collagenases* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Microbial Collagenase* ; Penile Induration* ; Penis ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; Urologic Diseases

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The World Journal of Men's Health Has Been Accepted for Coverage in Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded.

Dae Yul YANG

The World Journal of Men's Health.2017;35(3):133-133. doi:10.5534/wjmh.17301

No abstract available.
Men's Health*

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