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A Case of Duplicated Vas Deferens Found Incidentally during Varicocelectomy.

Jun Nyung LEE ; Bum Soo KIM ; Hyun Tae KIM ; Sung Kwang CHUNG

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):268-271. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.268

Duplication of the vas deferens is a very rare congenital anomaly in which two vasa deferentia coexist within the spermatic cord. Duplication of the vas deferens can be found during herniorrhaphy, vasectomy, and varicocelectomy performed on the spermatic cord or around the spermatic cord. However, it is estimated that the incidence of duplication of the vas deferens is under-reported and under-recognized. Unless anomalies of the vas deferens such as duplication of the vas deferens are recognized by surgeons, it will be difficult to reduce vas deferens injuries and achieve a satisfactory surgical outcome. In addition, care should be taken in cases of duplication of the vas deferens because it can be complicated by non-testicular genitourinary anomalies. We report a case of duplication of the vas deferens discovered during routine varicocelectomy.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Herniorrhaphy ; Incidence ; Spermatic Cord ; Varicocele ; Vas Deferens* ; Vasectomy

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An Unusual Presentation of Crossed Testicular Ectopia as an Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia.

Yoonjoon PARK ; Gilho LEE

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):265-267. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.265

Crossed testicular ectopia (CTE) is generally defined as both testes located in the same hemiscrotum and contralateral hydrocele with the absence of a testis. However, the initial presentation of CTE in an infant as an incarcerated inguinal hernia is extremely rare. We report on a 10-month-old infant with CTE, who visited the emergency room presenting with a left incarcerated inguinal hernia. After manual reduction for an incarcerated hernia and left inguinal herniorraphy, the left testis was fixed into the left hemiscrotum and right transseptal orchiopexy was performed.
Emergencies ; Hernia ; Hernia, Inguinal* ; Humans ; Infant ; Orchiopexy ; Testis

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A Case of Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Paratesticular Region.

Jyotsna Naresh BHARTI ; Biswajit DEY ; Ashna MITTAL ; Prerna ARORA

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):262-264. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.262

A 78-year-old male patient presented with an inguinoscrotal nodule that had lasted for 3 years. The patient reported a past medical history of hydrocele formation. The final diagnosis was fibrous pseudotumor of the paratesticular region, which was based on a histopathological examination and immunohistochemical findings. The aim of this case report is to spread awareness and recognition of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities that occur in the paratesticular region.
Aged ; Cell Proliferation ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue

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Preliminary Report on the Safety of a New Herbal Formula and Its Effect on Sperm Quality.

Su Jin KIM ; Mee Ran KIM ; Sung Yeoun HWANG ; Woong Jin BAE ; Seol KIM ; Sung Hoo HONG ; Ji Youl LEE ; Tae Kon HWANG ; Zhiping WANG ; Sae Woong KIM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):254-261. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.254

PURPOSE: Male infertility is a serious problem, and its prevalence has been increasing. Therefore, we investigated the safety of a new herbal formula and its effects on sperm quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro cytotoxicity test in TM3 Leydig cells was performed to evaluate cell viability after administration of five types of herbs separately and of a new herbal formula containing these five. An in vivo test in male mice was performed to evaluate the influence of the new herbal formula on the reproductive organs and sperm quality. After the 8- and 28-day oral administration of the new herbal formula, the weights of the reproductive organs were measured and the sperm count and motility were evaluated. RESULTS: In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, less than 80% cell viability at concentrations of 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L of Rubus coreanus Miquel and Cuscuta chinensis Lam was observed. However, more than 80% cell viability was observed at all the tested concentrations of the new herbal formula. After the 8- and 28-day oral administration, there were no considerable changes in body weight. The weights of the testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicles after the 8- and 28-day oral administration were similar to those of the control. The sperm count and activity were significantly improved compared with those of the control group at 8 and 28 days after 100, 200, and 400 mg of oral administration. CONCLUSIONS: The safety of the new formula and its positive effect on the sperm quality were observed after the oral administration of the formula.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Survival ; Cuscuta ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Prevalence ; Seminal Vesicles ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa* ; Testis ; Weights and Measures

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Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines According to the Extent of Malignancy and Doxazosin Treatment.

Seung Wook LEE ; Jeong Woo LEE ; Jae Hoon CHUNG ; Jung Ki JO

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):247-253. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.247

PURPOSE: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is known as the material that plays a role in apoptosis control in tumor and cell protection including the immune response, drug tolerance, and so on. In this study, HSP27 expression according to the prostate cancer malignancy level was evaluated, and HSP27 expression was also analyzed after inducing apoptosis by doxazosin treatment of the prostate cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining of the HSP27 was implemented by the culture of RWPE-1, LNCaP, androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and TSU-Pr1 cell lines. Analysis was separately conducted in the control group, control vector group treated by dimethyl sulfoxide, and groups treated with 10 microM or 25 microM doxazosin. The expression of HSP27 in RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining was observed and evaluated after conversion to numerical values. RESULTS: In the RT-PCR results, depending on the cell type, LNCaP, TSU-Pr1 showed the highest HSP27 expression followed by PC-3, LNCaP and RWPE-1 in sequence. After doxazosin treatment, the expression detected by RT-PCR was stronger at a 25-microM doxazosin concentration compared to that at a 10-microM concentration, and the result was similar by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: HSP27 expression increased depending on the prostate cancer cell line. This meant that HSP27 expression was related to the prostate cancer malignancy level. Additionally, the higher the treatment concentration in PC-3 was, the higher the HSP27 expression was. This result showed that doxazosin induced apoptosis of prostate cancer.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line* ; Control Groups ; Cytoprotection ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Doxazosin* ; Drug Tolerance ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Reverse Transcription

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The Effect of Anthocyanin on the Prostate in an Andropause Animal Model: Rapid Prostatic Cell Death by Apoptosis Is Partially Prevented by Anthocyanin Supplementation.

Hoon JANG ; Woong Jin BAE ; Su Jin KIM ; Seoung Mo YUK ; Dong Seok HAN ; U Syn HA ; Sung Yeoun HWANG ; Shin Hee YOON ; Zhiping WANG ; Sae Woong KIM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):239-246. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.239

PURPOSE: To evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect of the antioxidant reaction of anthocyanin on the prostate in an andropause animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n=12 in each): control (Group I), andropause (Group II), andropause treated with anthocyanin (Group III). For induction of andropause, Group II and III underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Group III was treated with daily oral anthocyanin (160 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their blood and prostates were examined pathohistologically and evaluated for oxidative stress and apoptosis. Oxidative stress was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and apoptosis in the prostate was identified by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling assay. RESULTS: Group II showed markedly increased activity of SOD in serum over that observed in Group I, whereas the rats in Group III showed reduced oxidative stress compared to Group II. Despite no significant differences in prostate weight between Group II and III (p=0.078), the apoptotic index was significantly greater in Group II than Group I, and was significantly lesser in Group III than Group II. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the oxidative stress caused by low testosterone may be another inducer of apoptosis, and this apoptosis may partly contribute to the overall apoptosis of the prostate in the andropause animal model. Therefore, anthocyanin supplementation may contribute to preventing excessively rapid cell death by apoptosis in the prostate in an animal model of andropause.
Andropause* ; Animals* ; Anthocyanins* ; Antioxidants ; Apoptosis* ; Cell Death* ; Male ; Models, Animal* ; Orchiectomy ; Oxidative Stress ; Prostate* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Testosterone

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The Association between Type of Work and Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007~2009).

Choon Sig KWON ; Jun Ho LEE

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):232-238. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.232

PURPOSE: Type of work might be related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, scant data are available. We performed this study to investigate whether the prevalence of MetS and insulin resistance differed according to occupation in middle-aged men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 2,348 men in their 40s~50s who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV were included and were classified into two groups according to the type of work (manual worker vs. non-manual worker). Diagnosis of MetS required satisfying three or more of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Fasting insulin, the glucose/insulin ratio (G/I ratio), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used to estimate the insulin resistance. We used the Mann-Whitney test, chi2 tests, multiple linear regression test, and logistic regression analyses to examine the relationships. RESULTS: Age was significantly higher in the manual worker group. Body mass index was significantly lower in the manual worker group. Rates of current smoking and frequent drinking were higher in the manual worker group. In terms of surrogate markers of insulin resistance, the age-adjusted mean of fasting insulin, G/I ratio, and HOMA-IR indicated that lower insulin resistance was significantly related to manual work. After adjusting for age and other confounding factors, non-manual workers had a higher risk of the MetS than manual workers. The odds ratio in relation to MetS was significantly lower in the manual workers. CONCLUSIONS: MetS and impaired insulin resistance are significantly related to non-manual work in middle-aged Korean men.
Biomarkers ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Education ; Fasting ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking

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Urologist's Practice Patterns Including Surgical Treatment in the Management of Premature Ejaculation: A Korean Nationwide Survey.

Dae Yul YANG ; Kyungtae KO ; Won Ki LEE ; Hyun Jun PARK ; Sung Won LEE ; Ki Hak MOON ; Sae Woong KIM ; Soo Woong KIM ; Kang Su CHO ; Du Geon MOON ; Kweonsik MIN ; Sang Kuk YANG ; Hwancheol SON ; Kwangsung PARK

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):226-231. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.226

PURPOSE: According to previous studies, the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) in Korea ranges from 11.3% to 33%. However, the actual practice patterns in managing patients with PE is not well known. In this study, we have endeavored to determine how contemporary urologists in Korea manage patients with PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The e-mailing list was obtained from the Korean Urological Association Registry of Physicians. A specifically designed questionnaire was e-mailed to the 2,421 urologists in Korea from May 2012 to August 2012. RESULTS: Urologists in Korea diagnosed PE using various criteria: the definition of the International Society for Sexual Medicine (63.4%), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (43.8%), International Statistical Classification of Disease, 10th edition (61.7%), or perceptional self-diagnosis by the patient himself (23.5%). A brief self-administered questionnaire, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, was used by only 42.5% of the urologists. Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy was the main treatment modality (91.5%) for PE patients. 40.2% of the urologists used phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 47.6% behavior therapy, and 53.7% local anesthetics. Further, 286 (54.3%) urologists managed PE patients with a surgical modality such as selective dorsal neurotomy (SDN). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of Korean urologists diagnose PE by a multidimensional approach using various diagnostic tools. Most urologists believe that medical treatment with an SSRI is effective in the management of PE. At the same time, surgical treatment such as SDN also investigated as one of major treatment modality despite the lack of scientific evidence.
Anesthetics, Local ; Behavior Therapy ; Classification ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea ; Operative Time ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; Physician's Practice Patterns ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urologic Surgical Procedures

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Dichotomous Estimation of Prostate Volume: A Diagnostic Study of the Accuracy of the Digital Rectal Examination.

Michael Z SU ; Daniel LENAGHAN ; Henry H WOO

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):220-225. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.220

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic reliability of a dichotomous digital rectal examination (DRE) tool in assessing prostate volume (PV) compared to gold-standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) volume measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male patients presenting to a single tertiary referral centre urology practice requiring TRUS were prospectively recruited between January 2010 and August 2011. Size was estimated by DRE immediately prior to TRUS measurement. DRE measurements were classed into four groups: <30 mL , 30 to 49 mL, 50 to 99 mL and >100 mL. The primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative likelihood ratios for a 30 mL cut-off. RESULTS: Three hundred and three patients were recruited to the study. The median age of the study group was 64.9 years. On TRUS analysis, 244 patients had a PV larger than 30 mL and 139 of them, larger than 50 mL. The median PV was 47 mL with a median International Prostate Symptom Score of 10 and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) of 5.7. When analysed for the ability to identify a gland larger than 30 mL, DRE had a high sensitivity and low negative likelihood ratio. The median PSA level (ng/L) for prostates measured by DRE with a 30 mL cut-off was significantly different with higher median PSA values for volumes larger than 30 mL. CONCLUSIONS: DRE is a reliable tool for dichotomous assessment of prostatic volumes above 30 mL and 50 mL. These results illustrate the value of re-examining the role of categorical DRE estimations in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Digital Rectal Examination* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Referral and Consultation ; Ultrasonography ; Urology

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Can the Mean Platelet Volume Be a Risk Factor for Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction?.

Halil CIFTCI ; Ercan YENI ; Mehmet DEMIR ; Ismail YAGMUR ; Kemal GUMUS ; Hakim CELIK ; Murat SAVAS ; Mehmet GULUM

The World Journal of Men's Health.2013;31(3):215-219. doi:10.5534/wjmh.2013.31.3.215

PURPOSE: The mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of the platelet activity and is reported to increase in vascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between MPV and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MPV and platelet (PLT) levels were measured in 50 cases of ED and 40 healthy controls. The diagnosis of vasculogenic ED was based on a detailed sexual history, physical examination, laboratory assessment, and color Doppler ultrasonography. The results are given as mean+/-standard deviation of the mean. RESULTS: The mean ages of the patient and the control groups were 53.70+/-12.39 years (range 24~77 years) and 53.85+/-9.5 years (range 30~73 years), respectively (p=0.947). The MPV and PLT values were significantly higher in the patients with ED than those of the controls (7.49+/-1.4), (6.85+/-1.2), (262.97+/-68), (252.89+/-82) respectively, p<0.001). However, the MPV values were not statistically significantly different in the patients with severe ED according to the International Index of Erectile Function than in those with mild ED, p>0.05), and there was no correlation between MPV and either age of patients (p=0.905) or duration of ED (p=0.583). CONCLUSIONS: The platelet count and MPV was detected to be increased in patients with vasculogenic ED. This finding suggests a role for platelets in the pathogenesis of vascular complications and that the MPV would be useful in monitoring disease progression.
Blood Platelets ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Female ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; Male ; Mean Platelet Volume* ; Physical Examination ; Platelet Count ; Risk Factors* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vascular Diseases

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