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Factors Affecting Social Adjustment of Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Su Mi OH ; Hye Jung LEE ; Gwang Suk KIM ; Kyung Duk PARK

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):238-245.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to assess social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors and to identify factors affecting social adjustment. METHODS: Data were collected from 79 childhood cancer survivors and his/her parents. The survey consisted of questions related to characteristics, physical functioning, depression, self-esteem and coping strategies. The Social Competence Inventory was used to measure social adjustment in the children. RESULTS: The level of social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors was 83.5 out of a possible 155. Physical functioning, depression, self-esteem, and aggressive or proactive coping strategies were associated with social adjustment. Only physical functioning independently affected social adjustment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there are several factors influencing social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors, and therefore there is a need for programs that deal with all aspects of children's physical as well as emotional health in order to enhance their social adjustment.
Depression ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Parents ; Social Adjustment ; Survivors

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Testing the Biobehavioral Family Model in Understanding the Eating Problems of Adolescent Girls.

Ji Young PARK ; Su Yon BAEK ; Hee Soon KIM ; Jung Ha LIM ; Tae Hyung KIM

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):228-237.

PURPOSE: This study was done to test a hypothesized model, the Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM), on the relationship of family emotional climate, security of parent-child relationship, depression symptoms and eating problems in adolescent girls, to further understanding of eating problems in this population. METHODS: With a convenience sample of 647 girls, aged 15 to 18, a self-report survey was conducted which included the Korean form of the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) to assess eating problems. RESULTS: The estimated results of the structural equation modeling indicated a good fit of data to the hypothesized model proposing that family emotional climate and security of parent-child relationship were associated with the risk of eating problems by way of depression symptoms. That is, negative family emotional climate and insecure parent-child relationship increased the risk of eating problems indirectly by way of depression symptoms. CONCLUSION: The findings are consistent with the BBFM, which suggests a psychobiologic influence of specific family processes on children's stress-sensitive physical disease activity by way of depression symptoms. Therefore, the applicability of the BBFM for understanding adolescent girls' eating problems is supported. The psychobiologic pathways from depression to eating pathology should be addressed in future studies.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Climate ; Depression ; Eating ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Humans ; Parent-Child Relations

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Subjectivity of Parents in Refusal of Childhood Vaccination: A Q-methodology Approach.

Hye Gyeong CHA ; Eun Ho HA

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):216-227.

PURPOSE: Despite the well-known public health benefits of vaccination, increasing public concern about the safety of childhood vaccinations has led some parents to refuse or hesitate having their children immunized. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjectivity of parents toward refusal of childhood vaccination. METHODS: Q-methodology, in which subjective viewpoints are explored and analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques, was used. Thirty-five participants were asked to rank 42 statements on diverse issues of childhood vaccination according to a continuous 9-point scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. Collected data was analyzed using the PC-QUANAL program. RESULTS: The results revealed three discrete groups of parents in the refusal of children's immunization: type I, distrust; type II, concern about side effects, and type III, belief that vaccinations are unnecessary. CONCLUSION: Special nurse counselors who can provide correct information about vaccination based on the three types should be part of the government policy. Customized education programs to shift viewpoints should be also redeveloped according to the results in this study.
Child ; Counseling ; Disulfiram ; Humans ; Parents ; Public Health ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Vaccination

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Effects on Maternal Attachment, Parenting Stress, and Maternal Confidence of Systematic Information for Mothers of Premature Infants.

Hyo Sin CHOI ; Yeong Hee SHIN

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):207-215.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of systematic information on maternal attachment, parenting stress and maternal confidence of mothers of premature infants. METHODS: Using a non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design, 42 participants were assigned to one of two groups, an experimental group (n=20), which received systematic information; and a control (n=22), which received the usual discharge education. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected (pretest) and then the systematic information was provided four times for the experimental group. Maternal attachment, parenting stress and maternal confidence were measured. Data were collected three times: Seven to 10 days prior to discharge, day of discharge, and two weeks after discharge. RESULTS: Mothers in the experimental group had significantly higher scores in maternal attachment (F=6.16, p=.005), lower parenting stress scores (F=5.56, p=.004), and higher scores for maternal confidence (F=16.50, p<.001) than mothers in the control group. These tendencies were progressively enhanced even two weeks after discharge from the hospital. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that provision of systematic information to mothers with premature infants is an effective intervention to enhance mothers' maternal attachment, decrease parenting stress, and enhance maternal confidence.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents

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Effects of the 'Intervention - Mother's Song' on Physical Response and Behavioral State of Low-Birth Weight Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Ji Sun PARK ; Kyung Ja HONG ; Kyung Sook BANG

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):198-206.

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effectiveness of the 'intervention - mother's recorded song' on low-birth weight infants in an neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: This study was conducted with a nonequivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design and the participant group was low-birth weight infants who were admitted to the NICU. Forty-eight infants, 24 in each from two groups, the experimental and control group, participated in the study. RESULTS: For physical response according to vital signs, there were no significant statistical differences in heart rate, respiration rate and pulse oximetry saturation between the experimental group and the control group. For behavioral state, there was a significant statistical difference between the experimental and control group. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that the intervention using mother's song had some significance as a nursing intervention with positive impacts. Such an intervention can help pediatric nurses improve infants' stabilization of their vital signs and behavioral states. By showing the effectiveness of such an intervention, the results of this study provide further evidence-based information in developing the practice of pediatric nursing.
Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Clinical Trial ; Mothers ; Oximetry ; Pediatric Nursing ; Respiratory Rate ; Singing ; Vital Signs

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An Emotional Self-Regulation Program for Obese Children: Pilot Study Using Mixed Methods.

Hee Soon KIM ; Yu Mi MA ; Ji Young PARK ; Seung Hyun KIM

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):187-197.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop an emotional self-regulation program for obese children and to examine the program's effectiveness on depression, eating habits, and body mass index. METHODS: The emotional self-regulation program was developed from theory-based strategies and a pre-post pilot study was conducted with 46 children (19: intervention, 27: control). The program included 6 weekly group sessions over 2 months. The embedded experimental model of concurrent mixed methods was used to better understand research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data. Anthropometric measurements and surveys were performed before and after the intervention. Three focus group interviews were conducted with all participants after intervention to explore their experiences. RESULTS: The intervention group displayed decreased depression levels in the quantitative outcomes. The participants also expressed positive outcomes such as improvements in confidence, impulse management, intimacy, happiness, and losing weight. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that emotional self-regulation skills are crucial factors for obese children not only to manage their emotional problems but also to control their weight. Further research is needed with a larger sample size and randomized controlled trials.
Child ; Depression ; Eating ; Focus Groups ; Happiness ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Obesity ; Pilot Projects ; Sample Size ; Self-Control

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Predictors of Resilience in Adolescents with Cancer.

Young Ok PARK ; Gwi Ryung SON HONG ; Young Ran TAK

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):177-186.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors influencing on resilience in adolescents with cancer. METHODS: The participants consisted of 107 parents and 107 adolescents who aged ten and eighteen diagnosed with cancer more than six months and currently receiving outpatient treatment or further management after off-therapy. Data was collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. RESULTS: Resilience was significantly different by religion (t=2.472, p=.045) and number of cancer treatment regimens (F=3.155, p=.047). Family problem-solving communication was also significant by number of cancer treatment regimens (F=3.582, p=.031). The higher social support showed the stronger family hardiness and the better family problem-solving communication. In addition, a positive relationship was found between Family Hardiness Index (FHI) (r=.193, p=.046), Family Problem Solving Communication (FPSC) (r=.226, p=.019) and resilience of adolescents with cancer. FPSC (beta=.356, p=.045) and religion (beta=.441, p=.002) were predictive factors at ages 10-12, FHI (beta=.509, p=.029) and FPSC (beta=.503, p=.037) were predictive factors at ages 13-15 on resilience of adolescents with cancer that explained 16.0% and 24.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that nursing interventions should focus on enhancing family resilience and resilience of adolescents with cancer.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Problem Solving ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Effects of Case-based Small Group Learning on Daycare Center Teachers' Coping Ability in Emergency Situations: Focus on Daily Life and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Eun Ju CHOI

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):168-176.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of case-based learning on the coping ability of daycare center teachers in emergency situations. In the study knowledge of emergency treatment methods, attitude, intention and ability to perform CPR between were examined in an experimental group (daycare center teachers who participated in the small groups discussing case studies and comparing them with their own experience) and a control group. METHODS: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty-four teachers were recruited from 40 child daycare centers in S city located in J province. Thirty-three teachers were assigned to experimental group and participated in the case-based small group learning. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program to perform chi2-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and t-test. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly higher posttest scores in knowledge, attitude, intention, and performance ability than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that case-based small group learning on coping ability in emergency situation is effective in increasing knowledge, attitude, intention, and performance ability for daycare center teachers.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Emergencies ; Emergency Treatment ; Intention ; Learning

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Health Status of Vulnerable Preschool Children and Their Mothers' Health Management.

Young Sil KANG ; In Soo KWON

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):159-167.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find out preschool children's health status and their mothers' health management in the vulnerable classes. METHODS: The assessment tool was developed, taken into consideration existing studies, materials produced by the customized visiting health care system, and review of visiting nurses of health centers and related experts. Data were collected January to February 2010 from 259 mothers by visiting nurses, and analyzed using SAS program for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Body weight less than 3 percentile was found for 5.0% children and over 97 percentile for 7.7%. Atopy was found in 17.8% children, no hand-washing after toileting and before meal in 30.9% and 36.7% respectively, no breakfast in 15.8%, and irregular meal in 32.0%. Sex education was made by 45.7% mothers, regular dental check by 56.6%, and hearing and eyesight test by 61.1% and 66.8% respectively. Home environment for upbringing is 34.3 in the scale of 41, and accident prevention 17.5 in the scale of 22. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to make an intervention on children's weight, personal sanitation and meal time in the vulnerable classes. Mothers need to be educated for appropriate health care, and home environments to improve upbringing and accident prevention.
Accident Prevention ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Nursing ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Hearing ; Humans ; Meals ; Mothers ; Phenothiazines ; Sanitation ; Sex Education

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Review on the Theory of Nursing Client Advocacy and Its Applications in Child Healthcare.

Kap Chul CHO

Child Health Nursing Research.2013;19(3):149-158.

Since 1990, descriptive studies about the concept of client advocacy have been published in the health journals. However, empirical studies of the concept are still lacking. There are not enough bases to apply the concept of client advocacy in nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to encourage empirical research about client advocacy by clarification of the concept and to discusses application of the theory in child healthcare. The literature was reviewed that empirical studies on client advocacy conducted after the year 2000. The changing trends in the client advocacy concept was examined; it was changed from the philosophical concept to nursing action and changed from individual advocacy to collective advocacy, with the rise of the self advocacy concept. The research trends on client advocacy evolves from descriptive study to quasi-experimental study and instrument development study, with diversification and expansion of research methods, advocates, clients and settings. The advocacy role of the nurse in child healthcare is significant due to the child's lack of self determination ability. In ill child care, the application of individual advocacy is potent, while in healthy child care, collective advocacy, policy advocacy, and social advocacy is effective.
Child ; Child Care ; Delivery of Health Care ; Empirical Research ; Humans ; Patient Advocacy ; Personal Autonomy

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