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Influence of Hospitalization Recognition and Hospital-Related Fear on the Adjustment to Hospital Life by Hospitalized School-Aged Children.

Mi Jeong KANG ; In Soo KWON ; Eun JEONG

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):375-384. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.375

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the level of adjustment to hospital life, hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear by school-aged children, and investigate the influence of hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear on the hospital life of these children. METHODS: Participants were 112 three to six grade students who were hospitalized from 3 to 7 days at one of two children's hospital. Date were collected from September 2015 to March 2016. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for adjustment to hospital life was 3.43±0.40 of 5, for hospitalization recognition, 2.98±0.46 of 4 and for hospital-related fear, 1.37±0.28 of 3. Factors affecting adjustment to hospital life were hospital-related fear (β=-.28, p=.002) and hospitalization recognition (β=.27, p=.003). These factors explained 17% of the variance in adjustment to hospital life. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children is not sufficient enough for them to cope with illnesses and hospitalization. Therefore, to improve adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children, nursing interventions that focus on increasing hospitalization recognition and decreasing hospital-related fear need to be developed.
Child* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Nursing

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Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment from Children: Experiences of Nurses Caring for the Children.

So Yeon PARK ; Hyeon Ok JU ; Ga Eon LEE

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):364-374. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.364

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe feelings and actions of nurses following withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from children being cared for by the nurses. METHODS: Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 7 nurses from different hospitals where children receiving nursing care had life-sustaining treatment withdrawn. The interviews were conducted from August 2016 to February 2017 when all data were saturated. Interviews lasted 30~90 minutes and were conducted 2~3 times per participant. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research methodology. RESULTS: The following factors constituted experiences of nurses working in pediatric wards when life-sustaining treatment was withdrawn from children: “agony and conflict in the aspects of care”, “heavy mind and regret for exhausting care”, “intentionally avoiding parents' sadness”, “comforting sadness in the heart” and “orientation in the role of caring for children undergoing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.” CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that support systems and intervention programs need to be developed so that nurses can understand and wisely deal with experiences of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from children who receive care from nurses.
Child* ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Pediatric Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Research Design ; Withholding Treatment

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Glucose and pH of Oral Secretions in Newborns.

Namhee KIM ; Youngmee AHN

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):353-363. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.353

PURPOSE: Oral glucose and pH are known as critical indicators for the growth of microorganism inside the oral cavity. This study was performed to identify oral glucose and pH variances in the early postnatal days of newborns. METHODS: An explorative study which included 67 newborns was conducted to measure the oral glucose and pH during the first three days of life. Oral secretions were collected every 8 hours for three days or 6 to 9 times immediately after birth up to discharge. Oral glucose and pH variances during the three days were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: Oral glucose was 30.66±22.01mg/dl at birth then increased to 54.77±27.96mg/dl at the third day of life (F=8.04, p<.001) while oral pH decreased from 7.35±0.36 to 5.53±0.39 during the three days (F=113.35, p<.001). Oral glucose and pH were related to gestational age, regurgitation, and maternal diabetic mellitus. A negative correlation was found between oral glucose and pH (r=-.34, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Oral glucose and pH can be utilized for oral health assessment in newborns. Further study is needed to explore the factors which influence oral glucose and pH in high-risk newborns.
Gestational Age ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mouth ; Oral Health ; Parturition

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Korean Nursing Students' Experience of Ego Identity Development.

Hyun Young KOO

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):340-352. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.340

PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the experiences of ego identity development in Korean nursing students. METHODS: Data were collected from 16 nursing students through in-depth interviews. The main question was, “Could you tell me your experience of developing an ego identity?” Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: The core category of the experiences of ego identity development in Korean nursing students was ‘trying to be a different new person’. Action/interaction strategies were ‘solving the problem using experiences’, ‘making one's own success story’, and ‘making harmony with others’. Consequences were ‘being sure of oneself as a new person’. CONCLUSION: Korean nursing students tried to use their experiences, achieve success, and harmonize with others. Their efforts were influenced by conflicts and supports of people around. Therefore, nurse educators should understand contextual and intervening conditions of nursing students, and try to help them achieve ego identities.
Ego* ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research ; Self Concept ; Students, Nursing

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Effect of Sexual Maturation, Parenting Attitude and Maturity Fear on Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Elementary School Girls.

Hun Ha CHO ; So Hyun MOON

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):329-339. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.329

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the sexual maturation, parenting attitude, maturity fear and emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school, and to examine the relation between these variables and factors that influence emotional and behavioral problems. METHODS: Participants were 128 second, third and fourth year students from 3 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: Emotional and behavioral problems were related to eating rate, eating breakfast, frequency of late-night snacks and main communicator on pubertal development. Emotional and behavioral problems showed a positive correlation with maturity fear and father's parenting attitude (strictness) and a negative correlation with parenting attitude and father's parenting attitude (intimacy). Maturity fear, father's parenting attitude, eating breakfast, and main communicator on pubertal development had significant influence on emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school. CONCLUSION: Findings show that for effective management of emotional and behavioral problems in elementary school girls, programs including coping with maturity fear, supportive parenting of father, diet education, and functional communication with mother on pubertal development should be developed.
Breakfast ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Fathers ; Female* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Problem Behavior* ; Sexual Maturation* ; Snacks

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Factors Affecting Health Promotion Behaviors of Upper Grade Elementary Students.

Ga Eul JEON ; In Soo KWON

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):319-328. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.319

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students. METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's α, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (β=.38, p<.001), health knowledge (β=.26, p<.001), perceived health status - good (β=.15, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.
Accident Prevention ; Behavior Control ; Education ; First Aid ; Health Promotion* ; Health Status ; Humans ; Korea ; Sexual Behavior

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Factors Influencing the Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Precocious Puberty.

Suyoung LEE ; Gaeun KIM

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):312-318. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.312

PURPOSE: In this study factors affecting quality of life in mothers who have children with precocious puberty were identified. METHODS: The participants were 102 mothers of children with precocious puberty. From September 12 to September 30, 2016, data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. RESULTS: Regression analysis showed that the model's explanatory power was 45%(F=28.71, p<.001). Role stress (t=-4.83, p<.001), objective burden (t=-2.71, p<.001), and average monthly income (t=4.12, p<.001) were factors affecting quality of life among these mothers. The most influential factor was role stress (β=-.41), which showed a negative correlation. CONCLUSION: Role stress and objective burden were major factors that decreased the quality of life in these. The findings indicate that effective strategy programs for reducing role stress and objective burden are necessary to improve the quality of life in mothers of children with precocious puberty.
Child* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Quality of Life*

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A Systematic Review of Forest Therapy Programs for Elementary School Students.

Min Kyung SONG ; Kyung Sook BANG

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):300-311. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.300

PURPOSE: There are many forest and outdoor programs being offered but systematic reviews of effects are lacking. This study was done to identify content, format, and strategies of forest therapy programs for elementary school students. METHODS: Literature search using keywords in English and Korean was performed using 6 electronic databases in December 2016. Search participants were elementary school students and interventions conducted in the forest. Seventeen forest therapy studies were selected for evaluation. Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non-randomized study was used for quality assessment. RESULTS: All studies were quasi-experimental designs. Forest therapy programs included various activities in forests such as experience of five senses, meditation in the forest, walking in the forest, ecological play, observation of animals and insects. All studies used psychosocial health variables and forest healing programs had positive effects on sociality, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, stress, aggression, anger, and school adjustment. Limitations of these studies were vague reporting of the study, lack of ethical review and rigorous research designs. CONCLUSION: Forest therapy for elementary school child can be an effective way to improve psychosocial health. Future studies with rigorous study designs are needed to assess long-term effects of forest therapy on physical and psychosocial health.
Aggression ; Anger ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Child ; Depression ; Ethical Review ; Forests* ; Humans ; Insects ; Meditation ; Research Design ; Walking

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Awareness of Nursing Students' Biomedical Ethics and Attitudes toward Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment.

Geun Myun KIM ; Kyung Suk SUNG ; Eun Joo KIM

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):292-299. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.292

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze nursing students' attitudes to life-sustaining treatment by measuring their awareness of biomedical ethics and resulting attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. METHODS: This study was a descriptive research to assess the level of nursing students' awareness of biomedical ethics, attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, and correlations between these variables. After the nursing students signed a consent form they were assessed. Data collection was done from September 1 to October 25, 2016, and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 WIM Program. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation and significant difference between nursing students' awareness of biomedical ethics and attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. There was a significant correlation among attitude toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and medical ethics, mortality ethics. CONCLUSION: The findings in the study indicate that it is necessary to provide nursing students with easy access to continuous education to help them establish an acceptable view of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.
Bioethics* ; Consent Forms ; Data Collection ; Education ; Ethics ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Life Support Care ; Mortality ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

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A Structural Equation Model on Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Chan Gyeong PARK ; Mi Yang JEON

Child Health Nursing Research.2017;23(3):279-291. doi:10.4094/chnr.2017.23.3.279

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore how characteristics of ADHD children affect social support for mothers, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, coping, and quality of life. The conceptual model was based on the Lazarus and Folkman's stress-evaluation-coping theory. METHODS: Data were collected 208 mothers of children with ADHD. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. RESULTS: The proposed model was good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. Parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and coping directly affected quality of life but characteristics of the children and social support had only an indirect effect. The explanatory power of these variables was 52.1%. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that nursing strategies to increase social support for mothers with ADHD children, lowers parenting stress, improves parenting sense of competence, and guides the parents to choose appropriate coping. In particular, as social support has the strongest influence on the quality of life, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs that utilize social support for parents with ADHD children.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting ; Parents ; Quality of Life*

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