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New start.

Dong Heon HAN

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2017;41(2):71-72. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2017.41.2.71

No abstract available.
Dental Research ; Journalism, Dental ; Periodicals as Topic ; Peer Review ; Publishing

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Effects of full problem based learning of dental students on self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities.

Kang Wook LEE ; Jin Sil HONG ; Kee Wan CHANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):277-284. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.277

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on dental education to dental students. The following were investigated in this study: 1. Does PBL improve the ability of self-directed learning? 2. Does PBL change communication ability? 3. Does PBL change the strategy of problem solving? METHODS: The participants of this study were 39 students in the experimental group and 68 students in the control group. The measurement tools of this study were self-directed learning, communication, and problem solving abilities tests designed by the Korean Educational Development Institute. The data was analyzed by the two-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: In self-directed learning ability during 3 semesters, the experimental group showed a U-shape change but the control group showed a reverse U-shape change. In the experimental group, the self-directed learning ability was decreased after one year (after the first and second semester). The level of communication ability decreased every day during the three semesters monitored in both the control and experimental groups. The level of communication ability in the experimental group continuously decreased during the three semesters, with the exception of one semester. Finally, for the problem solving ability during the three semesters, the experimental group showed a reverse U-shape change while the control group showed a U-shape change. In the experimental group, there was no change after two semesters. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the findings in this study, the following conclusions can be made. First, problem-based learning has a positive educational effect compared to didactic-based learning within one year. Second, the appropriate length of PBL is two semesters, or one year. It could be recommended that dental education in Korea should be combined or hybridized with PBL; for example, PBL could be used in combination with brief lectures or block lectures by teachers.
Communication ; Education, Dental ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning* ; Lectures ; Problem Solving* ; Problem-Based Learning* ; Students, Dental*

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Remineralisation effect of 1,500 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste in enamel early caries lesion.

Ae Ok KIM ; Seong Soog JEONG ; Da Eun KIM ; Won Ho HA ; Kyo Tae MOON ; Choong Ho CHOI ; Suk Jin HONG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):270-276. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.270

OBJECTIVES: We compared the effects of a 1,500 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste and a 1,000 ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste, which were revised up to the recent revision, and evaluated their effects on the tooth surface after adding bamboo salt to the preparations. METHODS: Experimental early artificial caries specimens were subjected to one of four treatments (n=12 per treatment group): 1,500 ppm NaF, 2% bamboo salt+1,000 ppm NaF, 1,000 ppm NaF, and control treatment. The specimens were exposed to the experimental toothpaste, artificial saliva, and demineralized solution. The treated specimens were analyzed using Vickers surface hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS: The toothpaste with a high fluoride concentration (1,500 ppm NaF) showed more remineralization than did the toothpaste with a low fluoride concentration (1,000 ppm NaF). The 2% bamboo salt+1,000 ppm NaF group showed remineralization similar to the 1,500 ppm NaF group and higher surface microhardness than the 1,000 ppm NaF group. CONCLUSIONS: Toothpastes containing 1,500 ppm NaF have a higher preventive effect against dental caries than do toothpastes containing 1,000 ppm NaF. The addition of bamboo salt to fluoride-containing dentifrices improves their effectiveness in preventing dental caries.
Dental Caries ; Dental Enamel* ; Dentifrices ; Fluorides ; Hardness Tests ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Saliva, Artificial ; Tooth ; Toothpastes*

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Strategic direction of developing service guidelines for dental patients with disability.

Hye Ran PAIK ; Jae Young LEE ; Bo Hyoung JIN ; Young Jae KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):261-269. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.261

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at assessing the quality of dental services, as perceived by the disabled, and analyzing the factors identified to be of both high importance and low performance, as identified by IPA. METHODS: The data were collected from June 8 to November 2, 2016, after approval by the institutional review board. Questionnaires were distributed to 1466 disabled dental service consumers, of which 349 cases were included. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, multi-regression analysis for implicit importance, and IPA matrix for marketing strategy. RESULTS: The performance results revealed that cost level, reduction of the fee, and waiting time for treatments were the sources of greatest dissatisfaction. The IPA matrix results categorized the next appointment, explanation of the fee, waiting time for treatment, professionalism of the staff, and convenient facilities as high-importance, low-performance factors. Meanwhile, the results of the IPA matrix for consumer segmentation, according to recently used dental institutions were different. The dental clinic users evaluated professionalism of the staff, convenience of the facility, explanation of the fee, and cost level as high-importance, low-performance attributes. The dental hospital users indicated that waiting time for treatment and next appointment were high-importance, low-performance attributes. Finally, the public health center users indicated that convenience of booking, waiting time for treatment, convenience of facilities, reduction of the fee, and next appointment as high-importance, low-performance attributes. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the quality of dental service, we need to understand the needs of the dental patients with disability. All attributes that were categorized as high-importance, low-performance must be improved first and should accordingly be used as strategic factors to increase satisfaction with oral medical institutions.
Dental Clinics ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Marketing ; Professionalism ; Public Health

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The pH-dependent effects of combining ethanol with fluoride on proton permeability in Streptococcus mutans.

Sae A LEE ; Seung Il JUNG ; Jin Bom KIM ; Jung Sook KANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):255-260. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.255

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to determine the pH-dependent changes in F-ATPase activity and proton fluxes in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as induced by varying the concentration of fluoride ±10 mM (0.058% (v/v)) ethanol. METHODS: S. mutans UA159 was grown in Brain Heart Infusion medium at pH 4.8, 6.8, or 8.8. The F-ATPase assay was initiated by the addition of ATP, and stopped by adding 10% trichloroacetic acid. For the proton flux assay, bacterial suspensions were titrated to pH 4.6 with 0.5 M HCl, and then 0.5 M HCl was added to decrease the pH values in units of approximately 0.4 pH. The subsequent increase in pH was monitored using a glass electrode. To disrupt the cell membrane, 10% (v/v) butanol was added to the suspensions after 80 minutes. RESULTS: At all pH levels, fluoride ±10 mM ethanol not only decreased F-ATPase activity but also increased the proton permeability of S. mutans. The largest effects were observed at pH 4.8. Ethanol enhanced these effects only at pH 4.8. CONCLUSIONS: A very low concentration of ethanol enhanced the action of fluoride on F-ATPase activity and the proton permeability in S. mutans at acidic pH levels. We expect that low concentrations of ethanol may be used together with fluoride and/or other anticaries agents to develop more effective anticaries preparations.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Brain ; Cell Membrane ; Electrodes ; Ethanol* ; Fluorides* ; Glass ; Heart ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Permeability* ; Protons* ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus* ; Suspensions ; Trichloroacetic Acid

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A study on depressive symptoms and periodontal diseases.

Ji Hyun KIM ; Young Soon WON

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):250-254. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.250

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and periodontal diseases in a representative group of adults. METHODS: A total of 4,892 subjects were included in the study. Periodontal disease was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. The PHQ-9 scale was used to evaluate depression. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the Odds Ratio (OR) for periodontal disease with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 93.4 in the normal group (PHQ-9≤9) and 6.6 in the group with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥10). On dividing the group with depressive symptoms by gender, the OR for periodontal disease was 1.13 (95% CI=0.82-1.56). On dividing the normal group by gender and educational level, the OR was 0.96 (95% CI=0.69-1.34). Thus, no significant difference was found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between depressive symptoms and periodontal diseases.
Adult ; Depression* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Periodontal Index ; Prevalence

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The association between periodontitis and systemic disease among Korean adults.

Younghee KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):244-249. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.244

OBJECTIVES: Periodontal disease has developed not only as a localized factor of oral disease, but also as an important factor related to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and systemic disease by utilizing the representative national health nutrition survey in Korea. METHODS: Study participants without any missing data were selected from the sixth (2014) national health nutrition survey, which included 5,604 individuals with periodontal pocket depth. To determine that periodontal disease was associated not only with localized factors but with various factors interacting with each other, parameters such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, dyslipidemia, alcohol intake, smoking, age, level of education, income, regular visits to a dentist, frequency of toothbrushing, and presence of a dental cavity were investigated and evaluated anemic factors with CPITN. The associations were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Only hypertension was found to influence periodontitis independently [95% confidence interval: 0.6-0.9]. CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant association between hypertension and periodontal disease was noted and this association is expected to be fundamental data for future studies.
Adult* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dentists ; Dyslipidemias ; Education ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontitis* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Toothbrushing

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Effect of bamboo salt on the caries activity of Streptococcus mutans.

Han Na OH ; Choong Ho CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):238-243. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.238

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-caries activity of bamboo salt on Streptococcus mutans. METHODS: The pH of bamboo salt, bay salt, and NaCl were measured at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%. At 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 h, the growth and acid production of S. mutans was measured using a spectrophotometer and pH meter, respectively. RESULTS: The growth of S. mutans remarkably reduced with the addition of 1% NaCl. Bamboo salt showed effective growth inhibition at concentrations higher than 3%. Bay salt showed effective growth inhibition at concentrations higher than 5% (P<0.01). At salt concentrations of 1%, the pH value of bacterial culture broth reduced to below 5.5 after 12 h. Bamboo salt and NaCl reduced acid production at concentrations higher than 3%. Moreover, bay salt decreased acid production at concentrations higher than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that the bamboo salt inhibited growth and acid production of S. mutans. Thus, bamboo salt can be considered a useful material for the prevention of dental caries.
Bays ; Dental Caries ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Streptococcus mutans* ; Streptococcus*

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Relationship between metabolic syndrome components and periodontal health determined using a self-reported questionnaire.

Min Jeong CHO ; Jee Seon SHIM ; Hyeon Chang KIM ; Keun Bae SONG ; Youn Hee CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):231-237. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.231

OBJECTIVES: Many recent studies have suggested that several systemic conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, are related to periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any particular metabolic syndrome component correlates with the periodontal status. METHODS: This study analyzed data from 501 adults (age range, 30 to 64 years) who completed a general physical examination and an oral-health-related questionnaire between January 2014 and June 2014. Periodontitis was already used by the validity and reliability has been proven questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and the presence of chronic periodontitis. RESULTS: Among the 501 participants, 81 (16.2%) had metabolic syndrome and 91 (18.2%) had chronic periodontitis. The prevalence of chronic periodontitis was 28.40% (23/81) and 16.19% (68/420) in the participants with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively. The association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, education, income, occupation, and smoking status; the adjusted odds ratio was 2.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 3.71). CONCLUSIONS: A significant association exists between metabolic syndrome components and the periodontal status.
Adult ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Education ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Obesity ; Occupations ; Odds Ratio ; Periodontitis ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smoke ; Smoking

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Distribution of dental erosion and its related factors among workers in factories that use acids.

Seung Min PARK ; Myung Seop SHIN ; Mi Sun KONG ; Hyun Duck KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(4):222-230. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.4.222

OBJECTIVES: No evidence has been found on various types of dental erosion, except for occupational dental erosion. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of four types of dental erosion (occupational, dietary, systemic, and gastric) and its associated factors among workers in factories that use acids. METHODS: Of 89,034 workers from 4,625 factories that use acids, 716 workers from 38 factories were selected for this cross-sectional epidemiological study by using three-stage stratified cluster sampling. Evaluation for dental erosion was performed by a trained dentist by using Kim's criteria, and a saliva sample was collected directly from each participant. Data on acid sources and associated factors were collected by using questionnaires. By using a complex sample analysis, the T test and Rao-Scott chi-square test were applied to analyze the distribution of four acid factors and to evaluate the associated factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of overall dental erosion was 37.7% for occupational dental erosion, 23.1% for dietary dental erosion, 3.1% for systemic dental erosion, and 3.2% for gastric dental erosion. The prevalence of severe dental erosion was 10.5% for occupational dental erosion, 7.1% for dietary dental erosion, 1.8% for systemic dental erosion, and 1.7% for gastric dental erosion. The factors associated with dental erosion were age, sex, acid exposure, dental cervical abrasion, and dental attrition. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that the prevalence of dental erosion was high, moderate, and low in occupational, dietary, and gastric and systemic dental erosions, respectively, among workers exposed to acids. The related factors differed according to the types of dental erosion. Our data suggested that different types of promotion programs for dental erosion should be considered according to acid source.
Dentists ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Saliva ; Tooth Attrition

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