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The relationship between role stress and turnover among dental hygienists: mediating effects of commitment.

Jeong Hee LEE ; Hee Eun KIM ; Jun Seon CHOI

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):119-126. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.119

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the effect of role stress on turnover and examines the mediating effects of organizational, career, and job commitment. METHODS: This study involved a questionnaire survey on socio-demographic characteristics, working environment, role stress, commitment, and turnover. This was administered to 272 clinical dental hygienists from February 1, 2014, to February 28, 2014, and data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Turnover among dental hygienists increased when their role stress was high and the latter was significantly correlated with organizational, career, and job commitment. In the relationship between role stress and turnover, organizational and career commitment worked as the mediating factors with organizational commitment showing the biggest effect. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce role stress, the causes of role conflict and role overload should be systematically monitored. Improvement of the wage and working system along with expansion of specific tasks of dental hygienists to enhance their organizational and career commitment is required.
Dental Hygienists* ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits

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Dental hospital selection factors using triangle fuzzy numbers with a focus on supplier factors.

Min Young KIM ; Hosung SHIN

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):110-118. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.110

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes supplier factors that affect the selection of dental hospitals. METHODS: This study performed an analysis by combining outpatient use data, household data, and additional survey data in 2011 from the Korea Health Panel Annual Data from 2008 to 2011. Standardization was conducted on variables of supplier-related factors, and a four-point scale survey questionnaire was converted into a triangle fuzzy number to fuzzify the data. A two-part model was applied to the fuzzified values. In the first part, a study was conducted to determine which supplier factors affected the decision to visit dental outpatient facilities. In the second part, dental outpatient facilities use was analyzed based on the supplier factors. RESULTS: The study results showed that ages, marital status, education level, position of employment, and income level affected the decision to visit dental outpatient facilities. Furthermore, gender and age affected the usage of dental outpatient facilities. In conclusion, supplier factors affected the decision to visit dental outpatient facilities and usage significantly. Among the supplier factors, dentist recommendation was a significant factor. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the study results, it is necessary for dental care suppliers to provide a measure for appropriate service strategy focused on dental consumers' demand on improvements of dental service value and dental care quality.
Dental Care ; Dentists ; Education ; Employment ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Korea ; Marital Status ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Dental care utilization patterns by the status of ADL and IADL in the elderly.

Han A CHO ; Hosung SHIN

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):102-109. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.102

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze the effects of ADL and IADL on dental care utilization behaviors for the elderly 65 years of age and older. METHODS: Using data from the Korea Health Panel 2010-2011, we examined 2683 elderly people who did not use dental care and 12,550 cases of dental care utilization of 963 elderly people who used dental care among people aged 65 and older who responded to the items of ADL and IADL limitations. We employed two-part model (TPM) including logistic regression analysis in a first part of the model and negative binomial regression analysis in a second part of the model to estimate dental care utilization patterns associated with ADL and IADL of elderly adults. RESULTS: A frequency analysis revealed that dental care utilization was more frequent in the elderly with IADL limitations than in the elderly with ADL limitations. The first part of TPM predicted that dental care utilization was more likely to be present in males and younger age group along with increasing number of chronic diseases and independence in ADL and IADL. The results of the second part of TPM estimated the quantity of dental care utilization increased among high income groups. CONCLUSIONS: Limitations in ADL and IADL were found to affect the decision to seek dental care utilization, but physical limitations to have no statistical effect on the quantity of dental care utilization, once dental care utilization was taken for treatment. These findings suggested that dental care utilization would be determined by supplier induced demand and patient's own power to obtain treatment. Since decision to take dental care utilization, despite the barriers of limitations in activities, is an important factor which can satisfy medical needs, various policies to reflect oral health and physical fitness are required.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Adult ; Aged* ; Chronic Disease ; Dental Care* ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Oral Health ; Physical Fitness

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Effectiveness of a baking soda dentifrice on gingivitis and tooth surface.

Hyun Jae CHO ; Dai Il PAIK ; Dong Hun HAN

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):95-101. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.95

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate dentifrices in reducing gingivitis and tooth abrasiveness and improving tooth gloss, as compared to a conventional fluoride/silica-containing dentifrice. METHODS: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical study with a paralleled design, 73 healthy adult volunteers (age, 18-39 years), with more than 20 teeth were selected and randomly allocated to the following groups: a control group, a 35% baking soda group, and a 65% baking soda group. Professional plaque controls were provided to all subjects and the same control dentifrice was used for 14 days. At baseline, all subjects received an assigned dentifrice and were instructed to brush three times daily. The tooth gloss and gingival bleeding index were measured at baseline, 45, and 90 days. For measuring surface roughness, toothbrushes were replaced with electronic tooth-brushing machines, and the bovine specimen was brushed via 10,000 horizontal shuttle movements. The surface roughness was measured by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; Carl Zeiss, LSM-5 Pascal, Germany) Each variable was analyzed by the paired t-test, and change in each variable among groups was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Reliability of the gloss was analyzed by an intra-class correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to the controls, the 65% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group showed significant improvement with regard to the tooth gloss for 90 days as well as a significant inhibitory effect on gingivitis; the 35% sodium bicarbonate dentifrice group, however, showed no inhibitory effect on gingivitis. The relative roughness of the tooth surface in the dentifrices of both the sodium bicarbonate dentifrice groups was significantly low. Further, there was no significant difference with the distilled water group. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate dentifrice has an inhibitory effect on gingivitis. Further, this dentifrice showed low abrasiveness and a glossing effect on teeth.
Adult ; Dentifrices* ; Gingivitis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Sodium Bicarbonate* ; Tooth* ; Volunteers ; Water

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Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting the survival of first molars in Korean adults.

Sung Suk CHUNG ; Jong Bae KIM ; Young Sam KIM ; Young Ran JUNG ; Jin Sil HONG ; Ju Yeon KIM ; Kee Wan CHANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):88-94. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.88

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the variables affecting the survival of the four permanent first molars in an adult Korean population using logistic regression analysis. METHODS: The Korean government has been collecting oral health data at the national level at 3-year intervals since 2000. In addition, a national survey was conducted in 2006 among 15,777 persons aged 2-95 years who were stratified by age, gender, and region. The relationship between each of nine objective variables and tooth survival was analyzed by frequency, cross-tabulation, and logistic regression analysis, with age, gender, and economic status as functional variables. The inclusion level was alpha=0.05 and the exclusion level was alpha=0.10. The nine variables were age, occupational status, monthly family income, gender, frequency of brushing the teeth, snack intake per day, presence of diabetes, education level, and smoking (packs per year). RESULTS: The survival rate of the molars decreased with increased age. In individuals who engaged in farming, stock breeding, and fishing, the rate was 2-5 times lower than that of individuals in higher positions in terms of jobs and society. Furthermore, the survival rate for smokers was 5-10 percent lower, compared with non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant predictor of the survival rate of the four permanent molars in Korean adults was age, followed by jobs, smoking, and gender.
Adult* ; Breeding ; Education ; Employment ; Humans ; Logistic Models* ; Molar* ; Oral Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Survival Rate ; Tooth

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Evaluation of fluoride bioavailability in toothpastes.

Hae Youn KO ; Si Mook KANG ; Ho Keun KWON ; Baek Il KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):81-87. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.81

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the total fluoride concentration and bioavailable fluoride concentration in different toothpastes, based on a newly suggested method by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and to compare the measured concentrations with the concentrations written on the packaging. METHODS: The concentrations of total fluoride (TF) and bioavailable fluoride (BF) were measured in six toothpastes. For the TF measurement, 1 g of each toothpaste was mixed with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4), and hydrogen chloride (HCl) was placed. After 24 hours, the samples were centrifuged and total ionic strength adjustment buffer (TISAB) solution was added. For the BF measurement, the toothpaste was mixed with K2HPO4 for only 1 minute. The samples were centrifuged, and then HCl was placed and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The TISAB solution was added subsequently. The concentration of fluoride ions was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and calculated against a standard curve. RESULTS: The six toothpastes were composed of different fluoride compounds and abrasives. The measured TF concentration ranged from 624.99 ppm to 1,353.00 ppm, and the similarity to the declared fluoride concentration ranged from 53.48% to 93.31%. The measured BF concentration ranged from 587.61 ppm to 1,360.05 ppm, and the similarity to the expected fluoride concentration ranged from 41.97% to 93.80%. Two samples were clearly separated when the samples were centrifuged, whereas the remaining four samples had unclear supernatants. The clearly separated toothpastes (i.e., toothpastes 5 and 6) had BF concentrations that were similar to or lower than the declared fluoride concentrations and the measured TF concentrations. However, the unclearly separated toothpastes showed inconsistent relationships between the measured TF and BF concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The measured TF and BF concentrations of the six toothpastes did not reach the expected fluoride concentration. This finding resulted from the different compositions and forms of the toothpastes. Therefore, the properties of toothpastes need to be considered when measuring their fluoride concentrations.
Biological Availability* ; Fluorides* ; Hydrochloric Acid ; Hydrogen ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Ions ; Osmolar Concentration ; Product Packaging ; Toothpastes*

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Where should Korean Oral Health Science go?.

Hokun KWON

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(2):79-80. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.79

No abstract available.
Oral Health*

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Association between the number of existing permanent teeth and health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5 Dimension) among adults: findings from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2012.

Hye Sun SHIN ; Hyun Duck KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(4):303-310. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.303

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the number of existing permanent teeth is associated with health-related quality of life by using EuroQol-5 Dimension (EuroQol-5D) in a representative sample of Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 5349 subjects who participated in the 2012 fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were examined. The dependent variable was EQ-5D index and independent variable was the number of existing permanent teeth. The health-related quality of life was assessed by using EQ-5D index. The number of existing permanent teeth was evaluated by dentists using World Health Organization Index. Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic status (education, income), oral health behaviors (frequency of daily toothbrushing, and regular dental visit), health behaviors (cigarette smoking, drinking, regular physical activity), general health status (depression, stress, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus) were included as confounder in analysis. Multivariable linear regression model, stratified analysis and analysis of covariance were applied. RESULTS: After adjustment for various confounders, the number of existing permanent teeth was positively associated with EQ-5D index (P<0.001). This association was highlighted among 40-59 year-old males and over 60 year-old females. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the number of existing permanent teeth was independently associated with EQ-5D index. Our results provided the substantially important evidence on the health and oral health promotion for Korean adults.
Adult* ; Body Mass Index ; Demography ; Dentists ; Drinking ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Linear Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oral Health ; Quality of Life* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Tooth* ; Toothbrushing ; World Health Organization

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The mediating effects of test anxiety on the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout of female college students in a dental hygiene department.

Min Seong CHAE

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(4):295-302. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.295

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to uncover the mediating effects of test anxiety on the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout in enrolled in a dental hygiene department. METHODS: This study administered a survey consisting of the Socially Prescribed Perfectionism Scale, the Revised Test Anxiety Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey to 310 female college students in the dental hygiene department at G City. The data were analyzed with correlation analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0. partial mediating effects of test anxiety between socially prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. RESULTS: The results suggest that the higher the levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, the greater the increase in academic burnout. In addition, socially prescribed perfectionism increases test anxiety when academic burnout is high. The analysis of mediating effects in the indirect path of the model revealed that adaptive socially prescribed perfectionism had a negative effect on academic burnout by increasing test anxiety. These findings and their implications were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce socially imposed perfectionism, it is necessary to reduce growing academic burnout, and test the value and success criteria of this model. There remains however, the fact that there is a need to focus on career goals and criteria that need to be met in order to be successful. By lowering test anxiety, psychological stability is improved and in turn, a stable college life enables dental hygiene students to more freely access psychological support. Therefore, a proactive attitude toward education is vital in preventing test anxiety and socially prescribed perfectionism.
Anxiety* ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Negotiating* ; Oral Hygiene* ; Test Anxiety Scale

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Effect of smoking on utilization of and expenses in ambulatory dental care.

Sun Rak JEONG ; Young Hee KIM ; Ji Eon JANG ; Won Kee LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2015;39(4):288-294. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.288

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of smoking on utilization of and expenses in ambulatory dental care. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 5,751 men aged over 20 years selected from the Korea Health Panel data collected during 2010-2012. Pack-years of smoking were calculated based on the survey data. Dental utilization was defined as dental outpatient clinic use least once in three years. The expenses in ambulatory dental care were summed to determine total dental health care spending for three years. To detect the effect of smoking, we used multiple logistic regression analysis for dental utilization and multiple linear regression for expenses in ambulatory dental care after changing log. RESULTS: The pack-years had a significant effect on dental utilization and expenses in participants aged 40-59 years. After controlling for income level, bedtime brushing, and the presence of chronic disease, dental care utilization rates in the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year and the over 25 pack-year groups were about 1.4 (OR=1.37, (P =0.007)) and 1.6 times (OR=1.59, (P =0.001)) those in the 0 pack-year group. In comparison with the 0 pack-year group, the over 10 to less than 25 pack-year group spent 50,000 won more over dental expenses, while the corresponding number for the over 25 pack-year group was about 100,000 won. Thus, the ambulatory dental care expenses increased with the packyears of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking significantly influenced the utilization and expense in ambulatory dental care in men aged 40-59 years.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dental Care* ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

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