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Comparison between the National Oral Health Survey Systems of the United States and South Korea.

Youn Hee CHOI ; Hye Jung JIN ; Eun Kyong KIM ; Baek Il KIM ; Dong Kie KIM ; Deok Young PARK

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2013;37(3):167-171. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.3.167

In Korea, two kinds of National oral health surveys have been conducted to develop various oral health indices during the past decade. The system still needs to be improved further in terms of quality control for the examination system, data management, personnel empowerment, etc. Therefore, this study compares the National Oral Health Survey system of the United States (US) with that of South Korea. The US national surveys related to oral health were set from the 1970s, whereas Korea's national surveys have been initiated only recently; consequently, the US system is well organized and systematically managed by the professional personnel in governmental institutes, such as the Division of Oral Health in Centers for Disease Control. Furthermore, this study examines the scope of the examiner training program, and the methods for developing and implementing a standardized examination environment, data quality control, a data input system with automatic error checking, and data back up in the US. Considering the various factors involved in conducting nationwide epidemiological surveys as mentioned above, the structure and implementation methods of oral surveys in Korea clearly need to be improved.
Academies and Institutes ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Information Systems ; Korea ; Oral Health ; Personnel Management ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality Control ; Republic of Korea ; Data Accuracy ; United States

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Relationship between job competency, core self-evaluation, and job performance in dental hygienists.

Hae Jin LEE ; Su Jin KIM ; Young Sam KIM ; Jae Kyu JEON ; Kee Wan CHANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2013;37(3):161-166. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.3.161

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the relationship between job competency, job performance, and core self-evaluation in dental hygienists. METHODS: The subjects were registered and working dental hygienists in dental clinics. Two surveys were conducted. The first survey was conducted at an academic conference, and the second was via post. The conference participants were 200 dental hygienists, and 156 questionnaires were returned. Another 200 dental hygienists received the questionnaire via mail, and 123 returned the questionnaires. There were 279 questionnaires returned in total; however, only 269 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: Job performance was classified into oral health education, prevention treatment, and dental assisting. Competency was classified into achievement and behavior, personal leverage, and recognition specialty. All competency of dental hygienists was similarly taken, but the factors influencing each competency differed from the contents of job performance. Thus, appropriate education and training programs are needed by dental hygienists. Factors such as recognition specialty competency, age, and core self-evaluation influenced oral health education. Recognition specialty competency and core self-evaluation influenced prevention treatment. Moreover, academic ability and core self-evaluation influenced concertation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the dental hygienists who have a more positive attitude have better job performance. Thus, dental hygienists require continuous evaluation to enhance their professional qualities.
Achievement ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Hygienists ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Postal Service ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Trends in oral health inequality in 12-year-old Korean children: A study using the Gini coefficient.

Cheoul Sin KIM ; Ji Eun JEON

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2013;37(3):154-160. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.3.154

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to analyze the current state and tendency of oral health inequality in 12-year-old Korean children by calculating the Gini coefficient from decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) data. METHODS: Ten-year trends were empirically estimated by calculating the Gini coefficient from the Lorenz curve plotted based on the DMFT data of 12-year-old children, obtained from the Korean National Oral Health Survey from 2000 to 2010. RESULTS: While the oral health improved in general, oral health inequalities increased with the decrease in the number of DMFT each year, and the DMFT-based Gini coefficient increased from 0.53 in 2000 to 0.61 in 2010. The increase in the number of decayed and missing teeth was strongly affected by the increase in oral health inequality. CONCLUSIONS: To resolve Korea's continually increasing oral health inequality, it is necessary to establish support measures for vulnerable populations and to develop and manage a surveillance system for continuous monitoring of oral health inequality in the future.
Child ; Humans ; Oral Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tooth ; Vulnerable Populations

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Association between cigarette smoking status and periodontal disease in adults: results from the 2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey.

Young Soon WON ; Ji Hyun KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):133-139. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.133

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between smoking status and periodontitis risk in Korean adults. METHODS: This study used data collected from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample included 5,513 subjects over 19 years of age who had completed the necessary health behaviors survey and health examinations. RESULTS: First, based on a stratification analysis by gender, women who smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily had a 9.99-fold greater risk of periodontal disease than men. The risk of periodontal disease was higher in patients who began smoking at a later age. In patients with less than 20-40 lifelong smoking years, there was an increased risk of periodontitis, especially in men. Second, in a stratification analysis based on the presence of diabetes, patients with diabetes and a history of past smoking had a 2.53-fold higher risk of periodontal disease than non-smoking patients with diabetes. In both healthy and diabetic patients, the risk of periodontal disease increased with the daily smoking quantity and with age, and was also increased in individuals with less than 20-40 lifelong smoking years. The risk of periodontal disease was higher in the diabetes group overall, regardless of smoking status. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a high level of smoking can increase periodontal disease risk independently of sex and the presence of diabetes in Koreans. This study implies that smoking may be an independent risk factor for periodontal disease.
Adult* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Periodontal Diseases* ; Periodontitis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products*

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Pattern of dental caries in Korean adolescents with a high risk of caries.

In Ja KIM ; Hyun Jeong JU ; Sun Ho LEE ; Ja Young NA ; Hyo Won OH ; Heung Soo LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):126-132. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.126

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of dental caries in a high-risk group of Korean adolescents. METHODS: Raw data on 10,542 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 years from the 2012 Korean National Oral Health Survey was used. The subjects were divided into a high caries risk group and non-high caries risk group for analysis. For the statistical analyses, we utilized a frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and a multidimensional scaling analysis. RESULTS: The pattern of dental caries in the high caries risk group were divided into six classifications for 12-year-olds and five for 15-year-olds, including the mandibular first molar occlusal surface (Cluster 1). In the high caries risk group, the frequency of Cluster 1 was approximately 4-times higher in 12-year-olds than that in the non-high caries risk group of Cluster 1, and about 3-times higher in 15-year-olds. The multidimensional scaling analysis found that in the high caries risk group, the same types of tooth surfaces formed separate groups. The prevalent dental caries pattern of 12-year-olds in the high caries risk group was left-right symmetry, while in the 15-year-olds of the high caries risk group, the caries pattern also included the antagonistic teeth, along with left-right symmetry. However, the non-high caries risk group had a pattern of left-right symmetry only in the 15-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: When dental caries occur in the first molar, there is a high possibility of being classified into the high caries risk group. Therefore, preventative measures should focus on the antagonistic teeth and the teeth on the opposite side.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Classification ; Dental Caries* ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans ; Molar ; Oral Health ; Tooth

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Effects of socioeconomic level on dental scaling experience in the community: a multilevel analysis.

Eun Sil CHOI ; Hae Young KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):118-125. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.118

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between a community-level factor and dental scaling experience and to confirm the associations with individual factors in Korea. METHODS: In total, 203,088 individuals from 243 communities participated in the 2013 Community Health Survey. A dichotomized response of experiences with dental scaling was used as the outcome and the regional deprivation index was used as the explanatory community-level factor. In addition, various individual factors were included as covariates. In the bivariate analysis, the chi-square test was used. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression was also performed where in four models were applied. The bivariate analysis showed that all factors at the individual and community level showed significant associations with an individual's experience with dental scaling. RESULTS: The factors that were significantly associated with the dental scaling experience were being male, being 40-49 years old, having a higher income level, being economically active, having a higher education level, being a non-smoker, being a drinker, having good periodontal health, using oral hygiene products, tooth-brushing after lunch, and residing in less deprived regions (P<0.01). As with the results of multilevel logistic regression analysis, the regional deprivation index was significantly associated with scaling experience after adjusting for individual factors with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97-0.99), demonstrating an association between a lack of experience with scaling and lower socioeconomic status in the community. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that the scaling experience was affected not only by individual factors, but also by factors at the community level. Future studies are required to examine the detailed relationships between oral health and other community factors such as medical and social capital.
Dental Scaling* ; Education ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Lunch ; Male ; Multilevel Analysis* ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Social Capital ; Social Class

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Eun Jae JUNG ; Yun Sook JUNG ; Hae Young YANG ; Ji Hye KIM ; Youn Hee CHOI ; Keun Bae SONG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):112-117. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.112

OBJECTIVES: Many people rely on recommendations from family, relatives, and other information sources in order to select the appropriate dental clinic for treatment. The object of this study was to find out the relationship between quality of dental service and Korean Net Promoter Score (KNPS). METHODS: A total of 520 patients were selected through consecutive sampling from four dental clinics in Daegu city. Informed consent of all selected patients was obtained. The patients were required to complete a questionnaire that comprised of three categories of queries related to provision of satisfactory dental service, relation quality, and personal data. Sub-categories of questions included physical and environmental factors, human service factors, patients' satisfaction with related quality and KNPS. Data was collected by interviewing all individuals on a personal basis over a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using studental t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 20.0 software (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: Among the various socio-economic factors studied, income was most significantly related to KNPS while satisfaction of relation quality was the largest factor affecting the KNPS. Factors such as satisfactory physical environment, quality of human service, relation quality and income accounted for 52.4% of KNPS. In short, the three major factors that affected KNPS were patient compliance, professionalism of the attending dentist and response of hygienist to patient. Other minor factors influencing KNPS included trust upon the attending dentist, aesthetics of clinicstiinterior, and physical convenience. CONCLUSIONS: It is highly recommended that dental clinics should make strenuous efforts to increase the level of patient compliance, professionalism, and response towards patients, which can be achieved by improving the quality of service and through positive marketing of the hospital.
Daegu ; Dental Clinics ; Dentists ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Marketing ; Patient Compliance ; Professionalism

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Dental care utilization by diabetics according to the Korea Health Panel Survey.

Young Hee KIM ; Youn Joo KIM ; Sun Rak JEONG ; Won Kee LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):105-111. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.105

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the difference in dental care utilization between diabetics (diabetes group) and nondiabetics (normal group). METHODS: We examined the data of 5108 subjects enrolled in the Korea Health Panel Survey, every year for three years between 2010 and 2012. Of these, 458 subjects were included in the diabetes group and 458 in the normal group using the propensity score matching method to control confounding variables. To compare dental care utilization by the diabetes and normal groups, we examined the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: We found that the odds of dental care utilization by the diabetes group compared with the normal group was significantly high (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.60-2.09). The result was consistent according to sensitivity analysis (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.63-2.35). CONCLUSIONS: Dental care utilization by the diabetes group was 82% higher than that by the normal group. Therefore, patients with diabetes need to be more concerned about oral health care.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dental Care* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Methods ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health ; Propensity Score

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Effect of health behaviors on oral health in Korean adolescents.

Jae Kyung MA ; Min Jeong CHO

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016;40(2):100-104. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.2.100

OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is a time during which health behaviors and attitudes that significantly affect the quality of life are formed. The aim of this study was to analyze data from a large national survey to determine the effect of health behaviors and the DMFT index as well as oral and general health behavior patterns on oral health in adolescents. METHODS: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to analyze the association between health behaviors and the DMFT index in Korean adolescents. The data were analyzed using SAS version 19.3. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the variables, and 95% confidence intervals were computed. RESULTS: Sex, age, private medical insurance coverage, usage of oral-hygiene-assistance products, lack of dental treatment, and the status of self-recognition of oral health were the factors that had a significant influence on oral health among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings provided further evidence supporting the promotion of school-based oral health programs and highlighting the need of oral health education for adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Education ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Oral Health* ; Quality of Life

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The characteristics of high caries risk group for 12-years children in Korea.

Yun Sook JUNG ; Seong Hwa JEONG ; Nam Kyu KANG ; Youn Hee CHOI ; Keun Bae SONG

Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2013;37(1):47-52. doi:10.11149/jkaoh.2013.37.1.47

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the high caries risk group among 12-year-old children in Korea. METHODS: Information on oral health status and interview data were collected from 6,253 children (3,309 male and 2,944 female children) aged 12 years who participated in the Korea National Oral Health Survey in 2010. The subjects were sorted according to the decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) data. The highest one-third was selected as the significant caries (SiC) group (N=2,184), and the others were classified as the middle group (N=4,466) and the caries-free group (N=7,067). This study also used demographic variables such as gender and area of residence. The variables for the oral health behavior were the number of dental sealants on the first molar, self-perceived oral health, average frequency of tooth brushing per day, and the mean frequency of daily snack consumption. The variables for the oral health status were the mean number of DMFTs and the SiC index. The associations between the high caries risk group and the demographic and social variables, oral health status, and oral health-related consciousness and behavior were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant proportion of the high caries risk group participants had no dental sealant on the first molar (46.4%) and lived in rural areas (38.1%, P<0.05). The determinants of the high-risk group were whether the first molar was sealed ('0', OR=52.67) and the self-perceived oral health ('fair', OR=1.43, 'poor', OR=2.09). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the high caries risk group among 12-year-old Korean children were the absence of dental sealant on the first molar, poor self-perceived oral health, gender, and region.
Aged ; Child ; Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Molar ; Oral Health ; Pit and Fissure Sealants ; Snacks ; Tooth

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