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Development of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus replicon vector for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

Subbiah JEEVA ; Jung Ah LEE ; Seung Yong PARK ; Chang Seon SONG ; In Soo CHOI ; Joong Bok LEE

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2014;3(1):100-109. doi:10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.100

PURPOSE: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important global animal disease. To control FMD virus (FMDV) outbreaks, a lot of different novel approaches have been attempted. In this study, we proposed a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) as a replicon vector to express FMDV structural protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRRSV infectious clone (PRRSVK418DM) was used to develop an expression vector through the reverse genetic manipulation of PRRSV; FMDVP12A3C gene of serotype O was synthesized and used for an antigen. MARC-145 cells (African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line) were used for electroporation mediated transfection. The transfection or the expression of P12A3C and N protein of PRRSV was analyzed by either replicon containing PRRSV alone or by co-infection of helper PRRSV. RESULTS: We constructed PRRSVK418DM replicon vector containing FMDVP12A3C, and genome sequences were confirmed by subsequent sequence analysis. In vitro expression of P12A3C and PRRSV N protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody assay using antibodies specific for PRRSV N protein (anti-PRRSV N MAb), FMDV-VP1 (anti-VP1 MAb). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that PRRSV replicon vector can be a promising novel vector system to control FMDV and useful for vaccine development in the future.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Clone Cells ; Coinfection ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electroporation ; Epithelial Cells ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease* ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome ; Kidney ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus* ; Replicon* ; Sequence Analysis ; Transfection ; Viruses

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Immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: an open-labeled, randomized trial in healthy Korean children.

Sung Ho CHA ; Seon Hee SHIN ; Taek Jin LEE ; Chang Hwi KIM ; Michael POVEY ; Hwang Min KIM ; Ouzama NICHOLSON

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2014;3(1):91-99. doi:10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.91

PURPOSE: This study (NCT00751348) evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine compared to co-administration of measles-mumps-rubella and varicella (MMR+V) vaccines in Korean children during their second year of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy children aged 11-24 months received one dose of MMRV or MMR+V. Antibody titers against measles, mumps and rubella were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and against varicella using an immunofluorescence assay. Parents/guardians recorded adverse events in diary cards for up to 43 days post-vaccination. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of MMRV to MMR+V for all antigens in terms of seroconversion rates (SCRs), defined as a group difference with a lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI)>-10%. RESULTS: Of 474 subjects enrolled, 458 (MMRV, 301; MMR+V, 157) were included in the according-to-protocol cohort. For measles (98.0% vs. 99.4%), rubella (99.7% vs. 100%) and varicella (98.9% vs. 100%) SCRs, the lower limits of the 95% CIs for group differences were greater than -10%; however, for mumps SCRs (88.8% vs. 94.2%), it was -10.40%. The primary objective of non-inferiority in mumps SCRs was therefore not met, although the observed group difference in a post-hoc analysis of anti-mumps antibodies using a plaque reduction neutralization assay was 0.39% with a 95% CI lower limit of -4.03%. Adverse events occurred at comparable frequencies for both groups, except for more frequent fever in MMRV recipients. CONCLUSION: Based on the pre-specified non-inferiority criterion, SCRs of the MMRV vaccine were non-inferior to that elicited by MMR+V vaccines for all antigens except mumps.
Antibodies ; Chickenpox ; Child* ; Cohort Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fever ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Korea ; Measles ; Mumps ; Rubella ; Vaccines

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Strategic model of national rabies control in Korea.

Yeotaek CHEONG ; Bongjun KIM ; Ki Joong LEE ; Donghwa PARK ; Sooyeon KIM ; Hyeoncheol KIM ; Eunyeon PARK ; Hyeongchan LEE ; Chaewun BAE ; Changin OH ; Seung Yong PARK ; Chang Seon SONG ; Sang Won LEE ; In Soo CHOI ; Joong Bok LEE

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2014;3(1):78-90. doi:10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.78

Rabies is an important zoonosis in the public and veterinary healthy arenas. This article provides information on the situation of current rabies outbreak, analyzes the current national rabies control system, reviews the weaknesses of the national rabies control strategy, and identifies an appropriate solution to manage the current situation. Current rabies outbreak was shown to be present from rural areas to urban regions. Moreover, the situation worldwide demonstrates that each nation struggles to prevent or control rabies. Proper application and execution of the rabies control program require the overcoming of existing weaknesses. Bait vaccines and other complex programs are suggested to prevent rabies transmission or infection. Acceleration of the rabies control strategy also requires supplementation of current policy and of public information. In addition, these prevention strategies should be executed over a mid- to long-term period to control rabies.
Acceleration ; Korea* ; Rabies* ; Raccoon Dogs ; Vaccines

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Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccines as bivalent or antigen delivery vaccines.

Kang Seuk CHOI

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2017;6(2):72-82. doi:10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.72

Recent advances in reverse genetics techniques make it possible to manipulate the genome of RNA viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Several NDV vaccine strains have been used as vaccine vectors in poultry, mammals, and humans to express antigens of different pathogens. The safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of these NDV-vectored vaccines have been evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The vaccines are safe in mammals, humans, and poultry. Bivalent NDV-vectored vaccines against pathogens of economic importance to the poultry industry have been developed. These bivalent vaccines confer solid protective immunity against NDV and other foreign antigens. In most cases, NDV-vectored vaccines induce strong local and systemic immune responses against the target foreign antigen. This review summarizes the development of NDV-vectored vaccines and their potential use as a base for designing other effective vaccines for veterinary and human use.
Animals ; Genome ; Humans ; Mammals ; Newcastle disease virus* ; Newcastle Disease* ; Poultry ; Reverse Genetics ; RNA Viruses ; Vaccines*

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Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research's promotion to internationally competitive journal evidenced by journal metrics.

Sun HUH

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2017;6(2):67-71. doi:10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.67

No abstract available.
Vaccines ; Biomedical Research ; Bibliometrics Periodicals as Topic ; Bibliometrics ; Periodicals as Topic

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Mucosal vaccine adjuvants update.

Joon Haeng RHEE ; Shee Eun LEE ; Soo Young KIM

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2012;1(1):50-63. doi:10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.50

Mucosal vaccination, capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, has many advantages and is regarded as a blue ocean in the vaccine industry. Mucosal vaccines can offer lower costs, better accessability, needle-free delivery, and higher capacity of mass immunizations during pandemics. However, only very limited number of mucosal vaccines was approved for human use in the market yet. Generally, induction of immune responses following mucosal immunization requires the co-administration of appropriate adjuvants that can initiate and support the effective collaboration between innate and adaptive immunity. Classically, adjuvant researches were rather empirical than keenly scientific. However, during last several years, fundamental scientific achievements in innate immunity have been translated into the development of new mucosal adjuvants. This review focuses on recent developments in the concepts of adjuvants and innate immunity, mucosal immunity with special interest of vaccine development, and basic and applied researches in mucosal adjuvant.
Achievement ; Adaptive Immunity ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; Mass Vaccination ; Pandemics ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

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Principles underlying rational design of live attenuated influenza vaccines.

Yo Han JANG ; Baik Lin SEONG

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2012;1(1):35-49. doi:10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.35

Despite recent innovative advances in molecular virology and the developments of vaccines, influenza virus remains a serious burden for human health. Vaccination has been considered a primary countermeasure for prevention of influenza infection. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are particularly attracting attention as an effective strategy due to several advantages over inactivated vaccines. Cold-adaptation, as a classical means for attenuating viral virulence, has been successfully used for generating safe and effective donor strains of LAIVs against seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Recently, the advent of reverse genetics technique expedited a variety of rational strategies to broaden the pool of LAIVs. Considering the breadth of antigenic diversity of influenza virus, the pool of LAIVs is likely to equip us with better options for controlling influenza pandemics. With a brief reflection on classical attenuating strategies used at the initial stage of development of LAIVs, especially on the principles underlying the development of cold-adapted LAIVs, we further discuss and outline other attenuation strategies especially with respect to the rationales for attenuation, and their practicality for mass production. Finally, we propose important considerations for a rational vaccine design, which will provide us with practical guidelines for improving the safety and effectiveness of LAIVs.
Antigenic Variation ; Cross Protection ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pandemics ; Reverse Genetics ; Seasons ; Tissue Donors ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated

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A review of vaccine development and research for industry animals in Korea.

Nak Hyung LEE ; Jung Ah LEE ; Seung Yong PARK ; Chang Seon SONG ; In Soo CHOI ; Joong Bok LEE

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2012;1(1):18-34. doi:10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.18

Vaccination has proven to be the most cost-effective strategy for controlling a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals. For the last decade, veterinary vaccines have been substantially developed and demonstrated their effectiveness against many diseases. Nevertheless, new vaccines are greatly demanded to effectively control newly- and re-emerging pathogens in livestock. However, development of veterinary vaccines is a challenging task, in part, due to a variety of pathogens, hosts, and the uniqueness of host-susceptibility to each pathogen. Therefore, novel concepts of vaccines should be explored to overcome the limitation of conventional vaccines. There have been greatly advanced in the completion of genomic sequencing of pathogens, the application of comparative genomic and transcriptome analysis. This would facilitate to open opportunities up to investigate a new generation of vaccines; recombinant subunit vaccine, virus-like particle, DNA vaccine, and vector-vehicle vaccine. Currently, such types of vaccines are being actively explored against various livestock diseases, affording numerous advantages over conventional vaccines, including ease of production, immunogenicity, safety, and multivalency in a single shot. In this articles, the authors present the current status of the development of veterinary vaccines at large as well as research activities conducted in Korea.
Animals ; Communicable Diseases ; DNA ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Korea ; Livestock ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

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Milestones in history of adult vaccination in Korea.

Myoung Don OH ; Jong Koo LEE

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2012;1(1):9-17. doi:10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.9

Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-benefit interventions that reduced the mortality. Major vaccine preventable diseases have decreased dramatically after the introduction of immunization program in Korea. In this article, we review milestones in history of immunization program, especially in adult vaccination.
Adult ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Korea ; Vaccination

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The history of vaccination and current vaccination policies in Korea.

Sung Ho CHA

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research.2012;1(1):3-8. doi:10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.3

There may be many reasons for the significant decrease in the incidence of the pediatric infectious diseases in modern Korea; this could be due to the improvement of sanitary facilities, significant growth of Korean economy, improvement of nutrition, development and dissemination of antibiotics and implantation of vaccination, and overall improvement of medical technology. The development of vaccination has been highlighted as a striking achievement of the modern medical sciences with new technologies in many fields of medicine. Since 1876, the method for vaccination has opened its new era by Suk-Young Jee, known as the Jenner in Korea who wrote a book about smallpox vaccination, and it led an opportunity to propagate the needs for the vaccination in Korea. There was a time when pediatric wards were full of patients with parasitic diseases and many vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, Japanese B encephalitis, and poliomyelitis in 1950s-1960s. We do not see those infectious diseases that often any more in recent years. However, we still have patients with water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases related to increasing international travels. We just experienced the first pandemic influenza of the 21st century in 2009 and avian influenza is still a threat to humans in other parts of the world with an unpredictable potential of pandemicity. In addition, we have tough battles with emerging antibiotic resistance in many strains of bacteria and increased opportunistic infections due to improvement of medical technology involving more aggressive treatment modality and use of medical devices. Researches in many areas are under way and we hope that some of them may be preventable and decreased with a development of new vaccines in the future.
Achievement ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Communicable Diseases ; Diphtheria ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; Humans ; Incidence ; Influenza in Birds ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pandemics ; Parasitic Diseases ; Poliomyelitis ; Smallpox ; Strikes, Employee ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Whooping Cough

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