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Characteristics of the dietary intake of Korean elderly by chewing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010.

Ji Eun PARK ; Hee Jung AN ; Sung Ug JUNG ; Yoonna LEE ; Cho Il KIM ; Young Ai JANG

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):285-295. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.285

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the dietary intake of Korean elderly according to chewing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted during 2007-2010. Among subjects aged 65 years and over, more than half, 54.3% of elderly people, were classified as the difficulty in chewing group (DC). The DC group had lower nutrients and food intakes than those of in the no difficulty in chewing group (NDC). Findings showed that subjects in the DC group consumed fewer foods, especially fruits and vegetables. In addition, the DC group had significantly lower intakes of pan-fried food, stir-fried food, braised food, and seasoned-cooked vegetables, which could not be easily cooked or chewed. On the other hand, the number of soups and stews included in the top 30 largely consumed dishes were higher in the DC group than in the NDC group. No difference in numbers of daily meal/snack intake was observed between the two groups, however, the DC group had lower numbers of side-dishes compared to the NDC group. Fewer side-dishes per meal could be related to lower intakes of nutrients in dietary quality. Findings of this study demonstrated that dietary intake was influenced by chewing ability of elderly Korean people. Therefore, study of factors affecting dietary intake such as convenient cooking methods to decrease cooking time and skills to extend preservation and storage time of foods will necessary. In addition, development of food products and new techniques of cooking considering health status, chewing, and swallowing ability is required for the elderly, followed by establishment of standards for senior-friendly food products.
Aged ; Cooking ; Deglutition ; Fruit ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Mastication ; Meals ; Nutrition Surveys ; Vegetables

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Comparison of practice of dietary guidelines and health beliefs according to stage of weight loss behavior change among male workers.

Su Jeong SONG ; Hongseok AHN ; Jinmo KHIL

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):276-284. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.276

This study compared levels of health and dietary behavior practices and health beliefs according to the stage of weight loss behavior change of Korean male workers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from 411 male adult workers residing in Seoul, Kyeonggi, Chungcheong region. Practices of health related behavior, including smoking, drinking, exercise, work related physical activity, and dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were evaluated. In addition, the levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived cue to action from the health belief model were measured according to the stages of weight loss behavior change. Significant differences in BMI, level of daily exercise, and practices of dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were observed among stages of weight loss behavior change. Subjects who were in action/maintenance stage showed a more desirable level of health behavior and health belief model variables, except perceived barrier. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that subjects with different stages of behavior change need an appropriate specific nutrition education method and material for improvement of nutrition education efficacy.
Adult ; Cues ; Drinking ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Weight Loss

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Relationships between obesity, blood and urinary compositions, and dietary habits and depressed mood in Koreans at the age of 40, a life transition period.

Ji Eun CHU ; Ji Min LEE ; Han Ik CHO ; Yoon Jung PARK

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):261-275. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.261

This study was designed to investigate the relationships of depressed mood with obesity, blood and urinary compositions, and dietary habits in Koreans at the age of 40, a critical transition to the middle adulthood stage. A total of 27,684 people who have taken the Life Transition Period Health Examination at the Korea Association of Health Promotion in 2011 were divided into two groups; the depressed mood group (DG) and the non-depressed group (NG) according to results of the primary questionnaire for mental health. The results were analyzed using the health examination criteria of the National Health Insurance Corporation. Women and medicaid recipients showed higher incidence of depressed mood than men and health insurance subscribers. People with underweight in BMI or abdominal obesity showed correlation with depressed mood, while there was no significant relationship with metabolic syndrome. Regarding blood and urinary compositions, DG was related to a higher level of hemoglobin and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, although the relationships diminished after adjustment for other confounder effects. According to dietary habits, more people in DG were categorized as a group for "Needs Much Improvement", and the odds ratio of the depressed mood showed a significant increase. Significant difference regarding the frequency of food items such as milk products, animal proteins, Kimchi, and fruits was observed between DG and NG. In addition, a higher portion of subjects in DG did not consume regular meals and various kinds of food. In conclusion, the depressed mood of 40 year-old adults was significantly related to underweight, higher waist measurement, and undesirable dietary habits. Results of our study can be applicable as a basic resource for development of effective nutrition counseling and education programs for improvement of mental health promotion during the critical transition to the middle adulthood stage.
Adult ; Animals ; Counseling ; Female ; Food Habits ; Fruit ; Health Promotion ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Male ; Meals ; Medicaid ; Mental Health ; Milk ; National Health Programs ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Odds Ratio ; Proteins ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thinness

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Eating patterns and use of nutritional information in breast cancer survivors treated with radiation therapy in South Korea.

Kyoung Ok KIM ; Hyunjin PARK ; Mison CHUN ; Eun Hyun LEE ; Hyun Sook KIM

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):250-260. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.250

The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate eating behaviors and patterns in breast cancer patients using a newly developed food frequency questionnaire and 2) to examine perception and use of nutritional information about breast cancer treatment among cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Sixty breast cancer patients (case group) undergoing radiation therapy in Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea and 79 healthy women (control group) participated in this study. Mean age of subjects in the control group was 46.00 +/- 7.88 years and BMI was 23.12 +/- 2.85 kg/m2, and that of the case group was 50.06 +/- 11.64 years and 22.32 +/- 3.24 kg/m2. The results of eating behaviors showed several significant differences between control and case groups. Breast cancer patients ate meals on a more regular basis, on time, and more frequently compared to control subjects. In addition, they preferred more salty or spicy and bland food compared to healthy women. According to answers from the food frequency questionnaire, breast cancer patients consumed significantly lower amounts of boiled white rice, meats and processed food, fish and shellfish, coffee, milk, and cheese, whereas they consumed a significantly large amount of boiled multigrain rice, vegetable, seaweeds, soybean and processed food, and yoghurt compared to healthy women. This study also observed the way in which cancer patients and healthy control subjects obtain information about breast cancer treatment and its reliabilities. Results showed that healthy women did not hesitate to obtain information from mass media, while breast cancer patients would obtain nutritional information from specialists rather than mass media. Results of this survey confirmed that breast cancer patients avoided intake of red meat protein, even though they already recognized the importance of dietary protein intake for recuperation and treatment of the disease. These results could be used for future diet and nutrition guidelines for breast cancer patients.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cheese ; Coffee ; Diet ; Dietary Proteins ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Shellfish ; Soybeans ; Specialization ; Survivors ; Vegetables ; Yogurt

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Comparison of anthropometric data and clinical health indicators according to the serum vitamin B12 status in female older adults living in a rural area of Jeonla province, Korea.

Chung Shil KWAK ; Ji Hyun CHO ; Miyong YON

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):239-249. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.239

Subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the elderly worldwide. We investigated the change of serum vitamin B12 concentration with aging and compared anthropometric data and clinical health indicators between normal (> or = 340 pg/mL) and low (< 340 pg/mL) serum vitamin B12 groups in 470 Korean women aged 65 years and over living in a rural area. Serum vitamin B12 concentration showed inverse correlation with age (r = -0.0992, p < 0.05). The normal B12 group showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared to the low B12 group, however, no difference in mean corpuscular volume was observed between the two groups. The normal B12 group showed significantly lower serum homocysteine concentration (p < 0.01) and prevalence of vitamin D (p < 0.01) or folate deficiency (p < 0.001). Bone mineral density (T-score) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the normal B12 group, compared with that in the low B12 group, and showed positive correlation (r = 0.1490, p < 0.01) with serum vitamin B12 concentration after adjusting for age, body weight, and body mass index. No differences in anthropometric data, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits were observed between the two groups. In conclusion, it could be suggested that older female adults with normal serum vitamin B12 level would be less anemic and osteoporotic and more resistant to hyperhomocysteinemia associated chronic diseases than those with low serum vitamin B12 level.
Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Chronic Disease ; Drinking ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Korea ; Motor Activity ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency ; Vitamin D ; Vitamins

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Systematic review of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on improvement of blood flow while focused on evaluation of claims for health functional food.

Sewon JEONG ; Ji Yeon KIM ; Ju Eun PAEK ; Joohee KIM ; Jin Sook KWAK ; Oran KWON

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):226-238. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.226

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids because humans cannot synthesize them de novo and must obtain them in their diet. Fish and fish oil are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Significant evidence of the beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids in blood flow has been reported and putative mechanisms for improvement of blood flow include anti-thrombotic effects, lowered blood pressure, improved endothelial function, and anti-atherogenic effects. Edible oils containing omega-3 fatty acids were registered as functional ingredients in the Korea Health Functional Food Code. Although omega-3 fatty acids have been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, periodic re-evaluation may be needed because emerging data related to omega-3 fatty acids have accumulated. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the effect of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional ingredient in health functional food on improvement of blood flow. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for collection of relevant human studies using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2012. Search keywords were used by combination of terms related to omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 112 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. Among 112 studies, significant effects on improvement of blood flow were reported in 84 studies and the daily intake amount was ranged from 0.1 to 15 g. According to this methodology of systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between omega-3 fatty acid intake and blood flow. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid ; Fatty Acids, Essential ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Korea ; Oils ; United States Food and Drug Administration

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Systematic review of the effect of coenzyme Q10 on antioxidant capacity while focused on evaluation of claims for health functional food.

Ji Yeon KIM ; Sewon JEONG ; Ju Eun PAEK ; Joohee KIM ; Jin Sook KWAK ; Yoon Jung LEE ; Tae Seok KANG ; Oran KWON

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):218-225. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.218

Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to emerging data. Therefore, periodic re-evaluation may be needed for some functional ingredients. In this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2010 with the search term of coenzyme Q10 in combination with antioxidant. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 33 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant activity. Among 33 studies, significant effects for antioxidant activities were reported in 22 studies and their daily intake amount was 60 to 300 mg. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between coenzyme Q10 intake and antioxidant activities. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Korea ; Ubiquinone ; United States Food and Drug Administration

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Effects of Artemisia capillaris extract on disorders of hepatic functions and lipid metabolism in rats treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

Joon Ho LEE ; Chun Lei ZHANG ; Shou Chao BI ; Seok Youn HWANG

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013;46(3):207-217. doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.3.207

This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of Artemisia capillaris (AC) extract on disorders of hepatic functions and lipid metabolism induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine disrupter, using male rats (SD, five weeks old) for a period of three weeks. These 37 animals were divided into four groups. AC extract was added as 1.5% or 3% levels to basal diets, respectively. TCDD (40 ug/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection into rats after a week from the beginning of the experiment. AC extract alleviated the increase of rat's relative liver weights induced by TCDD. Thymuses of all rats treated with TCDD were apparently shrunken by approximately 80%. Levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrits were significantly increased by treatment with TCDD, however, WBC tended to decrease by AC extract diets. In hepatic function, the elevation of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities by TCDD treatment was diminished by AC extract diets. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly elevated by AC extract diets. The apparent increase of triglyceride levels of rat livers induced by TCDD was significantly suppressed in the AC extract diet groups. Hepatic cytosolic catalase activities significantly decreased by treatment with TCDD showed a recovering trend by AC extract diets. In histochemical observation, the fat droplets and apoptosis of hepatocytes treated with TCDD were markedly alleviated by AC extract diets. These results indicated that AC could exert recovering effects on some disorders of hepatic functions, lipids metabolism, and antioxidant activities resulting from TCDD treatment.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Artemisia ; Catalase ; Cytosol ; Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Leukocytes ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Male ; Rats ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ; Thymus Gland ; Weights and Measures

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Role of zinc for calcification inhibitor protein in vascular smooth muscle cell plaque formation.

Mee Young SHIN ; In Sook KWUN

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016;49(1):59-62. doi:10.4163/jnh.2016.49.1.59

PURPOSE: Zinc, a biomineral present within and outside cells, manages various cellular mechanisms. In this study, we examined whether zinc was involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification via regulation of calcification inhibitor protein, osteopontin (OPN). METHODS: Rat aorta cell line (A7r5 cells) and primary vascular smooth muscle cells (pVSMCs) from rat aorta were cultured with phosphate (1-5 mM) and zinc (0-15 microM) as appropriate, along with osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) as control. The cells were then stained for Ca and P deposition for calcification examination as well as osteopontin expression as calcification inhibitor protein was measured. RESULTS: Both Ca and phosphate deposition increased as the addition of phosphate increased. In the same manner, the expression of osteopontin was upregulated as the addition of phosphate increased in both cell types. When zinc was added, Ca and P deposition decreased in VSMCs, while it increased in osteoblasts. CONCLUSION: The results imply that zinc may prevent VSMC calcification by stimulating calcification inhibitor protein OPN synthesis in VSMCs.
Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Line ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteopontin ; Rats ; Zinc*

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Vitamin C and antioxidant capacity stability in cherry and romaine during storage at different temperatures.

Hee Jung PARK ; Myung Joo LEE ; Hye Ran LEE

Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016;49(1):51-58. doi:10.4163/jnh.2016.49.1.51

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to study the change in antioxidant activity depending on storage temperature and storage period in romaine and cherry. METHODS: The plant material was stored at 0.7 +/- 0.6degrees C, 3.5 +/- 2.8degrees C, and 4.7 +/- 1.4degrees C. Cherry and romaine were stored for a period of 9 days and 7 days, respectively. The cherry was taken from each group of samples at regular intervals of days and the romaine was taken from each group of samples at regular intervals of 2days. Vitamin C, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid stability and antioxidant capacity including DPPH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. RESULTS: For cherry, the levels of TAC and flavonoid were higher at the 0.7 +/- 0.6degrees C condition than other conditions (p < 0.05). The polyphenol and vitamin C levels were not significantly different among storage conditions. In the case of romaine, the level of TAC was highly preserved until 7 days at the 0.7 +/- 0.6degrees C condition. Vitamin C level was significantly lower at the 3.5 +/- 2.8degrees C condition (p < 0.05). DPPH activity was highest at the 0.7 +/- 0.6degrees C condition (p < 0.05). DPPH activity was shown in order of 0.7 +/- 0.6degrees C > 4.7 +/- 1.4degrees C > 3.5 +/- 2.8degrees C. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the narrow differences and fluctuation in temperature were associated with antioxidant capacity and it might enhance the nutritional shelf life of vegetables and fruits.
Ascorbic Acid* ; Fruit ; Plants ; Prunus* ; Vegetables ; Vitamins*

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