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Papillary glioneuronal tumor:a clinicopathologic analysis of three cases

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):419-422. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.016

Purpose To investigate clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical findings and differential diagnosis of papillary glioneuronal tumor ( PGNT) . Methods The clinical features, imaging, histological and immunohistochemical findings were analyzed in three cases of PGNT, along with review of the related literatures. Results Two patients were female adults, and the other was male adults. One presented with dizziness, and the other exhibited intractable seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) revealed a cyst-ic space-occupying mass in brain parenchyma of left temporal lobe or right parietal lobe. Microscopically, it was characterized by pseu-dopapillary structures composed of hyalinized vessels rimmed by cuboidal glial cells, oligodendrocyte-like cells and the proliferation of neuronal cells. On immunohistochemical staining, the perivascular cuboidal cells were GFAP-positive, the oligodendrocyte-like cells were Olig-2-positive, and the neuronal cells were synaptophysin-and nuclear protein-positive. Conclusion PGNT is a rare and new variant of mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm, the natural evolution of this tumor is one of low malignant potential and it has a good progno-sis. The distinctive pathologic features help to differentiate this entity from other neoplasm of the central nervous system which has pa-pillary structures.

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Non-Wilms’ renal tumors in children:clinicopathological features of fifteen cases

Zhengzhen ZHOU ; Weijian CHEN ; Nan JIANG ; Min LIU ; Liqiong ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):415-418. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.015

Purpose To investigate the clinical pathological features, pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the non-Wilms’ renal tumors in children. Methods The clinical pathological data and immunohistochemical findings of 15 cases of non-Wilms’ renal tumors were retrospectively analyzed with review of the relevant literature. Results In 7/15 (46. 67%) cases of cystic nephroma ( CN) , microscopically the variable size of cysts were lined by a single layer flattened, cuboidal epithelia, separated by fi-broblastic stroma;in 4/15 (26. 67%) cases of rhabdoid tumor of kidney (RTK), histological characteristics were rhabdoid cells and cytoplasmic inclusions;in 2/15 (13. 33%) cases of clear cell sarcoma (CCSK), the classical pattern of histology demonstrated nests, cords of ovoid epithelioid or spindled clear cells separated by fibrovascular septa, which had a marked ’ chicken wire’ pattern of small blood vessels;in 1/15 (6. 67%) case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), the tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in fascicular pattern, in which fetal renal tissue was seen;in 1/15 (6. 67%) case of granularity renal cell carcinoma, micro-scopically, the cancer cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm arranged in nests, cords and tubular pattern. Conclusions Although non-Wilms’ renal tumors is a small part of all kidney tumor, it is difficult to diagnose and distinguish from other tumors before opera-tion. The pathological diagnosis is the most reliable method for differential diagnosis of non-Wilms’ renal tumor.

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Genetic aberration of ALK in neuroblastoma

Minzhi YIN ; Jiefeng CHEN ; Ping SHEN ; Jing MA ; Zhongde ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):404-407. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.012

Purpose To investigate the genetic changes of ALK gene in sporadic neuroblastoma in China, and to explore its role in neuroblastoma. Methods Total 56 cases of NB with overexpressed ALK protein were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) , using interphase Vysis LSI ALK dual-color and break apart rearrangement probes. Literature under the subject was searched through PubMed. Results Of the 56 cases, ALK gain was found in 9 (16%) cases, ALK amplification was found in 1 (1. 8%) case only. No alterations of ALK were detected in the remaining 46 cases. Conclusion As a major predisposition gene as well as a poten-tial therapeutic target for neuroblastoma, the frequency of aberrant copy numbers of ALK gene in Chinese NB patients is closely similar with previously published results.

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Promoter methylation and expression of RKIP gene in patients with gastric carcinoma

Dongxia LI ; Hui ZHANG ; Zheng TANG ; Hui WU ; Qiaoxiang LI

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):376-378. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.005

Purpose To investigate the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma and to analyze the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and expression of RKIP. Methods The protein ex-pression and promoter methylation of RKIP were detected in 45 cases of surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens and 21 cases of corresponding normal tissues using the immunohistchemistry SP method and methylation-specific PCR ( MSP) . Results The positive rate of promoter methylation of RKIP was 48. 89% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 4. 8% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The positive rate of the expression of RKIP protein was 42. 22% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 90. 48% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The pro-tein expression and promoter methylation of RKIP were correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis ( P<0. 05) . Expression of RKIP protein in gastric carcinoma was associated with promoter methylation of RKIP. Conclusions Promoter abnormal methylation of RKIP may be one reason of the deletion of expression of RKIP protein, which correlates with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma.

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Tumor tropism and safety of cytokine-induced killer cells in nude mouse xenograft model

Xia LIU ; Qichan HU ; Tao WANG ; Rui HUANG ; Jing CUI ; Li WANG ; Julun YANG

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):360-365. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.002

Purpose To evaluate the tumor tropism of cytokine-induced killer ( CIK) cells, the movement track in nude mice bearing breast carcinoma and the influence on major organs of nude mice. Methods Separated and prepared CIK cells using human peripheral blood. The transwell migration assay was used to study the migratory response of CIK cells to human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. A nude mouse xenograft model ( BALB/c) was established by injection of human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. CIK cells labelled with DiI were injected into caudal vein of the nude mice bearing transplantation tumor. Movement track of CIK cells in vi-vo and influence on major organs were observed by living imaging technology, histopathology and immunohistopathology. Results When cultured in vitro during 14 ~20 days, CIK cells reached the peak level in proliferating stage with the maximum proportion of CD3 +CD56 + T cells. Transwell migration assay showed that the migrating number of CIK cells was increasing along with the increasing concentration of tumor cell cultural supernatants. Living imaging technology showed that the fluorescence signal began to appear 24 hours after injection of CIK cells and was strongest at 48 hours. Immunohistochemical technique and hematoxylin-eosin stain showed CIK cells tended to gather around tumor tissue 6 hours after injection, the most at 48 hours, and with some of the remaining cells on 14 day. In the meantime, no pathological damage caused by CIK cells was observed. Conclusion CIK cells have good tropism to the tumor tissue and safety to the normal tissue, and could be used as a promising cell vector for targeted therapy of cancer.

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Clinicopathologic analysis of lung epithelial malignant tumors with epithelioid granuloma:re-port of 11 cases

Xiaoqin JIANG ; Zhenfeng LU ; Shanshan SHI ; Xiaojun ZHOU ; Honglin YIN

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):411-414. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.014

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic changes of the lung epithelial tumor with epithelioid granuloma. Methods E-leven cases of lung malignant tumor with epithelial epithelioid granuloma reaction were studied according to the histological changes of lung epithelial tumor, immunophenotype, acid-fast staining, and tuberculosis PCR test results combined with follow-up data. Results The mean age was 62. 3 years, and male to female ratio was 10∶ 1. The main clinical manifestations displayed a cough, chest pain, fever and hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Nine cases were malignant tumors, tuberculosis or inflammatory lesions was 1 case each in pre-vious surgery. The tumor with epithelioid granuloma formation of the 11 cases displayed in the same site ( mixed) . The histopathologic changes of the lesions showed a epithelioid or typical tuberculous granulomas formation, including 4 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of neuroendocrine tumors. The acid-fast bacilli staining was positive in 3 cases;6 cases were positive for PCR detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. 5 patients died within 2 years due to various causes. Conclusions The lung epithelial tumors with epithelioid granuloma is more commonly found in the middle-aged, The signs and symptoms of the patients are similar to primary epithelial malignant tumors of the lung . The biological behavior was progressive with poor prognosis. The diagnosis of the lesions depends on pathological examination. It is very important to pay more attention to the pathological examination, especially in lung puncture samples, and the differential diagnosis for a definate diagnosis and treatment.

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Effect of valsartan on Notch pathway and extracellular matrix in glomeruli of diabetic mice

Xiaomei WANG ; Yang DING ; Yufeng ZHAO ; Jun HAO ; Feng GAO

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):397-400. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.010

Purpose To investigate effect of valsartan on expression of Notch pathway and production of extracellular matrix. Methods Urine protein and production of extracellular matrix were measured after diabetic mice were treated with valsartan. The levels of Jag-ged1, Notch1, Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TypeⅣcollagen and Laminin were determinated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. Results Valsartan suppressed urine protein and production of extracellular matrix in diabetic mice (P<0. 05). Valsartan also inhibits overexpression of Jagged1, Notch1, NICD1, TGF-β1, Type Ⅳ collagen and Laminin in glomerular tissues of diabetic mice (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Conclusion Valsartan inhibits activa-tion of Notch pathway in glomerular tissues of diabetic mice, inhibits production of extracellular matrix in glomerulus and delays glomer-ulosclerosis.

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Comparison of liver cancer models established by different injection routes of rat L2 hepato-cellular carcinoma cells

Yong LIU ; Hong TANG ; Xia LUO ; Sibei RUAN ; Yuan ZHANG ; Mingxi TANG

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):393-396. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.009

Purpose To compare and investigate the oncogenic and metastatic phenotypes in nude mice by injection of rat hepatocellu-lar carcinoma ( HCC) cells L2 via two different routes. Methods Twenty of 7-week-old female BALB/cA mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. After the injections of L2 from liver or spleen lobe, the survival rate, tumor formation rate, carcinogenic features, and metastasis were comparatively studied. Results All of the liver orthotopic nude mice developed liver cancer (100%) with 60% lung metastasis rate, and exhibited an expansive growing pattern with surrounding invasion. In the spleen orthotopic model, 78% mice de-veloped HCC in spleen, with 67% liver metastatic rate and 11% lung metastatic rate, lower than the liver orthotopic model ( P <0. 05). But the microscopically hilar lymph node metastasis rate was 33%. Conclusion The direct liver injection of L2 in female nude mice is a better modeling method for studying the mechanism of both carcinogenesis and metastasis, as well as the evaluation of therapeutic effect of liver cancer.

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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of NQO1 protein expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma

Yue MA ; Lijuan LIN ; Junjie PIAO ; Huixin LV ; Zhenhua LIN

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):366-370. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.003

Purpose To investigate the prognostic significance of NQO1 protein expression in colorectal carcinoma ( CRC) patients. Methods 192 cases of primary CRC, 28 of colonic dysplasia, and 44 of adjacent non-tumor tissues were selected for immunohisto-chemical staining of NQO1 protein. Correlation between NQO1 overexpression and clinicopathologic characteristics, and the survival rates were calculated by the statistical methods. Results The strongly positive rate of NQO1 protein in CRC was significantly higher than that in gastric dysplasia and adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0. 01, respectively). NQO1 high-expression rate was positively cor-related with differentiation, serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (P <0. 05, respectively). Survival curve showed that the disease-free survival and 5-year survival rates of the patients with high NQO1 expression were obviously shorter than those of patients with low NQO1 expression (P<0. 001, respectively). Further analysis showed that, high expression of NQO1 predic-ted the lower disease-free survival and 5-year survival rates in late-stage patients (P<0. 01, respectively). Importantly, NQO1 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of CRC using Cox proportional hazards regression model ( HR: 1. 398,95%CI: 1. 011 ~1. 934, P=0. 043). Conclusions Detection of NQO1 protein expression in CRC has an important clinical significance, and it is ex-pected to become a new biomarker for CRC.

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Pathological characteristics of loco-regional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Juanjuan YONG ; Qiuliang WU ; Yongsheng ZONG ; Jinghui HOU ; Jianzhong LIANG ; Yaling KUANG ; Shaoyan XI ; Jiabin LU

Chinese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology.2014;(4):389-392. doi:10.13315/j.cnki.cjcep.2014.04.008

Purpose To investigate the pathological characteristics of loco-regional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( rNPC ) . Methods Nasopharyngeal biopsy specimens of 46 rNPCs and 63 primary NPCs were collected. HE staining, immunohistochemistry and EBV small RNAs ( EBERs) in-situ hybridization were performed. Results The over-expression rates of both p63 and CK5/6 in rNPC were significantly higher than those of primary NPCs (P=0. 005, P=0. 026), while no statistical significance of Ki-67 over-ex-pression existed between the two groups ( P=0. 387 ) . More necrotic tissues, inflammatory exudates, giant bizarre carcinoma cells, desmoplastic stroma, giant bizarre tumor cells and higher degree of squamous differentiation were found in rNPCs. The carcinoma cells of 5 rNPCs were negative for both EBERs in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion The loco-re-gional rNPC has two peaks of latency interval:2~5 and 9~11 years. The loco-regional rNPC cells have higher degree of squamous differentiation with higher expression of p63 and CK5/6, as well as more invasive ability. In addition, both EBERs in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunostaining are negative in 10. 87% (5/46) of loco-regional rNPC.

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