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A SIX-YEAR TREND OF YOUTH DEPRESSION IN A HEALTHCARE GROUP IN SINGAPORE

Xiao Wei Tan ; Rajagopalan Arvind ; Eng Sing Lee ; Matthias Paul Han Sim To ; Khai Pang Leong ; Phern Chern Tor ; Daniel Shuen Sheng Fung

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(8):1-8.

Aim: To examine the trend of youth depression diagnosed in a healthcare group in Singapore over a 6-year period. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who had been diagnosed with depression from Jan 2013 to Dec 2018 in a healthcare group in Singapore. The yearly trend of depression diagnosis among the youths (10-24 years of age) was compared with adults (25-64 years of age) and the elderly (≥ 65 years of age). The mean age at diagnosis, distribution of gender, ethnicity and clinical care settings among the subgroup of youth patients were compared across the years using analysis of variance or Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: A total of 4701 youths, 15243 adults and 6908 elderly patients were included in the analysis. Between 2013 and 2018, the rise in depression diagnosis in the youth was greater than in the adult and elderly populations, and the mean age at diagnosis decreased from 49.7 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE) years in 2013 to 39.6 ± 0.3 years in 2018. Among the youths, more females had been diagnosed with depression than males and females displayed a larger increase in diagnosis of depression. There was also a larger increase in the diagnosis of depression in primary care compared to emergency departments, outpatient specialist clinics and in-hospital wards. Conclusion Youth depression is a major health problem in Singapore. There is a need for the expansion of resources in a variety of avenues for depressed youths to seek help.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ACCEPTANCE AND SELF EFFICACY AMONG LIVER CANCER PAKISTANI FEMALE PATIENTS

Maryam Khurshid ; Mamoona Ismail Loona ; Amna Hassan ; Sameena Iqbal ; Sameera Mirza

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(8):1-5.

Introduction: It is agreed all over the world that liver cancer can influence a woman's approach of self-acceptance and self-efficacy. Limited literature addressing levels of self-acceptance and self-efficacy separately among women with liver cancer is available in Pakistani population. Objectives: The aim was to study the role of self-acceptance and self-efficacy among women with liver cancer, and to analyse the influence of socio-personal characteristics of women with their self-efficacy. . Data Source and Settings: To address the objectives, a sample of 60 women (N=60) was selected from different hospitals of Islamabad. Period: The duration of the study was 6 months Methods : The present study made use of the two scales i.e., self-efficacy scale and Self-Acceptance. Clinical group was selected through random sampling to collect data from different hospitals of Islamabad. Results: To determine the psychometric properties; alpha correlation, and t-test analysis and ANOVA were computed. Self-acceptance and self-efficacy was found significantly associated with each other. Results indicated that the low sense of identity as a whole, leads women to be low self-efficacy regarding their abilities in their daily lives. There was also a significant difference in demographic variables on Self-acceptance and self-efficacy. Conclusion It is concluded from the finding of the current study that women suffering from liver cancer demonstrated low level of Self-Acceptance. Several associated factors with self-acceptance and self-efficacy were also found among female liver cancer patients of Islamabad.

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COMPARISON OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY LEVELS OF HOSPITALIZED COVID-19 PATIENTS, INDIVIDUALS UNDER QUARANTINE, AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS OF SOCIETY IN THE PANDEMIC

Senay Akgun ; Makbule Tokur Kesgin ; Humeyra Hancer Tok ; Lutfiye Nur Uzun

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(8):1-11.

Aim : This study aimed to find out which group is most affected by psychological distress during the pandemic and determination of MHL level. Methods: This is cross sectional study. Research sample consisted of 814 voluntary people. The study used descriptive data form, Kessler psychological distress scale and mental health literacy scale. Before the study was conducted, permission was obtained from necessary institutions and then research ethics committee approval was obtained. Also, individuals who were contacted through online platforms were informed about the study and provided informed consent forms by clicking “yes” option which showed their voluntary participation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, and Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. To detect correlations, the correlation and regression analyses were used. Results: The study results showed that 28% of the participants had diagnosable psychological distress (30-50) and individuals who received COVID-19 treatment at hospital had the highest median score (30). The mental health literacy of the participants was low (106) and the lowest scores belonged to individuals under treatment of COVID-19 at hospital. The highest psychological distress was in the Black Sea region and the lowest mental health literacy was in Southeastern Anatolia region. There was a significant very weak positive correlation between psychological distress scale and mental health literacy. Conclusion Individuals who had COVID-19 disease had high psychological distress and low mental health literacy. After the pandemic, the community should be screened for mental illnesses and mental health literacy training should be organized to improve mental health. Nurses need to use their collaborative and advocacy roles regarding mental evaluation, providing consultancy and treatment during nursing care to patients with COVID-19.importance

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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Fazlollah Keshavarzi ; Chia Megan ; Chon Kar Sin ; Chong Chua Wei ; Chong Chun Ming ; Connie Wong Yin Yin

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(8):1-7.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Malaysian university and pre-university students, especially after the shift to online academic activities, following almost one year of experiencing the pandemic Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Malaysian pre-university and university students, nationwide, using perceived stress scale-10 questionnaire and another validated 11-construct questionnaire. Key findings: : The online questionnaires were filled out by 383 Malaysian pre-university and university students. About 40% of the respondents reported moderate to severe level of loneliness and social isolation. There was a significant correlation between suicidal thoughts and the social isolation. The prevalence of moderate to severe suicidal thoughts (14% of the respondents) was more than the reported prevalence before COVID-19 pandemic. The residential state, gender and ethnicity of the respondents did not show an association with depressive and suicidal thoughts of the respondents. Conclusion Loneliness and feeling social isolation were the most prevalent problems, as reported by the students. Suicidal Thoughts are more prevalent, compared to pre-COVID-19 reports. The educators and institution managers must seek for appropriate methods to address the critical condition.

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TRANSLATION OF COPING STRATEGY SCALE INTO URDU LANGUAGE, FAMILY SYSTEM AND AGE WISE DIFFERENCES AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN

Tabassum Latif Abbasi ; Mamoona Ismail Loona

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(8):1-7.

Coping Strategy Scale (CSS) is widely used to measure how individuals cope with various kind of stressors related to infertility, therefore it is necessary to translate coping strategy scale in Urdu language to make it understandable by the Pakistani population. In the present study CSS developed by Schmidt is translated for assessment of coping strategies used by infertile females. 120 infertile females of age range 20-45 were selected to participate in the present study through purposive sampling technique. CSS was translated into Urdu language using the back translation method of Brislin. The alpha reliability coefficient for subscales of CSS Urdu version ranged from 0.62 to 0.83. The CSS Urdu version would be useful for the Pakistani population to find out coping strategies used by infertile females. In future CSS will be useful for researchers working with infertility and psychosocial issues.

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Psychiatric Rehabilitation: A Few Recovery Narratives

TV Vijayan

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(9):1-9. doi:10.54615/2231-7805.47215

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Services (PRS) at National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru provides Recovery Oriented Services (ROSeS) to persons with mental illness which promote recovery beyond the mere alleviation of symptoms. A range of vocational sections (bamboo, candle, bakery, printing, mat weaving, tailoring, computer, plastic molding, weaving, leather, craft, horticulture, domestic skills, arts & recreational activities) are available to choose from. PRS is run by a multidisciplinary team comprising of professionals from psychiatry, psychiatric social work, clinical psychology, psychiatric nursing and vocational instructors (for training persons with mental disabilities and families in various vocations). The main objective of PRS is to encourage and empower persons with mental illness and caregivers to lead an independent, productive and dignified life with help of society, industry, community leaders, governmental and non-governmental agencies. The interventions promote reintegration of clients with mainstream society and improve the quality of life. The stories titled walking the road to recovery, rediscovering happiness, role model supporters, a journey toward wellness, smaller actions mean more than big intentions, and attitudinal barriers in rehabilitation are the recovery narratives of six individuals with mental illness in which they and their caregivers describe how the PRS team provided them with the support needed for recovery. Here the primary focus was on their personal strengths and resources than the deficits and symptoms. However, these narratives are indicative that recovery is possible for most of everyone as it is defined by the individual doing it.

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Autonomous Learning in the Educational Context: A Psychological Perspective

Yrisela Liset Delgado Hernandez ; Oscar Lopez Regalado ; Maria Rosa Calua Cueva ; Juan Pablo Moreno Muro

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(9):1-19.

At present, it is necessary to strengthen the competences in educational agents, from a know how to be, know how to do, know how to act and know how to live together, and enhance autonomous learning in students and teachers. The objective of this paper was to analyze the conceptual, methodological contributions and instruments used in autonomous learning within the educational context from 2017 to 2020. This is a documentary review done in databases such as Scopus, Ebsco, Academic One File and Proquest. The Prism diagram was used to define the inclusion and exclusion criteria taking into consideration authors, date of publication, definition, approach, type and design, instrument and conceptual contributions; exclusion criteria were duplication, publication date, language, title and abstract and full text. The population was 1001 documents; and the sample selected for the research, 25 scientific articles. Most authors agree on the conceptualization of autonomous learning. The qualitative approach, with non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive designs, is predominant; and the documentary guide and questionnaires are the most frequently used instruments. Autonomous learning is the student´s ability to be the main character of his (her) own action; to achieve it, he (she) has to comply with internal and external demands, and its development will depend on the attitude and commitment of the educational agents.

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Determination of Hedonic Hunger in the Elderly: CASE of Turkey

Pelin Uymaz ; Ceren Sarahman Kahraman ; Nurcan Yabancı Ayhan

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(9):1-11.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine hedonic hunger and affactin factors in Turkish elderly people. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional research data collected face-to-face from 65 year and older 669 elderlies live in Alanya with ≥ 25 SMMSE score. Findings: MNA showed that 60.9% of men and 50.1% of women had normal nutritional status. Nutritional habits, physical activities, existing chronic diseases and medications of the elderly may affect their hedonic which increase the consumption quantity and tendency to delicious food with high fat, sugar and energy, and excite chronic diseases. Practice Implications Nurses who detect malnutrition in the elderly need to refer the elderly to the relevant physician and dietitian in order to investigate the risk factors and take the necessary precautions, and they must exhibit a multidisciplinary solution approach.

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The Effectiveness of a Program Based on Rational Emotional Behavioural Counselling to Reduce the Learned Helplessness of the Physically Disabled in Riyadh

Muna Bint Saqr Al-Damikh ; Yahya bin Mubarak Khatatbah

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(9):1-22.

The present study aimed to find out the effectiveness of a program based on rational emotional behavioural counselling in reducing the learned helplessness of the physically disabled in Riyadh. The researchers used the quasi-experimental approach based on the experimental design. Moreover, the study relied on two tools, namely, the Learned Helplessness Scale, prepared by Quinless et al. translated by the researchers, and a rational, emotional, behavioural, counselling program. The study sample included 20 young people with motor disabilities, equally divided into two main groups, namely, (experimental and control). Their ages ranged between (20-30) years. Moreover, the results of this study reflected that there were obvious statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control group members in the level of learned helplessness, after applying the program sessions based on rational, emotional, behavioural counselling. Such differences were related to and in favour of the experimental group. It was also found that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the level of learned helplessness, before and after the application of the program based on rational, emotional, behavioural counselling. These differences were in favour of the post-test. Finally, the results reflected the existence of statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the learned helplessness between the two tests; the post-test and the Follow-up test, of the program based on rational, emotional and behavioural counselling. These differences were in favour of the Follow-up application.

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Sexual Sadism towards a Minor and Diogenes Syndrome with the Hiding of a Cadaver

Dr. Bernat-N. Tiffon ; Dr. Jorge Gonzalez Fernandez

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry.2021;22(9):1-8. doi:10.54615/2231-7805.47219

A case of sexual assault and murder of a minor perpetrated by a subject who kept the body hidden for more than a year in his own home is illustrated, with waste of all kinds and configuring a pathological personality profile of Syndrome of Diogenes.

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