Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):243-243. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.243
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Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
2003 to Present ISSN: 1738-1088
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Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):240-242. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.240
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathological response to trauma characterized by frequent recollections, recurrent nightmares, and flashbacks of the traumatic event(s). To date, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of PTSD remain unknown. Several studies have suggested that antiepileptic drugs, such as gabapentin and lamotrigine, may be effective in the treatment of PTSD symptoms. We report on a 15-year-old Japanese female junior high school student who developed PTSD symptoms following repeated teasing from male classmates. Additionally, we underscore the beneficial effects of treatment with gabapentin and lamotrigine on flashbacks and nightmares. This patient developed PTSD symptoms after repeated teasing from male classmates at school. Her flashbacks and nightmares were treated with a combination of gabapentin and lamotrigine. After recovery, treatment with lamotrigine alone controlled her symptoms. Our observations suggest that a process of sensitization may be involved in the development of PTSD symptoms. Additionally, gabapentin and/or lamotrigine were effective in the treatment of flashbacks and nightmares in this patient. Thus, doctors should consider using these anti-epileptic drugs as an alternative approach to treating PTSD symptoms.
Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dreams ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*
Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dreams ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*
Adolescent with Tourette Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):235-239. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.235
Tourette syndrome consists of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics. Psychopathology occurs in approximately 90% of Tourette syndrome patients, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity, mood, and obsessive-compulsive disorders being common. Additionally, Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder may be related in some individuals. However, it is unclear why bipolar disorder may be overrepresented in Tourette syndrome patients, and more research is needed. Herein, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder, whose symptoms improved with aripiprazole, atomoxetine, and valproate. The patient was diagnosed with Tourette syndrome at 8 years of age when he developed tics and experienced his first depressive episode. The patient had a poor response to a variety of antidepressants and anti-tic medications. A combination of valproate and aripiprazole stabilized both the patient's tics and mood symptoms. It is important to assess individuals with Tourette syndrome for other disorders, including bipolar disorder. The treatment of children and adolescents with both Tourette syndrome and bipolar disorder is an important clinical issue.
Adolescent* ; Antidepressive Agents ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Psychopathology ; Tics ; Tourette Syndrome* ; Valproic Acid ; Aripiprazole ; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
Adolescent* ; Antidepressive Agents ; Bipolar Disorder* ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ; Psychopathology ; Tics ; Tourette Syndrome* ; Valproic Acid ; Aripiprazole ; Atomoxetine Hydrochloride
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):229-234. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.229
OBJECTIVE: Many studies suggest an association between the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) in healthy subjects. This study investigated the interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype on body dissatisfaction by neuroticism and to evaluate the interaction of 5-HTTLPR genotype on self-esteem by body dissatisfaction in a young adult Korean population. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty three subjects were included in this study. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Korean version was used to evaluate neuroticism, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination-Self Report (BDDE-SR)-Korean version was used to evaluate body dissatisfaction, and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES)-Korean version was used to evaluate self-esteem. The 5-HTTLPR genotype by neuroticism (high : low) interaction was assessed according to the total BDDE-SR score, and 5-HTTLPR genotype by BDDE-SR (high : low) interaction was assessed according to the total SES score. RESULTS: The analysis of 5-HTTLPR genotype and neuroticism (high : low) with respect to body dissatisfaction showed no main effects of genotype whereas neuroticism did influence the BDDE-SR score and no interaction of the genotype with neuroticism. The analysis of 5-HTTLPR genotype and BDDE-SR (high : low) with respect to self-esteem score showed no main effects of genotype whereas BDDE-SR did influence the self-esteem score and no interaction of the genotype with body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that an interaction between 5-HTTPLR genotype and neuroticism does not affect body dissatisfaction and an interaction between 5-HTTPLR genotype and body dissatisfaction does not affect self-esteem in a young adult Korean population.
Body Dysmorphic Disorders ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Young Adult*
Body Dysmorphic Disorders ; Genotype* ; Humans ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Young Adult*
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):222-228. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.222
OBJECTIVE: A randomized double-blind cross-over trial was conducted in patients with persistent auditory hallucinations (AHs) to investigate whether bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at the temporoparietal area or Broca's area is more effective at high- or low-frequencies compared to a sham condition. METHODS: Twenty three patients with persistent AHs who remained stable on the same medication for 2 months were enrolled. They were randomized to one of four conditions: low-frequency (1 Hz)-rTMS to the temporoparietal area (L-TP), high-frequency (20 Hz)-rTMS to the temporoparietal area (H-TP), high-frequency (20 Hz)-rTMS to Broca's area (H-B), or sham. RESULTS: All the four rTMS conditions resulted in significant decrease in the scores under the auditory hallucination rating scale and hallucination change scale over time. However, there were no significant treatment effects or interaction between time and treatment, suggesting no superior effects of the new paradigms over the sham condition. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that bilateral rTMS at the temporoparietal area or Broca's area with high- or low-frequency does not produce superior effects in reducing AHs compared to sham stimulation.
Cross-Over Studies* ; Frontal Lobe ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*
Cross-Over Studies* ; Frontal Lobe ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Schizophrenia* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):218-221. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.218
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between paranoia symptoms and underlying prefrontal cortex mechanisms among healthy subjects was analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: Seventy-eight healthy subjects were assessed for paranoia symptoms using the Japanese version of the Paranoia Checklist. Changes in hemoglobin concentrations were assessed using 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy on the surface of the prefrontal cortex while subjects performed a verbal fluency test. RESULTS: Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency test did not correlate with the Japanese version of the Paranoia Checklist. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the symptoms of paranoia do not negatively affect the prefrontal cortex function among healthy subjects.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Checklist ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Paranoid Disorders* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Checklist ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Paranoid Disorders* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):215-217. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.215
OBJECTIVE: This open-label study examined the effects of ramelteon on cognitive functions in 10 outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Ramelteon (8 mg/day) was administered to 10 patients with schizophrenia for six months. The verbal fluency test, Trail-Making Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Stroop Test, the Digit Span Distraction Test, Iowa Gambling Task, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after treatment with ramelteon. RESULTS: Ramelteon improved significantly the scores of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Additionally, ramelteon exerted improvements in the verbal fluency and Iowa Gambling Task in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Ramelteon could be a potential therapeutic drug, in adjunctive treatment of learning and memory deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia.
Gambling ; Humans ; Iowa ; Learning ; Memory Disorders ; Outpatients ; Schizophrenia* ; Stroop Test ; Verbal Learning ; Wisconsin
Gambling ; Humans ; Iowa ; Learning ; Memory Disorders ; Outpatients ; Schizophrenia* ; Stroop Test ; Verbal Learning ; Wisconsin
Regulation of Interleukin-6 and Leptin in Schizophrenia Patients: A Preliminary Analysis.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):209-214. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.209
OBJECTIVE: Immune-inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in brain signaling and have been increasingly associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many studies have indicated an increased level of immune-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in schizophrenia. IL-6 is a well-known chief stimulator of inflammation. Of late leptin has also been implicated in the inflammatory pathway of schizophrenia. In this study we measured and compared serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in patients with schizophrenia to healthy controls, and investigated the relationship between IL-6 and leptin. METHODS: Serum IL-6 and leptin were determined in 20 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and in 19 healthy controls matched by gender, age and body mass index (BMI) using commercial Bioplex assays. RESULTS: Using Mann-Whitney U-test, significantly increased IL-6 levels were found in the patients but there was no significant difference in leptin levels though a trend towards higher leptin was observed in the patients. Spearman correlations did not show any correlation between IL-6 and clinical variables except antipsychotic dosage. Leptin significantly correlated with gender and BMI. A large effect size correlation was observed between IL-6 and leptin in the patients but not in the controls. Multiple regression analysis performed on patients, after adjusting for gender and BMI, revealed there was no significant association between IL-6 and leptin. CONCLUSION: IL-6 and leptin levels may reflect the chronic inflammatory state associated with schizophrenia but further evaluation is required. Also, it is important to consider the confounding effects of obesity in any examination of relationships between groups with regard to cytokines and adipokines.
Adipokines ; Body Mass Index ; Brain ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6* ; Leptin* ; Obesity ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*
Adipokines ; Body Mass Index ; Brain ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6* ; Leptin* ; Obesity ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*
Executive Dysfunction among Children with Antipsychotic Treated Schizophrenia.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):203-208. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.203
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the executive function among adolescents with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia in Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study with control group. Case was defined as adolescents with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia without any mental retardation or other physical illnesses (n=45). The control group consisted of healthy and age-matched adolescents (n=135). Executive function is determined by using Indonesian version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-Indonesian version). We used SPSS 16.0 program for windows to calculate the prevalence risk ratio (PRR) and set up the p value <0.05. RESULTS: Mean of age was 16.27 (standard deviation 1.86) year-old. Most of the case group (95%) has been treated with atypical antipsychotic such as risperidone, aripipripazole, olanzapine, and clozapine. Duration of having antipsychotic medication was ranged from one to 36 months. Adolescents with antipsychotic treated-schizophrenia had higher BRIEF T-score, except for inhibit scale, shift scale and behavior regulation index. The prevalence risk ratio on several clinical scales were higher in children with antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia compared to control group, such as on emotional state (PRR=7.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.38-23.15), initiate scale (PRR=6.32, 95% CI=2.51-15.95), monitor scale (PRR=8.11, 95% CI=2.0-32.86), and behavior regulation index (PRR=4.09, 95% CI=1.05-15.98). CONCLUSION: In general, the results showed that adolescents with atypical antipsychotic treated-schizophrenia had higher BRIEF T-score compared, and comparable with their normal group control.
Adolescent ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Child* ; Clozapine ; Executive Function ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Intellectual Disability ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia* ; Schizophrenia, Childhood ; Weights and Measures
Adolescent ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Child* ; Clozapine ; Executive Function ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Intellectual Disability ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia* ; Schizophrenia, Childhood ; Weights and Measures
Serotonin and Mental Disorders: A Concise Review on Molecular Neuroimaging Evidence.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2014;12(3):196-202. doi:10.9758/cpn.2014.12.3.196
Serotonin is one of the most important neurotransmitters influencing mental health and, thus, is a potential target for pharmaco-logical treatments. Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), could provide persuasive evidence for the association between mental disorders and serotonin. In this concise review, we focus on evidence of the links between serotonin and major depressive disorders, as well as other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, addiction, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism.
Anxiety Disorders ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Autistic Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Mental Disorders* ; Mental Health ; Mood Disorders ; Neuroimaging* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
Anxiety Disorders ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Autistic Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Mental Disorders* ; Mental Health ; Mood Disorders ; Neuroimaging* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology
ElectronicLinks
http://www.cpn.or.kr/Editor-in-chief
Young-Chul Chung
secretariat@kcnp.or.kr
Abbreviation
Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci
Vernacular Journal Title
ISSN
1738-1088
EISSN
2093-4327
Year Approved
2012
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
2003
Description
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