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Intestinal rupture due to small bowel volvulus in a captive American black bear (Ursus americanus).

Kyoo Tae KIM ; Seung Hun LEE ; Dongmi KWAK

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):201-203. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.201

Intestinal rupture caused by small bowel volvulus was diagnosed in a captive 13-year-old male American black bear. The animal presented with decreased appetite, depression, lethargy, and mild abdominal distention for 3 days. The animal was treated with antibiotics, hypermetabolites, and digestive medicine daily; however, it died on the third day of treatment. The clinical symptoms included hemorrhagic ascites, gaseous extension of the small intestine, and intestinal rupture caused by small bowel volvulus. Hemorrhagic signs were observed in the lungs and heart. This is the first case to describe small bowel volvulus in mammals of the family Ursidae.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Appetite ; Ascites ; Depression ; Heart ; Humans ; Intestinal Volvulus* ; Intestine, Small ; Lethargy ; Lung ; Male ; Mammals ; Rupture* ; Ursidae*

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Congenital mitral valve stenosis in a Chinchilla cat.

Ta Li LU ; Yong Wei HUNG ; Ran CHOI ; Changbaig HYUN

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):197-200. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.197

A one-year-old, 3.25 kg intact male Chinchilla cat presented with acute right hind limb paralysis. Diagnostic imaging studies found cardiomegaly with interstitial lung pattern, abnormal mitral valve leaflets without maximum opening at the end of the ventricular diastole and during atrial systole and severe mitral inflow obstruction. Based on these findings and its young age, the case was diagnosed as congenital mitral valve stenosis. Treatment was directed to stabilize clinical conditions related to heart failure, to prevent further formation of thrombus and to relieve pain associated with thromboembolism. After one month of therapy, hind limb motor function was fully recovered.
Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; Cats* ; Chinchilla* ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Diastole ; Extremities ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Male ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Mitral Valve* ; Paralysis ; Systole ; Thromboembolism ; Thrombosis

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Persistent left cranial vena cava with congenital heart defect in two dogs.

Yawon HWANG ; Hyejong OH ; Dongwoo CHANG ; Gonhyung KIM

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):193-195. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.193

The purpose of this report is to introduce persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) with persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Case 1 was a Cocker Spaniel with PRAA and case 2 was a Maltese with PDA. PLCVC was enclosed at the sites of PRAA and PDA surgery; therefore, it was lifted dorsally during PDA and PRAA surgery. Surgery to repair congenital heart defects including PRAA and PDA is recommended for dogs that do not die of PLCVC at a young age.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Dogs* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Thoracotomy

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Correlations in the results of virus neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine infectious bronchitis virus vaccine potency.

Mi Ja PARK ; Seong Joon JOH ; Kang Seuk CHOI ; Aeran KIM ; Min Goo SEO ; Jae Young SONG ; Seon Jong YUN

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):189-192. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.189

The virus neutralization (VN) test was used to determine potency of the infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine. The results of VN, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared with those of the IBV M41. The r² values between VN and HI titers and the ELISA antibody titer were 0.8782 and 0.0336, respectively, indicating a high correlation between VN and HI, but not VN and ELISA. The Cohen's kappa coefficient between the VN titer of 2 log₁₀ and HI titer of 5 log₂ was 0.909. Our results showed that VN could be replaced with HI for testing the potency of IBV M41.
Bronchitis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests* ; Hemagglutination* ; Infectious bronchitis virus* ; Neutralization Tests* ; Vaccine Potency*

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Fermented antler extract enhances the viability and interleukin-12 production of spleen cells.

Hye Yeoul YANG ; Youngsu KIM ; Hong Gu JOO

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2016;56(3):183-187. doi:10.14405/kjvr.2016.56.3.183

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.
Animals ; Antlers* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cell Death ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunomodulation ; Interleukin-12* ; Lymphocytes ; Spleen* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

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Isolation of novel bovine parainfluenza virus type 5 (bPIV5) and its incidence in Korean cattle.

Dong Kun YANG ; Jin Ju NAH ; Ha Hyun KIM ; Sung Suk CHOI ; You Chan BAE ; Jung Won PARK ; Jae Young SONG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(2):107-112.

Four viruses showing cytopathic effects in MDBK cells were isolated from brains of cattle showing downer cattle syndrome in 2012. The isolates were confirmed to belong to the genus Rubulavirus of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. Isolate QIA-B1201 had the ability to hemagglutinate red blood cells from several species of animals and was capable of adsorbing guinea pig erythrocytes on the surface of infected Vero cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that two isolates (QIA-B1201 and QIA-B1204) had high similarity with other human and animal PIV5 isolates ranging from 98.1 to 99.8%. The highest sequence similarity of the two isolates corresponded to strain KNU-11 (99.8% at the nucleotide and amino acid level) isolated from suckling piglets in Korea in 2012. To evaluate the virulence of strain QIA-B1201, we inoculated bPIV5 into 5 week-old mice via both the intraperitoneal and intracranial route. Body weight was not significantly altered in mice inoculated with QIA-B1201. In this study, we isolated and characterized novel bPIV5s from brain samples showing downer cattle syndrome, but were not able to elucidate the pathogenicity of the bPIV5s in mice.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Body Weight ; Brain ; Cattle* ; Erythrocytes ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Mice ; Parainfluenza Virus 5 ; Paramyxoviridae Infections* ; Paramyxovirinae ; Rubulavirus ; Vero Cells ; Virulence

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A survey of the use of veterinary anesthetics in Korea.

Jae Won LEE ; Jeong Ik LEE ; Yoon Ju CHO ; Young Ah LEE ; Jong In KIM ; Bo Ram HWANG ; Hyung Joon KIM ; Hyunjhung JHUN ; Jin Soo HAN

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(2):101-105.

This study was conducted to investigate actual conditions associated with veterinary anesthetic drug use in Korea, and to obtain responses from Korean veterinarians and researchers pertaining to the use of anesthetic drugs. To accomplish this, a nationwide survey was issued to veterinarians working at animal hospitals and to researchers in the Korean Association for Laboratory Animal Science (KALAS). A self-administered questionnaire-based survey was then conducted in which respondents were asked questions about actual conditions associated with the use of animal anesthetic drugs. The survey revealed that the distribution and management of animal medicines in Korea was quite vulnerable to misuse or abuse due to a variety of factors. Therefore, a relevant regulatory system should be strictly enforced to protect vulnerable individuals from abuse or misuse.
Anesthetics* ; Animals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Hospitals, Animal ; Humans ; Korea ; Laboratory Animal Science ; Prescription Drug Misuse ; Research Personnel ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Veterinarians

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Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and application of RFLP for epidemiological monitoring of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from dogs and humans in Korea.

Hyun Ho CHO ; Sang Hyun KIM ; Wongi MIN ; Bok Kyung KU ; Jong Hyun KIM ; Yong Hwan KIM

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(2):91-99.

An antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted to compare the resistance rates among Campylobacter spp. isolates from dogs (n = 50) raised under diverse conditions and humans (n = 50). More than 60% of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni from dogs and humans showed resistance to nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. C. jejuni isolates from humans showed higher resistance to tetracycline (83.3%) and ampicillin (91.3%) than those from dogs. None of the C. jejuni or Campylobacter coli isolates from humans or dogs were resistant to erythromycin. Overall, 85% of Campylobacter spp. isolates showed a multidrug resistant phenotype. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the gryA gene showed that 100% of NA(R)/CIP(R) C. jejuni isolates from dogs and humans had the Thr-86th-Ile mutation, which is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. flaA PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing to differentiate the isolates below the species level revealed 12 different clusters out of 73 strains. The human isolates belonged to eight different RFLP clusters, while five clusters contained dog and human isolates.
Ampicillin ; Animals ; Campylobacter coli ; Campylobacter* ; Ciprofloxacin ; DNA Gyrase ; Dogs* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Epidemiological Monitoring* ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Korea ; Nalidixic Acid ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Tetracycline

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Bartonella henselase infection in stray cats of the Daejeon City, Korea.

Hyung Jin PARK ; Sang Eun LEE ; Sung Hee HONG ; Won Ja LEE ; Kyoung Won SEO ; Kun Ho SONG

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(2):87-89.

In this study, the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii and Bartonella (B.) henselae infection among stray cats in Daejeon City, Korea was surveyed. A total of seven samples were positive (7/118, 5.93%) for T. gondii including three samples from female cats (3/58, 5.2%) and four samples from male cats (4/60, 6.7%). There was no significant difference between the genders. A total 22 samples (22/118, 18.6%) were positive for B. henselae; nine were from females and 13 were from males. There was no significant difference between genders. Nineteen samples had a titer of 1 : 50, two samples had a titer of 1 : 100, and one sample had a titer of 1 : 200. The present study is the first to use serological tests to analyze B. henselae prevalence among stray cats in Korea.
Animals ; Bartonella henselae ; Bartonella* ; Cats* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Prevalence ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Serologic Tests ; Toxoplasma*

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Trends in antimicrobial sales for livestock and fisheries in Korea during 2003-2012.

Suk Kyung LIM ; Jeong Eun LEE ; Hye Sook LEE ; Hyang Mi NAM ; Dong Chan MOON ; Geum Chan JANG ; Yeon Ju PARK ; Yun Gu JUNG ; Suk Chan JUNG ; Sung Hwan WEE

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014;54(2):81-86.

In this study, trends in the sales of antimicrobials for use in livestock facilities and fisheries from 2003 to 2012 were investigated with regard to antimicrobial group, antimicrobial usage, and animal species. The overall amount of antimicrobials sold each year from 2003 to 2007 was 1,500 tons, after which they decreased, with the lowest sales being 936 tons in 2012. The total volume of antimicrobials used for feed additives decreased markedly by 94% from 2003 to 2012, which was mainly attributed to banning of feed additives. However, antimicrobial consumption through self prescription by farmers for disease prevention and treatment increased by 25% from 2003 to 2012. The largest volume of antimicrobials sold was for use in pigs (48~57%), followed by poultry (18~24%), fisheries (11~25%), and cattle (5~8%). Tetracycline was the highest selling antimicrobial, followed by penicillins and sulfonamides, although the overall sale of all three antimicrobials gradually decreased over the study period. This study demonstrated that the total consumption of antimicrobials has gradually decreased since 2008. Nevertheless, usage by nonprofessionals increased, which can ultimately cause emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, early establishment of veterinary prescription guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials is urgently needed in Korea.
Animals ; Cattle ; Commerce* ; Fisheries* ; Korea ; Livestock* ; Penicillins ; Poultry ; Prescriptions ; Sulfonamides ; Swine ; Tetracycline

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