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Facial profile parameters and their relative influence on bilabial prominence and the perceptions of facial profile attractiveness: A novel approach.

Erin Stewart DENIZE ; Fraser MCDONALD ; Martyn SHERRIFF ; Farhad B NAINI

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2014;44(4):184-194. doi:10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.184

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative importance of bilabial prominence in relation to other facial profile parameters in a normal population. METHODS: Profile stimulus images of 38 individuals (28 female and 10 male; ages 19-25 years) were shown to an unrelated group of first-year students (n = 42; ages 18-24 years). The images were individually viewed on a 17-inch monitor. The observers received standardized instructions before viewing. A six-question questionnaire was completed using a Likert-type scale. The responses were analyzed by ordered logistic regression to identify associations between profile characteristics and observer preferences. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select variables that explained observer preferences most accurately. RESULTS: Nasal, bilabial, and chin prominences; the nasofrontal angle; and lip curls had the greatest effect on overall profile attractiveness perceptions. The lip-chin-throat angle and upper lip curl had the greatest effect on forehead prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle (particularly the lower component), and mentolabial angle had the greatest effect on nasal prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, chin prominence, and submental length had the greatest effect on lip prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and submental length had the greatest effect on chin prominence perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: More prominent lips, within normal limits, may be considered more attractive in the profile view. Profile parameters have a greater influence on their neighboring aesthetic units but indirectly influence related profile parameters, endorsing the importance of achieving an aesthetic balance between relative prominences of all aesthetic units of the facial profile.
Chin ; Female ; Forehead ; Humans ; Lip ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Geometrical design characteristics of orthodontic mini-implants predicting maximum insertion torque.

Visnja KATIC ; Ervin KAMENAR ; David BLAZEVIC ; Stjepan SPALJ

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2014;44(4):177-183. doi:10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.177

OBJECTIVE: To determine the unique contribution of geometrical design characteristics of orthodontic mini-implants on maximum insertion torque while controlling for the influence of cortical bone thickness. METHODS: Total number of 100 cylindrical orthodontic mini-implants was used. Geometrical design characteristics of ten specimens of ten types of cylindrical self-drilling orthodontic mini-implants (Ortho Easy(R), Aarhus, and Dual Top(TM)) with diameters ranging from 1.4 to 2.0 mm and lengths of 6 and 8 mm were measured. Maximum insertion torque was recorded during manual insertion of mini-implants into bone samples. Cortical bone thickness was measured. Retrieved data were analyzed in a multiple regression model. RESULTS: Significant predictors for higher maximum insertion torque included larger outer diameter of implant, higher lead angle of thread, and thicker cortical bone, and their unique contribution to maximum insertion torque was 12.3%, 10.7%, and 24.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum insertion torque values are best controlled by choosing an implant diameter and lead angle according to the assessed thickness of cortical bone.
Torque*

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Randomized controlled clinical trial of oral health-related quality of life in patients wearing conventional and self-ligating brackets.

Siti Adibah OTHMAN ; Noorhanizar MANSOR ; Roslan SAUB

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2014;44(4):168-176. doi:10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.168

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients treated with conventional, active self-ligating (ASL), and passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets in different therapeutic phases. METHODS: Sixty patients (mean age 18.3 years; 29 males and 31 females) requiring orthodontic treatment were randomly and equally assigned to receive conventional (Victory Series), ASL (In-Ovation R), or PSL (Damon 3MX) brackets. OHRQoL was measured with a self-administered modified 16-item Malaysian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for immediate (soon after the visit) and late (just before the subsequent visit) assessments of the bonding and activation phases. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The PSL and ASL groups showed more immediate and late impacts in the bonding phase, respectively; the conventional group was affected in both the assessments. The first activation phase had similar impacts in the groups. After the second activation, the conventional group showed more immediate impacts, whereas the PSL and ASL groups had more late impacts. The commonly affected domains were "physical disability," "functional limitation," "physical pain," and "psychological discomfort." No significant differences in the prevalence and severity of immediate and late impacts on OHRQoL of the patients were noted in any therapeutic phase. CONCLUSIONS: No bracket system seems to ensure superior OHRQoL. This information could be useful for explaining the therapeutic phases, especially the initial one, and selecting the optimal bracket system based on the patient's preference.
Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Quality of Life*

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Comparison of frictional forces between aesthetic orthodontic coated wires and self-ligation brackets.

Yunmi KIM ; Jung Yul CHA ; Chung Ju HWANG ; Hyung Seog YU ; Seon Gun TAHK

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2014;44(4):157-167. doi:10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.157

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of polymer- and rhodium-coated wires compared to uncoated wires by measuring the frictional forces using self-ligation brackets. METHODS: 0.016-inch nickel titanium (NiTi) wires and 0.017 x 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS) wires were used, and the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to 0degrees, 5degrees, and 10degrees. Upper maxillary premolar brackets (Clippy-C(R)) with a 0.022-inch slot were selected for the study and a tensile test was performed with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The maximum static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The maximum static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces of coated wires were equal to or higher than those of the uncoated wires (p < 0.05). The maximum static frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were significantly higher than those of polymer-coated wires when the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to (i) 5degrees in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires and (ii) all angulations in the 0.017 x 0.025-inch SS wires (p < 0.05). The kinetic frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were higher than those of polymer-coated wires, except when the angulations were set to 0degrees in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the frictional forces of the coated wires with regards to aesthetics were equal to or greater than those of the uncoated wires, a study under similar conditions regarding the oral cavity is needed in order to establish the clinical implications.
Bicuspid ; Esthetics ; Friction* ; Mouth ; Nickel ; Stainless Steel ; Titanium

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Reader's Forum.

Haerin SHIN

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2014;44(4):155-156. doi:10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.155

No abstract available.

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Multidisciplinary correction of anterior open bite relapse and upper airway obstruction.

Antonio GRACCO ; Alessandro PERRI ; Laura SIVIERO ; Giulio Alessandri BONETTI ; Francesco COCILOVO ; Edoardo STELLINI

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2015;45(1):47-56. doi:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.47

A 27-year-old man presented an anterior open bite relapse. He had low tongue posture positioned anteriorly at rest and during swallowing and reported chronic difficulty in nose breathing. Head cone-beam computed tomography revealed nasal septum deviation, right turbinate hypertrophy, and left maxillary sinus congestion, which were thought to contribute to the breathing problem, encourage the improper tongue posture, and thereby cause the relapse. Multidisciplinary treatment involving an otorhinolaryngologist, an orthodontist, and a periodontist resolved the upper airway obstruction and corrected the malocclusion. The follow-up examination after 3 years 5 months demonstrated stable results.
Adult ; Airway Obstruction* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Deglutition ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Malocclusion ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Septum ; Nose ; Open Bite* ; Posture ; Recurrence* ; Respiration ; Tongue ; Turbinates

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Early treatment of anterior open bite: Comparison of the vertical and horizontal morphological changes induced by magnetic bite-blocks and adjusted rapid molar intruders.

Mhd Hassan ALBOGHA ; Ichiro TAKAHASHI ; Mhd Naser SAWAN

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2015;45(1):38-46. doi:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.38

OBJECTIVE: This prospective clinical study aims to determine the differences between two treatment modalities for anterior open bite in growing patients. The treatment modalities involved the use of magnetic bite-blocks (MBBs) or rapid molar intruders (RMIs) applied with posterior bite-blocks. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with a mean age of 11.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.6) years and a mean open bite of -3.9 mm were treated with MBBs. Another 15 consecutive patients with a mean age of 10.9 (SD = 1.8) years and a mean open bite of -3.8 mm were treated with RMIs applied on bite-blocks. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained before (T1) and immediately after appliance removal (T2). The treatments lasted four months, during which the appliances were cemented to the teeth. The morphological changes were measured in each group and compared using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The MBB group exhibited significantly greater decreases in SNA angle, ANB angle, overjet, and maxillary incisor angle (p < 0.05). The MBBs induced greater effects on the maxilla and maxillary dentition. The MBBs restrained maxillary forward growth and retracted the maxillary incisors more effectively than did the RMIs. Consequently, changes in the intermaxillary relationships and overjets were more distinct in the MBB group. CONCLUSIONS: The anteroposterior differences between the appliances suggest that MBBs should be preferred for the treatment of patients with Class II open bites and maxillary incisor protrusions.
Dentition ; Humans ; Incisor ; Logistic Models ; Maxilla ; Molar* ; Open Bite* ; Overbite ; Prospective Studies ; Tooth

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Comparison of the frictional characteristics of aesthetic orthodontic brackets measured using a modified in vitro technique.

Nursel ARICI ; Berat Serdar AKDENIZ ; Selim ARICI

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2015;45(1):29-37. doi:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.29

OBJECTIVE: The coefficients of friction (COFs) of aesthetic ceramic and stainless steel brackets used in conjunction with stainless steel archwires were investigated using a modified linear tribometer and special computer software, and the effects of the bracket slot size (0.018 inches [in] or 0.022 in) and materials (ceramic or metal) on the COF were determined. METHODS: Four types of ceramic (one with a stainless steel slot) and one conventional stainless steel bracket were tested with two types of archwire sizes: a 0.017 x 0.025-in wire in the 0.018-in slots and a 0.019 x 0.025-in wire in the 0.022-in slot brackets. For pairwise comparisons between the 0.018-in and 0.022-in slot sizes in the same bracket, an independent sample t-test was used. One-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test at the 95% confidence level (alpha = 0.05) were also used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the 0.022-in and 0.018-in slot sizes for the same brand of bracket. ANOVA also showed that both slot size and bracket slot material had significant effects on COF values (p < 0.001). The ceramic bracket with a 0.022-in stainless steel slot showed the lowest mean COF (micro = 0.18), followed by the conventional stainless steel bracket with a 0.022-in slot (micro = 0.21). The monocrystalline alumina ceramic bracket with a 0.018-in slot had the highest COF (micro = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Brackets with stainless steel slots exhibit lower COFs than ceramic slot brackets. All brackets show lower COFs as the slot size increases.
Aluminum Oxide ; Ceramics ; Friction* ; Orthodontic Brackets* ; Stainless Steel

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Distalization pattern of whole maxillary dentition according to force application points.

Eui Hyang SUNG ; Sung Jin KIM ; Youn Sic CHUN ; Young Chel PARK ; Hyung Seog YU ; Kee Joon LEE

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2015;45(1):20-28. doi:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.20

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe stress distribution and displacement patterns of the entire maxillary arch with regard to distalizing force vectors applied from interdental miniscrews. METHODS: A standard three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate the maxillary teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar process. The displacement of each tooth was calculated on x, y, and z axes, and the von Mises stress distribution was visualized using color-coded scales. RESULTS: A single distalizing force at the archwire level induced lingual inclination of the anterior segment, and slight intrusive distal tipping of the posterior segment. In contrast, force at the high level of the retraction hook resulted in lingual root movement of the anterior segment, and extrusive distal translation of the posterior segment. As the force application point was located posteriorly along the archwire, the likelihood of extrusive lingual inclination of the anterior segment increased, and the vertical component of the force led to intrusion and buccal tipping of the posterior segment. Rotation of the occlusal plane was dependent on the relationship between the line of force and the possible center of resistance of the entire arch. CONCLUSIONS: Displacement of the entire arch may be dictated by a direct relationship between the center of resistance of the whole arch and the line of action generated between the miniscrews and force application points at the archwire, which makes the total arch movement highly predictable.
Alveolar Process ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition* ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth ; Weights and Measures

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Maxillary molar derotation and distalization by using a nickel-titanium wire fabricated on a setup model.

Jong Moon JUNG ; Young Joo WI ; Hyun Mo KOO ; Min Ji KIM ; Youn Sic CHUN

The Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2017;47(4):268-274. doi:10.4041/kjod.2017.47.4.268

The purpose of this article is to introduce a simple appliance that uses a setup model and a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire for correcting the mesial rotation and drift of the permanent maxillary first molar. The technique involves bonding a Ni-Ti wire to the proper position of the target tooth on a setup model, followed by the fabrication of the transfer cap for indirect bonding and its transfer to the patient's teeth. This appliance causes less discomfort and provides better oral hygiene for the patients than do conventional appliances such as the bracket, pendulum, and distal jet. The treatment time is also shorter with the new appliance than with full-fixed appliances. Moreover, the applicability of the new appliance can be expanded to many cases by using screws or splinting with adjacent teeth to improve anchorage.
Humans ; Molar* ; Oral Hygiene ; Splints ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

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