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A Study on Health Behavior and Quality of Life of Married Immigrant Women.

Min Sook SEO ; Kyung Sook PARK ; Hyung Moo PARK ; Hyun Ok PARK

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):112-121. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.112

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the factor influencing the quality of life of married immigrant women in Korea. METHODS: The subjects included 169 married immigrant women from 3 cities. Data collection was conducted by using 33 questionnaires. The SPSS/WIN 18.0 program was also used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression were all conducted. RESULTS: The results indicated that the general influencing factors related to the quality of life of married immigrant women are age, education career, nationality, family type, menopause, exercise, salt intake and social support. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, nursing intervention and social - cultural, economical and social support network, including the consideration of a comprehensive approach, is needed in order to improved the quality of life.
Data Collection ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Menopause ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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The Occurrence of Glaucoma and Association with Serum Estradiol Level in Postmenopausal Women.

Gyun Ho JEON ; Hyun Jin CHO ; Sungwook CHUN ; Yong Il JI ; Chul Hoi JEONG ; Min Hee SUH ; Joo Eun LEE

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):106-111. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.106

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence of glaucoma and association with the serum estradiol (E2) level in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We evaluated the serum E2 level, female reproductive factors and glaucoma related risk factors including intraocular pressure and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in 30 postmenopausal women who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic. Patients who showed abnormal findings on the glaucoma screening test were classified to the glaucoma suspect group (group-G), and underwent a glaucoma confirmatory test. Serum E2 level, female reproductive and other menopausal health-related factors such as lipid profiles and bone mineral densities were analyzed in the group-G and non glaucomatous group (group-N). RESULTS: Eight out of thirty participants (26.7%) were classified to the group-G. One of them was diagnosed as having glaucoma that required treatment, and the other two were found to have early glaucomatous changes. Compared to the group-G, the group-N had a higher level of serum E2 (19.40 +/- 4.79 vs. 13.95 +/- 4.55 pg/mL) The difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.525). The proportion of glaucoma suspect patients in the groups with a higher serum E2 level (> or = 20 pg/mL) and a lower serum E2 level (< 20 pg/mL) was similar (25.0 and 27.3%, P = 0.645). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that no female reproductive factors were associated with the risk of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive glaucoma screening using an OCT in postmenopausal women could detect more glaucoma patients than prevalence in the similar age group. Statistical significance was not found in the association between serum E2 level and the risk of glaucoma.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Bone Density ; Estradiol ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Postmenopause ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

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Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women According to the Correlation of Changes in Bone Mineral Density.

Soo Ho CHUNG ; Tae Hee KIM ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Junsik PARK ; Jae Hong SANG

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):101-105. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.101

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and hormone therapy (HT) and its duration in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 291 postmenopausal women who had their BMD and follow-up BMD measured in a university hospital. We analyzed BMD, HT types and HT duration according to clinical characteristics. RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 53.7 +/- 5.9 years. HT types and HT duration were not statistically related to improvement in BMD (P = 0.956, 0.483). But osteoporosis in patients with hormone therapy improves bone mineral density showed statistical significance (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: HT types and HT duration did not have any effect on bone mineral density, but further prospective multicenter studies regarding HT should be considered for osteoporosis.
Bone Density ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

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Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of the Unicenta and Melsmon Injection for the Menopausal Symptoms.

Seongmin KIM ; Hyun Tae PARK ; Byung Ik LEE ; Jung Ho SHIN ; Hyung Moo PARK ; Tak KIM

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(1):36-44. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.1.36

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Unicenta (UNCNT) and Melsmon in women with the menopausal symptoms, by analysing the changes in the Kupperman index (primary endpoint), and the hormonal change (secondary endpoint). METHODS: This is a randomized, multi-Center, double-Blind, parallel, non-inferiority clinical study of four different tertiary medical centers. We began the participant recruitment in September 2011, with 218 patients applied over 7 months. All participants had the last visit in April 2012. RESULTS: The Unicenta injection was not inferior to that of Melsmon as measured by the Kupperman index following the injection in both the intent-to-treat and the per-protocol populations (P = 0.63, P = 0.85, respectively). Side effects occurred in 14.0% of the cases (15 patients/18 cases) in the case group, and in 12.6% (14 patients/15 cases) in the control group (P value=0.7599). None were reported to be associated with the medication. The laboratory results and the vital signs showed no statistically significant risk for safety. CONCLUSION: The study showed that Unicenta is not inferior to Melsmon in the change of the Kupperman index after 12 days of injection. The efficacy and safety of Unicenta was shown, with the improvement of the menopausal symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Vital Signs

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The Clinico-Pathologic Features and Significance of Preoperative CA 125 in Patients Who Had an Operation for Ovarian Tumors.

Chang Rae KIM ; Chun Hoe KU ; In Sang JEON ; Dong Woo SON ; Ji Sung LEE

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(1):26-35. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.1.26

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to confirm the clinical and histopathologic findings of ovarian tumors and determine the malignancy before operation. It will attribute to early diagnosis, determining direction of treatment and improving prognosis of malignant ovarian tumor. METHODS: Seven hundred sixty-five patients who had an operation for ovarian tumors in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Gachon University Gil Medical Center from April 2007 to December 2009 were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis of age, parity, menopausal status, preoperative CA 125, histology, ultrasound, and treatment method was done. RESULTS: 1. Among benign ovarian tumors, endometrial cyst (211 cases, 30.1%) was most common and had the highest preoperative CA 125 (76.07 U/mL). 2. Among borderline ovarian tumors, mucinous type (16 cases, 62.5%) was most common, but preoperative CA 125 was higher in serous type (144.38 U/mL) than mucinous type (82.59 U/mL). 3. Among malignant ovarian tumors, serous adenocarcinoma (14 cases, 29.8%) was most common, and undifferentiated carcinoma had the highest preoperative CA 125 (500.0 U/mL). 4. The preoperative CA 125 showed a tendency to increase in relation to stage in malignant ovarian tumors. 5. Age, preoperative CA 125, menopausal status and ultrasound finding were identified as discriminating factors for malignancy and relative risk of them were 7.19, 7.90, 5.56 and 61.43, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using the combination of age, menopausal status, preoperative CA 125 and ultrasound to diagnose ovarian tumors before the operation will be a help to early diagnosis and determining the treatment and improve prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; CA-125 Antigen ; Carcinoma ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mucins ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

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Cervical Endometriosis in a Post-menopausal Woman: A Case Report.

Junsik PARK ; Tae Hee KIM ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Woo Seok LEE ; Soo Ho CHUNG ; Sang Mo PARK

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2011;17(3):174-177. doi:10.6118/jksm.2011.17.3.174

Cervical endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma at the cervix. This is rare and sometimes asymptomatic. Most of these are diagnosed by incidental findings within histopathology. As the presence of cytological features do not guarantee the presence of cervical endometriosis, it is difficult to diagnose this disorder prior to surgery. We recently encountered a case of cervical endometriosis in a post-menopausal woman who was not receiving hormone therapy. As a reminder to clinicians about this neglected issue, we report a case of cervical endometriosis with a literature review.
Cervix Uteri ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Postmenopause

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GnRH Agonist Co-treatment for Prevention of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Sungwook CHUN ; Yong Il JI ; Young Don JOO

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):93-100. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.93

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist co-treatment for gonadal protection in patients with hematologic neoplasms undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Young premenopausal women who were diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma between March 2010 and February 2012 and undergoing chemotherapy in a university hospital were included in this study. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients aged 15.39 years participated in this study. Among the patients, five patients were receiving leuprolide concomitant with chemotherapy, and twenty-four patients were receiving chemotherapy alone. Seventeen patients in the chemotherapy alone group stopped menstrating and were diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) within one year after chemotherapy; and only one patient had POI in the chemotherapy plus leuprolide group, but these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.054). In the chemotherapy plus leuprolide group, serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly lower than basal serum AMH levels (5.57 +/- 0.18 ng/mL) (P < 0.001) after treatment (1.84 +/- 0.22 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: GnRH agonist may be a promising option for the prevention of POF, but the effectiveness of GnRH agonist is still debatable. A large prospective multi-center trial with adequate follow-up is needed.
Aged ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonads ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Leuprolide ; Lymphoma ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

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A Clinical Analysis of Patients with Premature Ovarian Failure: Compliance with Hormonal Treatment.

Hee Suk LEE ; Ji Hoon OK ; Joo Myung KIM ; Yeon Jean CHO

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):87-92. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.87

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical features of premature ovarian failure (POF) and patients' compliance with hormonal treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 126 patients diagnosed with POF was selected between January 2004 and December 2007. The clinical, etiologic features and treatment compliance were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of diagnosis was 33.2 +/- 5.2 years. The mean value of follicle stimulating hormone was 78.8 +/- 28.8 IU/L. The most common symptom was amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (54%). Eighty-eight patients were married and 22 of them visited our clinic due to infertility. The most common etiology was unknown (54.8%) and the second most common cause was iatrogenic (29.4%). Only 61 patients underwent hormonal treatment (48.4%). The remaining 11 patients did not undergo hormonal treatment due to other medical conditions such as breast cancer or liver disease; however, they were followed-up regularly (8.7%). Among the treatment group, only 37 patients were followed-up over a period of 12 months (60.7%). CONCLUSION: About half of the women diagnosed with POF did not accept their own problems and therefore delayed essential treatment. Clinicians should educate the importance of early treatment for preventing degenerative changes.
Amenorrhea ; Breast Neoplasms ; Compliance ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Infertility ; Liver ; Oligomenorrhea ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies

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Association between Serum Homocysteine Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in Middle Aged Women.

Ari KIM ; Jun Hee LEE ; Ji Young LEE ; Young Min OH ; Sung Nam HONG ; Hoon CHOI ; Eun Ae JAE ; Hae Hyeog LEE ; Heung Yeol KIM

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):81-86. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.81

OBJECTIVES: Hyperhomocysteinemia is known to be related with the early onset of osteoporosis. This study was to examine the association between serem homocysteine levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in middle aged women. METHODS: The study included 409 women who underwent bone density tests in the health screening centers from January 2009 to october 2010. Serum homocysteine levels and BMD were measured. RESULTS: Postmenopause group (n = 109) showed significantly lower BMD score in lumbar spine and femoral neck and significantly higher serum homocysteine concentration compared to premenopause group (n = 300). However, after adjusting for age, body mass index, and the menopausal condition in total 409 women, there were no significant correlations between serum homocysteine levels and BMD. CONCLUSION: Measurement of serum homocysteine levels may not be useful, but adjunctive for the risk assessment of osteoporosis in middle aged women.
Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Risk Assessment ; Spine

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Risk Factors Associated with Premalignant and Malignant Endometrial Polyps.

Hee Suk LEE ; Yeon Jean CHO ; Joo Myung KIM

The Journal of Korean Society of Menopause.2013;19(2):74-80. doi:10.6118/jksm.2013.19.2.74

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of endometrial premalignant and malignant polyps in women who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomies, and to investigate whether clinical parameters predict histopathologic outcomes. METHODS: A review was carried out on the medical records of patients who had undergone hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy from January 2010 to December 2011. One thousand one hundred ninety-six women who ranged in age from 16 to 81 years were included in the study. Polyps were classified as benign (endometrial polyps and polyps with non-atypical simple hyperplasia and non-atypical complex hyperplasia), premalignant (polyps with atypical simple hyperplasia or atypical complex hyperplasia), or malignant. A statistical analysis was then performed. RESULTS: Histopathologically, 96.7% benign, 1.1% premalignant, and 2.2% malignant lesions were detected. Abnormal uterine bleeding and postmenopause were the only factors which were determined to be associated with a higher risk of malignancy, with an odds ratios of 5.07 (95% CI, 2.25-11.41) and 3.41 (95% CI, 1.14-10.24), respectively. CONCLUSION: The risk factors associated with premalignant and malignant endometrial polyps include abnormal uterine bleeding and menopause.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hysteroscopy ; Medical Records ; Menopause ; Metrorrhagia ; Odds Ratio ; Polyps ; Postmenopause ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Hemorrhage

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