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Mediating Effect of Social Capital between Transformational Leadership Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hospital Nurses.

Soo Young JUN

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):558-566. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.558

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the current status of transformational leadership behavior (TLB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and to investigate the mediating effect of social capital on the relationship between TLB and OCB in hospital nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used with a convenience sample of 219 nurses from two university-affiliated teaching hospitals in South Korea. RESULTS: The survey instruments measured TLB, OCB, and social capital. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé's test, Baron and Kenny's regression method. The average level of TLB was 3.13 points, for OCB 3.64 points, and for social capital 3.24 points in social capital. Positive correlations were found between TLB, OCB, and social capital. Hospital nurses' social capital showed a significant mediating effect on the relationship between TLB and OCB. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that TLB is a contributing factor to better OCB, and TLB can lead to improved OCB through social capital. Interventions to improve social capital of nurses in health-care organizations have important implications for OCB improvement.
Hospitals, Teaching ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Methods ; Negotiating* ; Social Capital*

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Development and Effects of Simulation Program for Fall Management.

Mi YU ; Jong Kyung KIM ; Se Young KIM ; Sung Hyun CHO ; Myung Ja KIM ; GyeongAe SEOMUN

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):548-557. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.548

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to develop simulation scenarios for the management patient falls and to evaluate the effects of using the scenarios with student nurses. METHODS: The research design was a quasi-experimental study using a methodology study. Study participants were 30 students who were in 4th year of nursing at one College of Nursing. RESULTS: When comparing knowledge of falls before and after the simulation program, it was found that knowledge increased by 4.90 (from 24.60 pre-test to 29.50 post-test). For clinical performance of fall management, the score for assessment was 10.17 out of 16, for intervention 5.97 out of 10, and for evaluation 7.33 out of 8. The average score for reporting a fall to the doctor was 19.87 out of 30 based on SBAR. Prior to the implementation of the simulation program, the confidence of reporting to the physician was less than 5 in all four areas, but self-confidence improved by more than 6 points in all four areas after the program was implemented. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that results of fall management simulation practice can contribute to nursing students' knowledge of falls, as well as to nursing interventions and post-treatment following a patient fall.
Accidental Falls ; Humans ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing ; Patient Care Management ; Research Design ; Self Report ; Simulation Training ; Students, Nursing

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Development of Hospital Nurses' Job Description based on DACUM Method: Focusing on General Ward and Intensive Care Unit.

Sun Mi LEE ; Yeon Hee KIM ; Yu Mi SHIM ; Jin Sun CHOI ; Mi YU

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):535-547. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.535

PURPOSE: This study was done to clarify nurses' duties, tasks and task elements and to develop a job description for clinical nurses on general and intensive care units in tertiary-level hospitals, and dramatically reflect changing medical trends in Korea. METHODS: The job description was developed based on the Developing a Curriculum Method (DACUM). The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks and task elements, measured on a 4-point scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Data were collected from September 4 to 7, 2017, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a scattered graph. RESULTS: The job description consisted of 10 duties, 38 tasks, and 51 elements. Of the 10 duties, the highest duty in order of importance was ‘Direct nursing care’ followed by ‘Infection control’. The highest duties according to frequency and difficulty were ‘Document and notify’ and ‘Research and quality improvement’. ‘Safety management’ and ‘Infection control’ were considered as relatively simple duties, however, these two duties were still included as important jobs for clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: The job descriptions for clinical nurses developed from this study contain nursing ethics and safety as well as infection control, to faithfully reflect clinical nurses' jobs.
Critical Care* ; Curriculum ; Ethics, Nursing ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Job Description* ; Korea ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Patients' Rooms*

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Experience of Incivility to Nursing Students during Clinical Practice.

Kwang Ok PARK ; Jong Kyung KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):524-534. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.524

PURPOSE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate nursing students' experience of incivility during clinical practice. METHODS: Data were collected from 11 in-depth interviews. The main question was “Could you describe your experience of incivility during clinical practice?” The qualitative data from the field notes and transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: The experiential themes of incivility to nursing students during clinical practice were ‘exposure to verbal abuse’, ‘receiving unjust reproaches’, ‘treated as an insignificant person’, ‘excluded from nursing as a bothersome person’, and imidated in an unfamiliar atmosphere'. CONCLUSION: Nursing students experienced incivility in many ways and from a variety of sources, such as nursing staff, patients, patients' families, and other employees during clinical practice as part of the 3rd and 4th year curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a safer environment for clinical practice. Also finding solutions to these incivility problems should lead to improvement in students' clinical practice.
Curriculum ; Education ; Humans ; Methods ; Nursing Staff ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing* ; Violence

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Person-Organization Value Congruence between Authentic Leadership of Head Nurses and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Clinical Nurses.

Joung Ok KIM ; Se Young KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):515-523. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.515

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of person-organization value congruence between the authentic leadership of head nurses and the organizational citizenship behavior perceived by hospital nurses. METHODS: The participants were 211 nurses working in 3 general hospitals located in C-city, in South Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlations and structural equation model (SEM) with the PASW 24 and AMOS 24 program. RESULTS: Authentic leadership of head nurses had a statistically significant positive correlation with person-organization value congruence (r=.34, p < .001). Also, authentic leadership of head nurses (r=.50, p < .001), and person-organization value congruence (r=.62, p < .001) showed a statistically significant positive correlation with organizational citizenship behavior. There was a partial mediating effect of person-organization value congruence between authentic leadership of head nurse and organizational citizenship behavior perceived by hospital nurses (χ2=205.78, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nurse managers need to improve the person-organization value congruence and authentic leadership of head nurses to reinforce organizational citizenship behavior of nurses in human resource management.
Head* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Negotiating ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing, Supervisory*

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Patients' Experience of Participation in Hospital Care.

Soojin CHUNG ; Jee In HWANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):504-514. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.504

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore patients' experience of participation in their hospital care. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted with a total of 21 patients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Collected data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Two categories of patients' experience of participation in hospital care emerged: 1) Reactive participatory activity, 2) active participatory activity. Major participatory activities included ‘complying with medical instructions’, ‘listening’, ‘responding’ and ‘questioning’. Healthcare professionals' attentive attitudes and explanation, and availability of care equipment were facilitating factors affecting patient participation in their care, whereas limited accessibility to and poor communication with healthcare professionals, inconvenient patient room, and patient factors were barriers to their participation. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study reveal that patients tend to participate in their care in a reactive way and that healthcare professionals have a significant role in facilitating patients' participation. Furthermore, the care environment and patient factors need to be considered to promote patient participation in hospital care.
Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Korea ; Patient Participation ; Patients' Rooms ; Seoul ; Tertiary Care Centers

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The Influence of Leadership Life Skills and Achievement Motivation on Self-leadership in Nursing Students.

Young Bae PARK ; Myoung Sook KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):494-503. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.494

PURPOSE: Nursing students are expected to show self-leadership. For this study, leadership life skills and achievement motivation were examined for their influence on self-leadership in student nurses. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire completed by 239 nursing students. Data were analyzed using t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean score for self-leadership was 3.49, for leadership life skills, 3.65, and for achievement motivation, 3.42. There were significant differences in self-leadership according to task orientation (β=.25, p < .001), responsibility (β=.24, p < .001), challenge spirit (β=.22 p < .001), future orientation (β=.16, p=.001), leadership life skills (β=.08, p=.009), and interpersonal relationships (β=−.09, p < .001). The explanation power of the regression model was 51.1% and it was statistically significant (F=41.87, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that factors influencing self-leadership are leadership life skills and achievement motivation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to improve self-leadership in nursing students for enhancement of task orientation, responsibility, challenge spirit, future orientation, and leadership life skills.
Humans ; Leadership* ; Motivation* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

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Impact of Superior's Ethical Leadership as Perceived by Nurses on Nursing Performance: Mediating Effect of Faith in Supervisor.

Miyoung KIM ; Hyung Eun SEO ; Eun Young DOO ; Won Jin JU

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):483-493. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.483

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate nursing performance to superior's ethical leadership as perceived by nurses and the mediating effect of faith in supervisor. METHODS: For this study a descriptive survey design was used. Participants were 258 nurses who worked in general hospital and completed the self-report questionnaire. Data were collected from May 17 to May 31, 2017 and were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, and Path analysis with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0. RESULTS: Superior's ethical leadership as perceived by the nurses and faith in the supervisor were significant variables predicting the level of nursing performance and accounted for 48.1% of the variance. Faith in the supervisor as a mediator was found to have a partial mediating effect. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the nurses' performance, it is important to establish a work environment so that hospital nurses can perform their work with faith in their supervisors, as well as having superiors who are ethical leaders.
Hospitals, General ; Leadership* ; Negotiating* ; Nursing* ; Nursing, Supervisory

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Predictors of Turnover Intention among Nurses in Small and Medium-sized Hospitals.

Jeong Hye PARK ; Hye Young HWANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):471-482. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.471

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of turnover intention among nurses working in small and medium-sized hospitals in South Korea. METHODS: Data were obtained from a survey conducted in 2016 on welfare policy and system improvement. The participants were nurses of the Korean Nurses Association who worked in small and medium-sized hospitals. The responses of 2,011 nurses were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, which was performed to explore the predictors of nurses' turnover intentions. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed that the predictors significantly reducing nurses' desire to leave their hospitals were a 40-hour workweek, satisfaction with the salary, and six out of the 40 fringe benefits provided by their hospitals: the provision of uniforms and work shoes, paid menstrual leave, operational costs for the department, job-related educational costs, and in-house nurse training program. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hospitals should provide proper work hours and reasonable rewards for nurses' work in order to reduce turnover intention among their nurses.
Education ; Intention* ; Korea ; Personnel Turnover ; Reward ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Shoes

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Influence of Social Support on the Relationship between Practice Stress, Emotional Labor and Burnout among Nursing Students.

Yoon Goo NOH

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017;23(5):461-470. doi:10.11111/jkana.2017.23.5.461

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of social support on the relationship between practice stress, emotional labor, and burnout among nursing students. METHODS: The sample for this study consisted of 199 students from four universities located in Korea, and had a practicum experience at least one semester before the study began. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0. RESULTS: It was found that: (a) burnout had a positive correlation with both practice stress and emotional labor, whereas a negative correlation was observed with social support; (b) social support mediated the relationship between practice stress and burnout, and (c) social support mediated the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. CONCLUSION: Results of the study suggest that social support decreases the negative effects of practice stress and emotional labor on burnout. Therefore, we need to find ways to strengthen social support for students.
Humans ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Stress, Psychological* ; Students, Nursing*

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