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Multilocular developmental salivary gland defect.

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):261-263. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.261

Developmental salivary gland defect is a bone depression on the lingual surface of the mandible containing salivary gland or fatty soft tissue. The most common location is within the submandibular gland fossa and often close to the inferior border of the mandible. This defect is asymptomatic and generally discovered only incidentally during radiographic examination of the area. This defect also appears as a well-defined, corticated, unilocular radiolucency below the mandibular canal. Although it is not uncommon for this defect to appear as a round or ovoid radiolucency, multilocular radiolucency of these defects is relatively rare. This report presents a case of a developmental salivary gland defect with multilocular radiolucency in a male patient.
Bone Cysts ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Depression ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland

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Dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens: report of 2 cases.

Neha KHAMBETE ; Rahul KUMAR ; Mukund RISBUD ; Lata KALE ; Sonia SODHI

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):255-260. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.255

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cysts of the jaws, most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth. Dentigerous cysts around supernumerary teeth, however, account for 5% of all dentigerous cysts, with most developing around a mesiodens in the anterior maxilla. This report describes two cases of a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens. Both of the patients complained of swelling in the maxillary anterior region. Radiographic examination revealed an impacted mesiodens surrounded by a large corticated radiolucency in both cases. A provisional diagnosis of infected odontogenic cyst was made. The cysts were enucleated with the removal of the mesiodens in the two cases. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of infected dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens in both cases. The patients remained asymptomatic, and no complications were noted.
Dentigerous Cyst ; Humans ; Jaw ; Maxilla ; Molar, Third ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Tooth ; Tooth, Impacted ; Tooth, Supernumerary

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Condylar bony changes in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a CBCT study.

Kyung Soo NAH

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):249-253. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.249

PURPOSE: Diagnosis of osteoarthritis most commonly depends on clinical and radiographic findings. The present study attempted to observe the bony changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) patients from all age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first-visit clinical records and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 440 TMJs from 220 consecutive TMJ patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The most frequent condylar bony change observed was sclerosis (133 joints, 30.2%) followed by surface erosion (129 joints, 29.3%), flattening of the articular surface (112 joints, 25.5%), and deviation in form (58 joints, 13.2%), which included 33 TMJs in a cane-shape, 16 with a lateral or medial pole depression, 6 with posterior condylar surface flattening, and 3 with a bifid-shaped condyle. Fifty-three joints (12.0%) showed hypoplastic condyles but only 1 joint showed hyperplasia. Osteophyte was found in 35 joints (8.0%) and subcortical cyst in 24 joints (5.5%), 5 of which had surface erosion as well. One hundred nineteen joints (27.0%) had only one kind of condylar bony change, 66 joints (15.0%) had two, 52 joints (11.8%) had three, 12 joints (5.0%) had four, and 6 joints (1.4%) had five kinds of condylar bony changes at the same time. Eighty-five (65.9%) of 129 joints with surface erosion had pain recorded at the chief complaint. CONCLUSION: With more widespread use of CBCT, more specific or detailed guidelines for osteoarthritis are needed.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Depression ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteophyte ; Sclerosis ; Temporomandibular Joint

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Measurements of simulated periodontal bone defects in inverted digital image and film-based radiograph: an in vitro study.

Rafael Scaf DE MOLON ; Juliana Aparecida Najarro Dearo MORAIS-CAMILLO ; Celso Eduardo SAKAKURA ; Mauricio Goncalves FERREIRA ; Leonor Castro Monteiro LOFFREDO ; Gulnara SCAF

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):243-247. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.243

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the inverted digital images and film-based images of dry pig mandibles to measure the periodontal bone defect depth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty 2-wall bone defects were made in the proximal region of the premolar in the dry pig mandibles. The digital and conventional radiographs were taken using a Schick sensor and Kodak F-speed intraoral film. Image manipulation (inversion) was performed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software. Four trained examiners made all of the radiographic measurements in millimeters a total of three times from the cementoenamel junction to the most apical extension of the bone loss with both types of images: inverted digital and film. The measurements were also made in dry mandibles using a periodontal probe and digital caliper. The Student's t-test was used to compare the depth measurements obtained from the two types of images and direct visual measurement in the dry mandibles. A significance level of 0.05 for a 95% confidence interval was used for each comparison. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between depth measurements in the inverted digital images and direct visual measurements (p>|t|=0.0039), with means of 6.29 mm (IC95%:6.04-6.54) and 6.79 mm (IC95%:6.45-7.11), respectively. There was a non-significant difference between the film-based radiographs and direct visual measurements (p>|t|=0.4950), with means of 6.64mm(IC95%:6.40-6.89) and 6.79mm(IC95%:6.45-7.11), respectively. CONCLUSION: The periodontal bone defect measurements in the inverted digital images were inferior to film-based radiographs, underestimating the amount of bone loss.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bicuspid ; Mandible ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Tooth Cervix

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Diagnostic reference levels in intraoral dental radiography in Korea.

Eun Kyung KIM ; Won Jeong HAN ; Jin Woo CHOI ; Yun Hoa JUNG ; Suk Ja YOON ; Jae Seo LEE

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):237-242. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.237

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. RESULTS: The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 mGycm2 (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p<0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea.
Adult ; Dental Clinics ; Humans ; Korea ; Molar ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiation Protection ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiography, Dental ; Republic of Korea

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Prediction of age-related osteoporosis using fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs.

Kwang Joon KOH ; Ha Na PARK ; Kyoung A KIM

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):231-235. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.231

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern on panoramic radiographs to predict age-related osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 25 postmenopausal healthy women between the ages of 50 and 88 were enrolled in this study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and panoramic radiographs were obtained. Fractal dimension (FD) was measured using the box counting method from 560 regions of interest (51x51 pixels) in 6 sites on the panoramic radiographs. The relationships between age and BMD and between FD and BMD were assessed, and the intraobserver agreement was determined. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the FD values between the osteoporotic and normal groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the FD values at three sites in the jaws (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 1.25. However, the FD values were not significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 0.000. The intraobserver agreement showed relatively higher correlation coefficients at the upper premolar, lower premolar, and lower anterior regions than the other sites. CONCLUSION: Age was an important risk factor for predicting the presence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The lower premolar region was the most appropriate site for evaluating the FD value on panoramic radiographs. However, further investigation might be needed to predict osteoporosis using an FD value on panoramic radiographs.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bicuspid ; Bone Density ; Female ; Femur ; Fractals ; Humans ; Jaw ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Risk Factors

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Evaluation of alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients using a computer-aided diagnosis system.

Pipop SUTTHIPRAPAPORN ; Keiji TANIMOTO ; Takashi NAKAMOTO ; Supaporn KONGSOMBOON ; Saowaluck LIMMONTHOL ; Poonsak PISEK ; Chutimaporn KEINPRASIT

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):225-229. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.225

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes after alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients using a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The occlusal radiographs taken from 50 UCLP patients were surveyed retrospectively. The images were categorized as: 50 images in group 0 (before bone grafting), 33 images in group 1 (one month after bone grafting), 24 images in group 2 (2-4 months after bone grafting), 15 images in group 3 (5-7 months after bone grafting), and 21 images in group 4 (8 or more months after bone grafting). Each image was grouped as either "non-cleft side" or "cleft side". The CAD system was used five times for each side to calculate the pixel area based on the mathematical morphology. Significant differences were found using a Wilcoxon signed ranks test or paired samples t test. RESULTS: The pixel area showed a significant difference between the "non-cleft side" and "cleft side" in group 0 (404.27+/-103.72/117.73+/-92.25; p=0.00), group 1 (434.29+/-86.70/388.31+/-109.51; p=0.01), and group 4 (430.98+/-98.11/366.71+/-154.59; p=0.02). No significant differences were found in group 2 (423.57+/-98.12/383.47+/-135.88; p=0.06) or group 3 (433.02+/-116.07/384.16+/-146.55; p=0.19). CONCLUSION: Based on the design of this study, alveolar bone grafting was similar to normal bone within 2-7 months postoperatively.
Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Lip ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Palate ; Radiography, Dental ; Retrospective Studies

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Assessment of the relationship between the maxillary molars and adjacent structures using cone beam computed tomography.

Yun Hoa JUNG ; Bong Hae CHO

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):219-224. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.219

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship between the roots of the maxillary molars and the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and measured the distances between the roots of the maxillary molars and the sinus floor as well as the thickness of the bone between the root and the alveolar cortical plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 83 patients with normally erupted bilateral maxillary first and second molars. A total of 332 maxillary molars were examined using CBCT images. The vertical relationship of each root with the maxillary sinus was classified into four types on CBCT cross-sectional images. The distance between the sinus floor and root and the bone thickness between the root and alveolar cortical plate were measured. RESULTS: In the buccal roots of the maxillary molars, a root protruding into the sinus occurred most frequently. A root projecting laterally along the sinus cavity was most common in the palatal roots of the maxillary first molars. The mesiobuccal roots of the maxillary second molar were closest to the sinus. The mesiobuccal roots of the first molars were closest to the cortical plate. CONCLUSION: The relationship between the roots of the maxillary molars and the sinus differed between the buccal and palatal roots. A root protruding into the sinus occurred more frequent in the buccal roots of the maxillary molars. The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar was closest to the maxillary sinus floor and farthest from the alveolar cortical plate.
Bone and Bones ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Molar

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Uniqueness of radiographic patterns of the frontal sinus for personal identification.

Neha PATIL ; Freny R KARJODKAR ; Subodh SONTAKKE ; Kaustubh SANSARE ; Rohini SALVI

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):213-217. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.213

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the uniqueness and reliability of the frontal sinuses by comparing various patterns of frontal sinus as observed on Waters' radiographs for individual identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three Waters' radiographs of 100 individuals, taken on day one, after 6-8 months, and one radiograph with a slight variation in angulation, to mimic conditions out in the field or during autopsy. Three observers were randomly given radiographs from all there packets for comparisons and identification, by the method of superimposition and individual uniqueness. RESULTS: The comparative identification by superimposition of the frontal sinus was 100% positive. The size, shape, unilateral or bilateral presence, absence, and septa were observed to be unique in each case; neither had the measurements changed over a period of time. CONCLUSION: The need to establish a reliable, low-cost, and easily reproducible method for human identification prompted the elaboration of technical, precise, and accessible parameters, such as the evaluation of the area, asymmetry, and shape of the frontal sinus. Comparison among each of the frontal sinuses of the 100 people in the sample revealed that no two sinuses are the same, that is, the sinus is unique to each individual.
Autopsy ; Forensic Anthropology ; Forensic Dentistry ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans ; Hydrazines

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Positioning errors and quality assessment in panoramic radiography.

Manu DHILLON ; Srinivasa M RAJU ; Sankalp VERMA ; Divya TOMAR ; Raviprakash S MOHAN ; Manisha LAKHANPAL ; Bhuvana KRISHNAMOORTHY

Imaging Science in Dentistry.2012;42(4):207-212. doi:10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.207

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the relative frequency of positioning errors, to identify those errors directly responsible for diagnostically inadequate images, and to assess the quality of panoramic radiographs in a sample of records collected from a dental college. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of 1,782 panoramic radiographs obtained from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. The positioning errors of the radiographs were assessed and categorized into nine groups: the chin tipped high, chin tipped low, a slumped position, the patient positioned forward, the patient positioned backward, failure to position the tongue against the palate, patient movement during exposure, the head tilted, and the head turned to one side. The quality of the radiographs was further judged as being 'excellent', 'diagnostically acceptable', or 'unacceptable'. RESULTS: Out of 1,782 radiographs, 196 (11%) were error free and 1,586 (89%) were present with positioning errors. The most common error observed was the failure to position the tongue against the palate (55.7%) and the least commonly experienced error was patient movement during exposure (1.6%). Only 11% of the radiographs were excellent, 64.1% were diagnostically acceptable, and 24.9% were unacceptable. CONCLUSION: The positioning errors found on panoramic radiographs were relatively common in our study. The quality of panoramic radiographs could be improved by careful attention to patient positioning.
Chin ; Head ; Humans ; Palate ; Patient Positioning ; Quality Control ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tongue

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