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Incomplete bone formation after sinus augmentation: A case report on radiological findings by computerized tomography at follow-up.

Kyung Shil LEE ; Young Hyuk KWON ; Yeek HERR ; Seung Il SHIN ; Ji Yeon LEE ; Jong Hyuk CHUNG

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):283-288. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.283

PURPOSE: The aim of this case report is to present a case of incomplete bone formation after sinus augmentation. METHODS: A patient having alveolar bone resorption of the maxillary posterior edentulous region and advanced pneumatization of the maxillary sinus was treated with sinus elevation using deproteinized bovine bone in the Department of Periodontology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry and re-evaluated with computed tomography (CT) follow-up. RESULTS: Even though there were no significant findings or abnormal radiolucency on the panoramic radiograph, incomplete bone formation in the central portion of the augmented sinus was found fortuitously in the CT scan. The CT scan revealed peri-implant radiolucency in the apical portion of the implant placed in the augmented maxillary sinus. Nevertheless, the dental implants placed in the grafted sinus still functioned well at over 15 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The result of this case suggests that patients who received maxillary sinus augmentation may experience incomplete bone formation. It is possible that 1) osteoconductive graft material with poor osteogenic potential, 2) overpacking of graft material that restricts the blood supply, and 3) bone microbial contamination may cause the appearance of incomplete bone formation after sinus augmentation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of this unexpected result and care must be taken to prevent it.
Bone Resorption ; Dental Implants ; Dentistry ; Durapatite ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants

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The effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation on the surface microstructure and roughness of hydroxyapatite-coated implant.

Seong Won KIM ; Young Hyuk KWON ; Jong Hyuk CHUNG ; Seung Il SHIN ; Yeek HERR

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):276-282. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.276

PURPOSE: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on the change of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implant surface microstructure according to the laser energy and the application time. METHODS: The implant surface was irradiated by Er:YAG laser under combination condition using the laser energy of 100 mJ/pulse, 140 mJ/pulse and 180 mJ/pulse and application time of 1 minute, 1.5 minutes and 2 minutes. The specimens were examined by surface roughness evaluation and scanning electron microscopic observation. RESULTS: In scanning electron microscope, HA-coated implant surface was not altered by Er:YAG laser irradiation under experimental condition on 100 mJ/pulse, 1 minute. Local areas with surface melting and cracks were founded on 100 mJ/pulse, 1.5 minutes and 2 minutes. One hundred forty mJ/pulse and 180 mJ/pulse group had surface melting and peeling area of HA particles, which condition was more severe depending on the increase of application time. Under all experimental condition, the difference of surface roughness value on implant surface was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Er:YAG laser on HA-coated implant surface is recommended to be irradiated below 100 mJ/pulse, 1 minute for detoxification of implant surface without surface alteration.
Dental Implants ; Durapatite ; Electrons ; Freezing

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Histologic evaluation of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound effects on bone regeneration in sinus lift.

Sang Hun KIM ; Ki Seok HONG

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):271-275. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.271

PURPOSE: Many techniques have been described for achieving vertical augmentation of the maxillary sinus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to enhance bone regeneration after sinus floor elevation. METHODS: The sinus lifting technique was performed through a lateral approach on 8 different sites of 5 patients (3 males and 2 females) and their mean age was 45.7 years old. The sites were randomly assigned to the control or test groups. The control group had 4 sites that received lateral sinus lifting procedure only, while the test group had 4 sites that received LIPUS application after the lateral sinus lifting procedure. 24-32 weeks (an average of 29 weeks) postoperatively, new bone formation in the augmented sinus sites was evaluated through histologic and histomorphometric analyses of the biopsy specimens obtained during implant placement. RESULTS: In the test group, the mean percentage of newly formed bone was 19.0+/-2.8%. In the control group, the mean percentage of newly formed bone was 15.2+/-3.1%. The percentage of newly formed bone was approximately 4% higher in those cases where the sinus was treated by LIPUS than the percentage in those cases where it was not used. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Within the scope of this study, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound application after sinus lifting appeared to have a significant effect on the development of new bone formation.
Biopsy ; Bone Regeneration ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Humans ; Lifting ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteogenesis ; Transverse Sinuses

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Immunomodulatory effect of canine periodontal ligament stem cells on allogenic and xenogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Hak Sung KIM ; Kyoung Hwa KIM ; Su Hwan KIM ; Young Sung KIM ; Ki Tae KOO ; Tae Il KIM ; Yang Jo SEOL ; Young KU ; In Chul RHYU ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG ; Yong Moo LEE

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):265-270. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.265

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of canine periodontal ligament stem cells on allogenic and xenogenic immune cells in vitro. METHODS: Mixed cell cultures consisting of canine stem cells (periodontal ligament stem cells and bone marrow stem cells) and allogenic canine/xenogenic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were established following the addition of phytohemagglutinin. The proliferation of PBMCs was evaluated using the MTS assay. The cell division of PBMCs was analyzed using the CFSE assay. The apoptosis of PBMCs was assessed using the trypan blue uptake method. RESULTS: Periodontal ligament stem cells and bone marrow stem cells inhibited the proliferation of allogenic and xenogenic PBMCs. Both periodontal ligament stem cells and bone marrow stem cells suppressed the cell division of PBMCs despite the existence of a mitogen. No significant differences in the percentages of apoptotic PBMCs were found among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Canine periodontal ligament stem cells have an immunomodulatory effect on allogenic and xenogenic PBMCs. This effect is not a product of apoptosis of PBMCs but is caused by the inhibition of cell division of PBMCs.
Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Division ; Diminazene ; Fluoresceins ; Humans ; Immunomodulation ; Ligaments ; Periodontal Ligament ; Stem Cells ; Succinimides ; Trypan Blue

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Biological effects of a root conditioning agent for dentin surface modification in vitro.

Jue Yeon LEE ; Yang Jo SEOL ; Jang Ryul PARK ; Yoon Jeong PARK ; Chong Pyoung CHUNG

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):257-264. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.257

PURPOSE: Connective tissue reattachment to periodontally damaged root surfaces is one of the most important goals of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a root conditioning agent that can demineralize and detoxify the infected root surface. METHODS: Dentin slices obtained from human teeth were treated with a novel root planing agent for 2 minutes and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Smear layer removal and type I collagen exposure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and type I collagen immunostaining, respectively. Cell attachment and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) removal demonstrated the efficiency of the root conditioning agent. RESULTS: SEM revealed that the smear layer was entirely removed and the dentinal tubules were opened by the experimental gel. Type I collagen was exposed on the surfaces of the dentin slices treated by the experimental gel, which were compared with dentin treated with other root planing agents. Dentin slices treated with the experimental gel showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts and flattened cell morphology. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the experimental gel also has effective antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli LPS were effectively removed from well plates by the experimental gel. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that this experimental gel is a useful tool for root conditioning of infected root surfaces and can also be applied for detoxification of ailing implant surface threads.
Agar ; Collagen ; Collagen Type I ; Connective Tissue ; Dentin ; Diffusion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Escherichia coli ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Root Planing ; Smear Layer ; Tooth

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Genesis revisited.

Tae Il KIM

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2010;40(6):255-256. doi:10.5051/jpis.2010.40.6.255

No abstract available.

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Effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact: an experimental study in miniature pigs.

Yee Seo KWON ; Hee NAMGOONG ; Jung Hoon KIM ; In Hee CHO ; Myung Duk KIM ; Tae Gwan EOM ; Ki Tae KOO

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2013;43(1):41-46. doi:10.5051/jpis.2013.43.1.41

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microthreads on removal torque and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). METHODS: Twelve miniature pigs for each experiment, a total of 24 animals, were used. In the removal torque analysis, each animal received 2 types of implants in each tibia, which were treated with sandblasting and acid etching but with or without microthreads at the marginal portion. The animals were sacrificed after 4, 8, or 12 weeks of healing. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals, and the tibias were extracted and removal torque was measured. In the BIC analysis, each animal received 3 types of implants. Two types of implants were used for the removal torque test and another type of implant served as the control. The BIC experiment was conducted in the mandible of the animals. The P1-M1 teeth were extracted, and after a 4-month healing period, 3 each of the 2 types of implants were placed, with one type on each side of the mandible, for a total of 6 implants per animal. The animals were sacrificed after a 2-, 4-, or 8-week healing period. Each subgroup consisted of 4 animals. The mandibles were extracted, specimens were processed, and BIC was analyzed. RESULTS: No significant difference in removal torque value or BIC was found between implants with and without microthreads. The removal torque value increased between 4 and 8 weeks of healing for both types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks. The percentage of BIC increased between 2 and 4 weeks for all types of implants, but there was no significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of microthreads was not a significant factor in mechanical and histological stability.
Animals ; Biomechanics ; Dental Implants ; Mandible ; Osseointegration ; Swine ; Tibia ; Tooth ; Torque

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Screening for diabetes mellitus using gingival crevicular blood with the help of a self-monitoring device.

Subodh GAIKWAD ; Varsha JADHAV ; Abhijit GURAV ; Abhijeet R SHETE ; Hitesh M DEARDA

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2013;43(1):37-40. doi:10.5051/jpis.2013.43.1.37

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to compare blood glucose in capillary finger-prick blood and gingival crevice blood using a self-monitoring blood glucose device among patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. METHODS: Thirty patients with gingivitis or periodontitis and bleeding on probing (BOP) were chosen. The following clinical periodontal parameters were noted: probing depth, BOP, gingival bleeding index, and periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected from gingival crevicular blood (GCB) and capillary finger-prick blood (CFB). These samples were analyzed using a glucose self-monitoring device. RESULTS: Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study. Data were analyzed using a Pearson's correlation coefficient and Student's t-test. A r-value of 0.97 shows very strong correlation between CFB and GCB, which was statistically highly significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that GCB may serve as potential source of screening blood glucose during routine periodontal examination in populations with an unknown history of diabetes mellitus.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Capillaries ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Gingival Hemorrhage ; Gingivitis ; Glucose ; Hemorrhage ; Mass Screening ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontitis

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Evaluation of the correlation between insertion torque and primary stability of dental implants using a block bone test.

Dorjpalam BAYARCHIMEG ; Hee NAMGOONG ; Byung Kook KIM ; Myung Duk KIM ; Sungtae KIM ; Tae Il KIM ; Yang Jo SEOL ; Yong Moo LEE ; Young KU ; In Chul RHYU ; Eun Hee LEE ; Ki Tae KOO

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2013;43(1):30-36. doi:10.5051/jpis.2013.43.1.30

PURPOSE: Implant stability at the time of surgery is crucial for the long-term success of dental implants. Primary stability is considered of paramount importance to achieve osseointegration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the insertion torque and primary stability of dental implants using artificial bone blocks with different bone densities and compositions to mimic different circumstances that are encountered in routine daily clinical settings. METHODS: In order to validate the objectives, various sized holes were made in bone blocks with different bone densities (#10, #20, #30, #40, and #50) using a surgical drill and insertion torque together with implant stability quotient (ISQ) values that were measured using the Osstell Mentor. The experimental groups under evaluation were subdivided into 5 subgroups according to the circumstances. RESULTS: In group 1, the mean insertion torque and ISQ values increased as the density of the bone blocks increased. For group 2, the mean insertion torque values decreased as the final drill size expanded, but this was not the case for the ISQ values. The mean insertion torque values in group 3 increased with the thickness of the cortical bone, and the same was true for the ISQ values. For group 4, the mean insertion torque values increased as the cancellous bone density increased, but the correlation with the ISQ values was weak. Finally, in group 5, the mean insertion torque decreased as the final drill size increased, but the correlation with the ISQ value was weak. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that primary stability does not simply depend on the insertion torque, but also on the bone quality.
Bone Density ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Mandrillus ; Mentors ; Osseointegration ; Torque

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Correlation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 in human gingival cells of periodontitis patients.

Kyung A KIM ; Soo Bong CHUNG ; Eun Young HAWNG ; Seung Hyun NOH ; Kwon Ho SONG ; Hanna Hyun KIM ; Cheorl Ho KIM ; Young Guk PARK

Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science.2013;43(1):24-29. doi:10.5051/jpis.2013.43.1.24

PURPOSE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are capable of degrading extracellular matrix, and they are inducible enzymes depending on an inflammatory environment such as periodontitis and bacterial infection in periodontal tissue. Gingival inflammation has been postulated to be correlated with the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The objective of this study was to quantify the expression and activity of MMP-9 and -2, and to determine the correlation between activity and expression of these MMPs in human gingival tissues with periodontitis. METHODS: The gingival tissues of 13 patients were homogenized in 500 microL of phosphate buffered saline with a protease inhibitor cocktail. The expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, and quantified by a densitometer. For the correlation line, statistical analysis was performed using the Systat software package. RESULTS: MMP-9 was highly expressed in all gingival tissue samples, whereas MMP-2 was underexpressed compared with MMP-9. MMP-9 activity increased together with the MMP-9 expression level, with a positive correlation (r=0.793, P=0.01). The correlation was not observed in MMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of MMP-2 and -9 might contribute to periodontal physiological and pathological processes, and the degree of MMP-9 expression and activity are predictive indicators relevant to the progression of periodontitis.
Bacterial Infections ; Blotting, Western ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Pathologic Processes ; Periodontitis ; Protease Inhibitors

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