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Camouflage treatment in adult skeletal Class III cases by extraction of two lower premolars.

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2010;40(5):349-357. doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.349

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile changes after extraction of two lower first or second premolars in "borderline" adult skeletal Class III cases. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with "borderline" skeletal Class III malocclusion were studied. All of them were treated by extraction of two lower first or second premolars. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at the start and end of treatment were analysed. Twenty-five cephalometric variables were calculated and paired t-tests were performed. RESULTS: After treatment, no significant changes were noted in the skeletal parameters (p > or = 0.05). Regarding the dental parameters, the L1-MP angle decreased by 8.1degrees, the U1-L1 angle increased by 7.7degrees (p < 0.01), the overjet distance increased by 5.7 mm (p < 0.01), the L1-NB angle decreased by 7.3degrees and the L1-NB distance decreased by 4.8 mm (p < 0.01). The soft tissue parameters of Li-E, Li-H and Li-RL2 distance decreased by 3.2 mm, 3.4 mm and 4.1 mm respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic camouflage treatment by extraction of two lower first or second premolars provides a viable treatment alternative for "borderline" skeletal Class III cases to achieve a good occlusal relationship.
Adult ; Bicuspid ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Tooth Movement

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A biochemical investigation of the IL-1beta role of upon inflammation in mouse.

Duk Sang LEE ; Ki Soo LEE

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.1998;28(4):611-626.

Cytokines are intercellular peptide mediators that regulate homeostasis and host defense reactions in living body. Of the diversity of cytokines in terms of biological accomplishment, interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) are the most conspicuous cytokines with a wide variety of effects on cells involved in inflammatory and immune responses, and likely to be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of oral tissue as well. The present study was designed to explicate the role of IL-1beta on inflammatory revelation of oral tissues in mice biochemically. In the Induced arthritis by injection of 10 microgram LPS shown the relaese of 0.93 microgram IL-beta/joint with a peak at 4-5 h and diminished at 24h, and the release of TNF alpha of 1.25microgram/joint with a peak at 2-3h and diminished at 6h. After injection of th IL-beta into the joint, the member of leucocytes proliferated with a peak at 4-5h and diminished at 36h and the loss of proteoglycan showed with maximum at 15-30h. After injection of IL-1,6 into the oral tissue, cycloosygenase metabolites (PGE(2)) accumulated in the oral tissue with dose dependant. These elucidated IL-1beta to be inflammatory mediator in the early phase of its pathogenesis. Intraoral injection of recombinant IL 1beta induced the proliferation of leukocytes in situ. IL-1beta took an pertinent part in the development of inflammation and the succession of cellular infiltration. The results exemplify that IL-1beta ulavs a significant role in mediating inflammatory response induced by LPS in oral tissue the inflammatory response is regulated by IL-1beta at an acute phase of pathogenesis.
Animals ; Arthritis ; Cytokines ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation* ; Interleukins ; Joints ; Leukocytes ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Negotiating ; Proteoglycans

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Bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with a self-etching primer after bleaching and desensitizer application.

Nuray ATTAR ; Yonca KORKMAZ ; Yasemin KILICAL ; Banu SAGLAM-AYDINATAY ; Ceren Ozge BICER

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2010;40(5):342-348. doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.342

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with a self-etching primer after bleaching, desensitizer application and combined treatment. METHODS: Forty-eight premolars were randomly divided into four groups, each with n = 12 premolar samples. The four groups were; Group1: 15% hydrogen-peroxide office bleaching agent (Illumine Office-IO), Group 2: IO + BisBlock Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 3: Bis Block Oxalate Dentin-Desensitizer, Group 4: No treatment (control). Twenty-four hours after bonding, the specimens were tested in SBS at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until the brackets debonded. The failure mode of the brackets was determined by a modified adhesive remnant index. RESULTS: Bleaching, bleaching and desensitizer treatment, and desensitizer treatment alone all significantly reduced SBS of the orthodontic brackets (p = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 (Group 1-Group 2, p = 0.564; Group 1-Group 3, p = 0.371; Group 2-Group 3, p = 0.133). The predominant mode of failure for the treatment groups (Group1, Group 2 and Group 3) was at the enamel-adhesive interface leaving 100% of the adhesive on the bracket base. CONCLUSIONS: Bleaching and desensitizer treatment should be delayed until the completion of orthodontic treatment.
Adhesives ; Bicuspid ; Dental Enamel ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Oxalic Acid

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Comparison of arch form between Koreans and Egyptians.

Kabsoo JANG ; Kyung Eun SUK ; Mohamed BAYOME ; Yoonji KIM ; Seong Hun KIM ; Yoon Ah KOOK

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2010;40(5):334-341. doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.334

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphologic differences in the mandibular arch between Egyptian and Korean subjects. METHODS: The Egyptian sample consisted of 94 mandibular casts (35 Class I, 32 Class II and 27 Class III). The Korean sample consisted of 462 mandibular casts (114 Class I, 119 Class II, and 135 Class III). The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of the mandibular dental arches. Clinical bracket points were calculated for each tooth. The subjects were grouped according to arch form to compare the frequency distribution of the 3 arch forms between the ethnic groups in each Angle classification. RESULTS: Egyptians had significantly narrower intermolar and intercanine widths (p < 0.001), and shallower intermolar and intercanine depths (p < 0.001) than Koreans. There was an even frequency distribution of the 3 arch forms within the Egyptian group (p = 0.46). However, in the Korean group, the most frequent arch form was the square arch form (46.7%), while the frequency of the tapered arch form was significantly lower (18.8%). CONCLUSIONS: These results might provide helpful information in evaluating morphologic differences between ethnic groups in selection of preformed superelastic archwires.
Dental Arch ; Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; Tooth

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Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans.

Hye Rim YOON ; Yoon Jeong CHOI ; Kyung Ho KIM ; Chooryung CHUNG

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2010;40(5):304-313. doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.304

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occlusal force and contact area and to find its associating factors in Koreans. METHODS: Occlusal force and contact area in maximum intercuspation were measured using the Dental Prescale(R) system in 651 subjects (15 with normal occlusion, 636 with various malocclusions divided into subgroups according to the skeletal pattern, Angle's molar relationship, age and gender). RESULTS: Occlusal force of the normal occlusion group (744.5 +/- 262.6 N) was significantly higher than those of the malocclusion group (439.0 +/- 229.9 N, p < 0.05). Occlusal force was similar regardless of differences in ANB angle or Angle's molar classification, however the increase in vertical dimension significantly reduced occlusal force (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal force was significantly lower in the malocclusion group compared to the normal occlusion group, and in females compared to males, but it was not affected by age, antero-posterior skeletal pattern or molar classification. Although a hyperdivergent facial pattern indicated lower occlusal force compared to a hypodivergent facial pattern, the differences in skeletal pattern were not the primary cause of its decrease, but a secondary result induced by the differences in occlusal contact area according to the facial pattern.
Bite Force ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Vertical Dimension

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A study on the characteristics of craniofacial skeleton of Angle's Class II malocclusion cases.

Jin Woo LEE ; Kyung Suk CHA

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.1991;21(1):171-183.

This investigation was designed to categorize Angle's class II malocclusion groups through analyzing horizontal and vertical components of craniofacial skeleton in Angle's class II malocclusion. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalogram of two hundred and twenteen children, eighty eight boys and one hundred twenty four girls, aged 6 through 18 years, having Angle's class II malocclusion. On the basis of findings of this study, the following results were obtained. 1. In horizontal skeletal classifications, 16 groups were classified according to FMN-A-B, SEFMA-A, Ba-SE-Me, Ba-Se/Ra P. The sequences that have relatively high frequency are as follows: a) Horizontal Group 16 b) Horizontal Group 12 c) Horizontal Group 13 d) Horizontal Group 9 & 15 2. In vertical skeletal classification, 8 groups were classified according to the PMV/PP, PMV/Occ. P. PMV/Mn. P. The sequences that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Vertical Group A b) Vertical Group D c) Vertical Group C d) Vertical Group H 3. In vertical and horizontal skeletal classifications, the sequence that relatively high frequency are as follows; a) Group 13-A b) Group 16-A & 9-A c) Group 12-A & 15-A d) Group 16-C
Child ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Skeleton*

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A study of root resorption and alveolar bone changes during tooth movement after treatment with etidronate disodium.

Chung Ju HWANG ; Byung Hwa SOHN

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.1991;21(1):77-92.

Many studies has been conducted concerning prevention of unnecessary complications such as root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement under various mechanical forces. Nowadays, the cause of the root resorption is not thought to be confined only to mechanical forces. But the factor that affects bone metabolism are thought to be major one of the predisposing factors. The light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to the effects of 60gm, and 100gm of tipping force on root resorption of cats, which were treated with Etidronate disodium. The results were as follows: 1. In the 60gm control group, hyalinization on the compression site of periodontal ligament appeared after first week and second week. In the 60gm experimental group, it appeared after first week with low frequency. In the 100gm control group it appeared with high frequency by first and second week while in 100gm experimental group, it appeared with low frequency. 2. In the 100gm control group, resorption of the cementum and the alveolar bone rapidly increased after second week. In the 60gm experimental group, resorption or formation of alveolar bone and cementum didn't appear all through the experimental period. 3. In the 100gm control group. formation of cementum and alveolar bone appeared after first week while in the 100gm experimental group, formation of cementum and alveolar bone appeared after second week and fourth week respectively. In the 60gm control group, formation of the cementum didn't appear all through the experimental period. 4. In the control group, the root resorption of 100gm group was higher than that of 60gm group after second week, while in experimental group, root resorption didn't appear regardless of the forces.
Animals ; Cats ; Causality ; Dental Cementum ; Etidronic Acid* ; Hyalin ; Metabolism ; Periodontal Ligament ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

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Comparison of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness in different facial skeletal types.

Yoon Soo KIM ; Jung Yul CHA ; Hyung Seog YU ; Chung Ju HWANG

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.2010;40(5):314-324. doi:10.4041/kjod.2010.40.5.314

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine differences of mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness and symphysial cross sectional area in 9 different horizontal and vertical facial types. METHODS: By using the initial cephalometric radiographs of 270 adult patients (male 135, female 135), the authors measured the buccolingual thickness of anterior alveolar bone on the basis of the root axis and symphysial cross sectional distance. RESULTS: The high angle group showed significantly thinner buccolingual alveolar bone width except for the CEJ area and lingual alveolar bone width (p < 0.05). The low angle group and Class I, II average group showed similar or significantly thicker alveolar bone width than the Class I average group (p < 0.05). The Class III average group showed significantly thinner buccolingual and lingual alveolar bone width than Class I and II average groups (p < 0.05). The Class III high angle group showed minimal alveolar bone width in all facial skeletal types. No significant difference was found in the symphysial cross sectional area of the different vertical facial skeletal types (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study found that Class III high angle patients have thinner mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness; therefore, more attention will be needed to determine the incisor position during orthodontic treatment for this group of patients.
Adult ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Tooth Cervix

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Roentgenocephalometric study of craniofaial form on Korean adult of normal occlusion by Moyers' analysis.

Sin Young SON ; Ki Soo LEE

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.1989;19(2):95-108.

This study intended to calculate the cephalometric norms of Korean adult and to compare those with norms of the North American Caucasian by Moyers. Cephalometric headplates of 41 males and 31 females ranged in age from eighteen to twenty-six with normal occlusion and pleasing face were employed for this investigation. The tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms were analyzed by Moyers' method. As a result of this study, the following conclusion can be made. 1. Norms of Korean adult male and female were calculated. 2. There was no significant sexual difference in the basic craniofacial morphology. 3. The size of craniofacial skeleton was larger in male than in female. 4. The Korean male showed lower value of mandibular plane angle to craial base than that of the Caucasian male. 5. There was no significant difference in the anterior total facial height, however, in the posterior facial height the Korean male was larger than the Caucasian male, which manifested that the Korean male held more square-shaped profile. 6. The anteroposterior length of anterior and posterior cranial base, maxillary and mandibular skeletal and dentoalveolar effective length of the Korean male were shorter than those of the Caucasian male, and this suggested that the craniofacial profile depth of the Korean male was shorter than that of the Caucasian male.
Adult* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Skeleton ; Skull Base

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Metal release from brackets and archwires.

Byung Tae RHEE ; Soo Byung PARK

Korean Journal of Orthodontics.1989;19(2):75-84.

The purpose of this experiment was to measure the amounts of nickel and chromium released from a simulated orthodontic appliance in artificial saliva. Simulated mandibular half-arch orthodontic appliances were composed of American Iron and Steel Institute type 304 brackets, Permachrome, Elgiloy, Australian wire, T.M.A. and Nitinol. The amounts of nickel and chromium released from sample were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days. The cumulative amounts of nickel released from Permachrome, Elgiloy, Australian wire and T.M.A. reached a plateau after 6 days. But the cumulative amounts of nickel released from Nitinol increased continuously. Significant amounts of both nickel and chromium were solubilized from the simulated orthodontic appliances into artificial saliva. After 15 days, total cumulative amounts of nickel were 152.15microgram, 150.27microgram, 134.74microgram, 114.67microgram and 93.39micron from the Elgiloy, Australian wire, Nitinol, Permachrome and T.M.A., respectively. Total cumulative amounts of chromium from Permachrome, Australian wire, Elgiloy, Nitinol and T.M.A. were 100.83microgram, 83.64microgram, 81.61microgram, 14.90microgram and 12.43microgram, respectively. The result showed that nickel released from Elgiloy and chromium released from Permachrome were more than any others.
Absorption ; Chromium ; Iron ; Nickel ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Saliva, Artificial ; Steel

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